Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Venous Disease in the General Russian Population.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: The aim was to establish the prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the general population. METHODS: This was a population based, cross sectional study. In total, 703 residents aged > 18 years from the rural community of Kryukovo (Central Russia) were enrolled. Medical history was taken and clinical examination performed, documenting venous signs/symptoms. The CEAP classification of the most affected limb was used. Duplex ultrasound was performed to register morphological changes and reflux in deep and superficial veins. RESULTS: There were 63% women and 37% men (mean age 53.5 years). CVD was found in 69.3%. Of all participants 4.7% were C0S and 34.3% were C1. Chronic venous insufficiency (C3-C6) was found in 8.2% and venous ulcers (C5-C6) in 1.1%. Venous pain, heaviness, fatigue, itching, and the sensation of swelling were documented in 14.8%, 36.3%, 32.8%, 7.0% and 29.1% of patients respectively. Family history was the significant risk factor for both CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3) and primary varicose vein disease (HR 1.6; p < .01). Female sex was a risk factor only for CVD (HR 1.3; p < .01) but not for varicose veins. Age was a risk factor for CVD (HR 1.01) and for varicose veins (HR 1.02; p < .01). For women, number of births (HR 1.05; p < .05) and menopause (HR 1.3; p < .01) were risk factors for CVD. Menopause was a risk factor for varicose veins (HR 2.0; p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study provides data on the prevalence of CVD, venous abnormalities and risk factors in Russia. The results contribute to already established data, giving a more complete outlook on the global prevalence of CVD.

Risk factors for venous symptoms in Russian patients with chronic venous disease.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate risk factors for venous symptoms in Russian patients with chronic venous disease (CVD).Methods: Data on 487 patients with CVD aged 18 years and more were extracted from the database of a cross-sectional population-based study on the prevalence of CVD in a rural settlement. Risk factors for venous symptoms were calculated by multiple regression analysis. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03900234, 1 April 2019.Results: A total of 259 patients (53.2%) had venous symptoms. Female gender, hard labour (HRs 1.8 and 1.4, p < .01), age, family history of CVD and being employed (HRs 1.009, 1.3, 1.27, p < .05) are risk factors for development of symptoms. After calculating for different complaints separately, female gender was confirmed as a risk factor for all symptoms. Family history of CVD with HR 1.4 is a risk factor for heaviness (p < .01) and fatigue (p < 0.05). Employment predicts heaviness, sensation of swelling and night cramps - HRs 1.38, 1.7 and 1.9 respectively (p < .05). Hard labour is a risk factor for sensation of swelling with HR 2.1 (p < .05), pain and night cramps (HRs 2.2 and 4.4, p < .01). Prolonged standing is associated with sensation of swelling - HR 1.05 (p < .05). Superficial venous reflux is a predictor only for venous pain (HR 2.4, p < .01).Conclusions: This study presents independent risk factors for venous symptoms in CVD patients. It demonstrates that different symptoms are associated with different factors.