Presepsin as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients: combining clinical scoring systems and laboratory inflammatory markers for outcome prediction.

BACKGROUND: There is still limited research on the prognostic value of Presepsin as a biomarker for predicting the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, research on the combined predictive value of Presepsin with clinical scoring systems and inflammation markers for disease prognosis is lacking. METHODS: A total of 226 COVID-19 patients admitted to Beijing Youan Hospital's emergency department from May to November 2022 were screened. Demographic information, laboratory measurements, and blood samples for Presepsin levels were collected upon admission. The predictive value of Presepsin, clinical scoring systems, and inflammation markers for 28-day mortality was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were analyzed, 83 (43.7%) were mild, 61 (32.1%) were moderate, and 46 (24.2%) were severe/critically ill. 23 (12.1%) patients died within 28 days. The Presepsin levels in severe/critical patients were significantly higher compared to moderate and mild patients (p < 0.001). Presepsin showed significant predictive value for 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.828 (95% CI: 0.737-0.920). Clinical scoring systems and inflammation markers also played a significant role in predicting 28-day outcomes. After Cox regression adjustment, Presepsin, qSOFA, NEWS2, PSI, CURB-65, CRP, NLR, CAR, and LCR were identified as independent predictors of 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients (all p-values < 0.05). Combining Presepsin with clinical scoring systems and inflammation markers further enhanced the predictive value for patient prognosis. CONCLUSION: Presepsin is a favorable indicator for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, and its combination with clinical scoring systems and inflammation markers improved prognostic assessment.

GM-DETR: Research on a Defect Detection Method Based on Improved DETR.

Defect detection is an indispensable part of the industrial intelligence process. The introduction of the DETR model marked the successful application of a transformer for defect detection, achieving true end-to-end detection. However, due to the complexity of defective backgrounds, low resolutions can lead to a lack of image detail control and slow convergence of the DETR model. To address these issues, we proposed a defect detection method based on an improved DETR model, called the GM-DETR. We optimized the DETR model by integrating GAM global attention with CNN feature extraction and matching features. This optimization process reduces the defect information diffusion and enhances the global feature interaction, improving the neural network's performance and ability to recognize target defects in complex backgrounds. Next, to filter out unnecessary model parameters, we proposed a layer pruning strategy to optimize the decoding layer, thereby reducing the model's parameter count. In addition, to address the issue of poor sensitivity of the original loss function to small differences in defect targets, we replaced the L1 loss in the original loss function with MSE loss to accelerate the network's convergence speed and improve the model's recognition accuracy. We conducted experiments on a dataset of road pothole defects to further validate the effectiveness of the GM-DETR model. The results demonstrate that the improved model exhibits better performance, with an increase in average precision of 4.9% (mAP@0.5), while reducing the parameter count by 12.9%.

Advances on liver cell-derived exosomes in liver diseases.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which contain several donor cell-associated proteins as well as mRNA, miRNA, and lipids and coordinate multiple physiological and pathological functions through horizontal communication between cells. Almost all types of liver cells, such as hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, are exosome-releasing and/or exosome-targeted cells. Exosomes secreted by liver cells play an important role in regulating general physiological functions and also participate in the onset and development of liver diseases, including liver cancer, liver injury, liver fibrosis and viral hepatitis. Liver cell-derived exosomes carry liver cell-specific proteins and miRNAs, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets of liver disease. This review discusses the functions of exosomes derived from different liver cells and provides novel insights based on the latest developments regarding the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

MetSigDis: a manually curated resource for the metabolic signatures of diseases.

Complex diseases cannot be understood only on the basis of single gene, single mRNA transcript or single protein but the effect of their collaborations. The combination consequence in molecular level can be captured by the alterations of metabolites. With the rapidly developing of biomedical instruments and analytical platforms, a large number of metabolite signatures of complex diseases were identified and documented in the literature. Biologists' hardship in the face of this large amount of papers recorded metabolic signatures of experiments' results calls for an automated data repository. Therefore, we developed MetSigDis aiming to provide a comprehensive resource of metabolite alterations in various diseases. MetSigDis is freely available at http://www.bio-annotation.cn/MetSigDis/. By reviewing hundreds of publications, we collected 6849 curated relationships between 2420 metabolites and 129 diseases across eight species involving Homo sapiens and model organisms. All of these relationships were used in constructing a metabolite disease network (MDN). This network displayed scale-free characteristics according to the degree distribution (power-law distribution with R2 = 0.909), and the subnetwork of MDN for interesting diseases and their related metabolites can be visualized in the Web. The common alterations of metabolites reflect the metabolic similarity of diseases, which is measured using Jaccard index. We observed that metabolite-based similar diseases are inclined to share semantic associations of Disease Ontology. A human disease network was then built, where a node represents a disease, and an edge indicates similarity of pair-wise diseases. The network validated the observation that linked diseases based on metabolites should have more overlapped genes.

Prevalence and associated factors of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Ningbo, China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: HIV testing and early linkage to care are critical for reducing the risk of HIV transmission. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a useful tool for increasing HIV testing frequency.This study aimed to investigate HIVST rates among men who have sex with men (MSM), the characteristics of MSM who had HIVST, and factors associated with HIVST uptake among MSM in Ningbo, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019 in Ningbo,China. Participants were aged at least 18 years and having had sexual contact with men in the past year. Proportions were used for categorical variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for characteristics associated with HIVST uptake was processed by multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among a sample of 699 MSM recruited, 38.2% had reported previous use of an HIV self-test kit. A greater proportion of HIVST users had a higher frequency of HIV testing (≥ 2 times: 70.0% versus 41.2%, p < 0.001) in the past 1 year. The odds of older age (30-39 years: AOR = 0.49, CI 0.32-0.76; more than 40 years: AOR = 0.07, CI 0.04-0.14, compared to 18-29 years), bisexual (AOR = 0.49, CI 0.29-0.84) were lower among HIVST users,and were higher among MSM who were higher education level (high school: AOR = 2.82, CI 1.70-4.69, compared to middle school or less), gay apps use (AOR = 1.86, CI 1.13-3.05), multiple male sex partners (AOR = 1.90, CI 1.29-2.80), frequency of male-male sexual contact ≥ 1 times per week (AOR = 1.86, CI 1.30-2.66), syphilis infection (AOR = 5.48, CI 2.53-11.88). CONCLUSIONS: Further HIVST education should be strengthened for school-aged children and teenagers, and free HIVST kits may be provided to high-risk MSM through gay apps and CBO to achieve the increased HIV testing frequency.

Downregulated Gene Expression Spectrum and Immune Responses Changed During the Disease Progression in Patients With COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization characterizes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a pandemic. Here, we investigated the clinical, cytokine levels; T-cell proportion; and related gene expression occurring in patients with COVID-19 on admission and after initial treatment. METHODS: Eleven patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with similar initial treatment regimens were enrolled in the hospital. Plasma cytokine, peripheral T cell proportions, and microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses for gene expression were conducted. RESULTS: Five patients with mild and 6 with severe disease were included. Cough and fever were the primary symptoms in the 11 COVID-19 cases. Older age, higher neutrophil count, and higher C-reactive protein levels were found in severe cases. IL-10 level significantly varied with disease progression and treatment. Decreased T-cell proportions were observed in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe cases, and all were returned to normal in patients with mild disease after initial treatment, but only CD4+ T cells returned to normal in severe cases. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the disease progression, and decreased after initial treatment. All downregulated DEGs in severe cases mainly involved Th17-cell differentiation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, and T-cell activation. After initial treatment in severe cases, MAP2K7 and SOS1 were upregulated relative to that on admission. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that a decreased T-cell proportion with downregulated gene expression related to T-cell activation and differentiation occurred in patients with severe COVID-19, which may help to provide effective treatment strategies for COVID-19.

Gardner syndrome with giant abdominal desmoid tumor during pregnancy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Gardner syndrome is a subtype of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), characterized by a combination of adenomatous intestinal polyps and extracolonic lesions such as multiple osteomas, dental abnormalities, and soft tissue tumors. Although 12% of patients with intestinal polyposis of FAP may occur intra-abdominal desmoid tumors, pregnancy complicating with giant abdominal desmoid tumors is a relatively rare case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with Gardner syndrome in whom an intra-abdominal tumor was found a year after undergoing a laparoscopic total colectomy due to family adenomatous polyposis. At 32 weeks' gestation, she presented to our department for the third time complaining upper abdominal pain caused by the giant abdominal mass about 21 × 12 cm2 in size. After multidisciplinary consultation and discussion, the decision of fetal preservation treatment was made. After the delivery of a baby girl, abdominal mass resection was performed, and pathological examination revealed a fibrous adenoma. The patient was discharged after a week and was uneventful in the follow-up for half a year. CONCLUSIONS: Gardner syndrome is characterized by typical syndrome including family adenomatous polyposis and extra-intestinal tissue tumor. Were desmoid tumors rarely as large as fetus and local aggressively. In our case, we selected surgery to remove the intra-abdominal desmoid tumor after the natural delivery of the fetus and no abnormalities were observed during the 6 months follow-up. Women during pregnancy have an increased risk for the development of desmoid tumors, likely with the sex hormone to be one of the triggers. Therefore, we suggested that when a patient with Gardner syndrome desire to conceive again, they should go to the hospital for a regular review at least once every 3 months.

Systematic identification and analysis of dysregulated miRNA and transcription factor feed-forward loops in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease. Although some genes and miRNAs related with HCM have been studied, the molecular regulatory mechanisms between miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) in HCM have not been systematically elucidated. In this study, we proposed a novel method for identifying dysregulated miRNA-TF feed-forward loops (FFLs) by integrating sample matched miRNA and gene expression profiles and experimentally verified interactions of TF-target gene and miRNA-target gene. We identified 316 dysregulated miRNA-TF FFLs in HCM, which were confirmed to be closely related with HCM from various perspectives. Subpathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the method was outperformed by the existing method. Furthermore, we systematically analysed the global architecture and feature of gene regulation by miRNAs and TFs in HCM, and the FFL composed of hsa-miR-17-5p, FASN and STAT3 was inferred to play critical roles in HCM. Additionally, we identified two panels of biomarkers defined by three TFs (CEBPB, HIF1A, and STAT3) and four miRNAs (hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p, and hsa-miR-181a-5p) in a discovery cohort of 126 samples, which could differentiate HCM patients from healthy controls with better performance. Our work provides HCM-related dysregulated miRNA-TF FFLs for further experimental study, and provides candidate biomarkers for HCM diagnosis and treatment.

Deficiency of apoptosis-stimulating protein two of p53 ameliorates acute kidney injury induced by ischemia reperfusion in mice through upregulation of autophagy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become a common disorder with a high risk of morbidity and mortality, which remains major medical problem without reliable and effective therapeutic intervention. Apoptosis-stimulating protein two of p53 (ASPP2) is a proapoptotic member that belongs to p53 binding protein family, which plays a key role in regulating apoptosis and cell growth. However, the role of ASPP2 in AKI has not been reported. To explore the role of ASPP2 in the progression of AKI, we prepared an AKI mouse model induced by ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) in wild-type (ASPP2+/+ ) mice and ASPP2 haploinsufficient (ASPP2+/- ) mice. The expression profile of ASPP2 were examined in wild-type mice. The renal injury, inflammation response, cellular apoptosis and autophagic pathway was assessed in ASPP2+/+ and ASPP2+/- mice. The renal injury, inflammation response and cellular apoptosis was analysed in ASPP2+/+ and ASPP2+/- mice treated with 3-methyladenine or vehicle. The expression profile of ASPP2 showed an increase at the early stage while a decrease at the late stage during renal injury. Compared with ASPP2+/+ mice, ASPP2 deficiency protected mice against renal injury induced by I/R, which mainly exhibited in slighter histologic changes, lower levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and less apoptosis as well as inflammatory response. Furthermore, ASPP2 deficiency enhanced autophagic activity reflecting in the light chain 3-II conversion and p62 degradation, while the inhibition of autophagy reversed the protective effect of ASPP2 deficiency on AKI. These data suggest that downregulation of ASPP2 can ameliorate AKI induced by I/R through activating autophagy, which may provide a novel therapeutic strage for AKI.

The different expression of caspase-1 in HBV-related liver disease and acts as a biomarker for acute-on-chronic liver failure.

BACKGROUND: Caspase-1 is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1ß and interleukin 18. However, the role of caspase-1 in determining the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has yet to be elucidated. We evaluated the expression levels of caspase-1 in HBV-related liver disease and assessed its utility as a biomarker predicting the severity of ACLF. METHODS: The gene, protein and activity levels of caspase-1 were measured in the liver and/or serum of subjects with HBV-related disease. We also analysed the correlation between the expression levels of caspase-1 and liver injury of ACLF. RESULTS: Compared with the values observed in normal subjects, the relative caspase-1 mRNA and protein levels in livers were decreased in patients with CHB, LC, and HCC but increased in those with ACLF; moreover, ACLF patients had the lowest serum level and hepatic activity of caspase-1 among the five groups. The serum caspase-1 levels in ACLF patients showed a negative correlation with total serum bilirubin and a positive correlation with serum total protein and albumin. Importantly, the serum caspase-1 levels in the surviving group with ACLF were higher than those in the non-surviving group and showed different dynamic trends. Analyses of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that caspase-1 (AUC = 0.84, AUC of MELD score = 0.72) may be a useful marker for independently predicting ACLF. CONCLUSION: Caspase-1 is a potential non-invasive biomarker of disease progression and prognosis in ACLF.

Identification of a Combined RNA Prognostic Signature in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung.

BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the lung is a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical outcome is associated with tumor grade, stage, and subtype. This study aimed to identify RNA expression profiles, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA, associated with clinical outcome in adenocarcinoma of the lung using bioinformatics data. MATERIAL AND METHODS The miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and lncRNA expression profiles were downloaded from The Atlas of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer (TANRIC) database. The independent dataset, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) accession dataset, GSE81089, was used. RNA expression profiles were used to identify comprehensive prognostic RNA signatures based on patient survival time. RESULTS From 7,704 lncRNAs, 787 miRNAs, and 28,937 mRNAs of 449 patients, four joint RNA molecular signatures were identified, including RP11-909N17.2, RP11-14N7.2 (lncRNAs), MIR139 (miRNA), KLHDC8B (mRNA). The random forest (RF) classifier was used to test the prediction ability of patient survival risk and showed a good predictive accuracy of 71% and also showed a significant difference in overall survival (log-rank P=0.0002; HR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.74-7.19). The combined RNA signature also showed good performance in the identification of patient survival in the validation and independent datasets. CONCLUSIONS This study identified four RNA sequences as a prognostic molecular signature in adenocarcinoma of the lung, which may also provide an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this malignancy.

Naringin in Ganshuang Granule suppresses activation of hepatic stellate cells for anti-fibrosis effect by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin.

A previous study has demonstrated that Ganshuang granule (GSG) plays an anti-fibrotic role partially by deactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In HSCs activation, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy plays an important role. We attempted to investigate the role of mTOR-autophagy in anti-fibrotic effect of GSG. The cirrhotic mouse model was prepared to demonstrate the anti-fibrosis effect of GSG. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were used to identify the active component of GSG. The primary mouse HSCs were isolated and naringin was added into activated HSCs to observe its anti-fibrotic effect. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was added, respectively, into fully activated HSCs to explore the role of autophagy and mTOR. GSG played an anti-fibrotic role through deactivation of HSCs in cirrhotic mouse model. The concentration of naringin was highest in GSG by HPLC analyses and naringin markedly suppressed HSCs activation in vitro, which suggested that naringin was the main active component of GSG. The deactivation of HSCs caused by naringin was not because of the autophagic activation but mTOR inhibition, which was supported by the following evidence: first, naringin induced autophagic activation, but when autophagy was blocked by 3-MA, deactivation of HSCs was not attenuated or reversed. Second, naringin inhibited mTOR pathway, meanwhile when mTOR was activated by IGF-1, deactivation of HSCs was reversed. In conclusion, we have demonstrated naringin in GSG suppressed activation of HSCs for anti-fibrosis effect by inhibition of mTOR, indicating a potential therapeutic application for liver cirrhosis.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates C/EBP homologous protein to protect mice from acute liver failure.

OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation has been reported to ameliorate liver injury in cases of acute liver failure (ALF). However, its intrinsic protective molecular mechanisms remain largely undetermined. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is an important mediator of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that PPARα activation alleviates liver inflammation to protect mice from acute liver failure (ALF) mediated by CHOP. METHODS: In a murine model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 700 mg/kg) and LPS (10 µg/kg), Wy-14643 (6 mg/kg) was administered to activate PPARα. The mice of different groups were killed 6 h after D-GalN/LPS injection, and the liver and blood were collected for analysis. To find out whether PPARα activation protects the liver from injury due to inflammation by regulating CHOP, we used expression plasmid to increase CHOP expression and demonstrated how PPARα mediated CHOP to regulate inflammation in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: The expression of PPARα was downregulated and the expression of CHOP was upregulated with the development of D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury. The protective molecular mechanisms of PPARα activation were dependent on the expression of CHOP. Indeed, (1) PPARα activation decreased the expression of CHOP; on the other hand, PPARα knockdown increased the expression of CHOP in vivo; (2) the depressed liver inflammation by PPARα activation was due to the downregulation of CHOP expression, because overexpression of CHOP by transfect plasmid reversed liver protection and increased liver inflammation again; (3) in vitro, PPARα inhibition by siRNA treatment increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and CHOP siRNA co-transfection reversed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we demonstrated that PPARα activation contributes to liver protection and decreases liver inflammation in ALF, particularly through regulating CHOP. Our findings may provide a rationale for targeting PPARα as a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate ALF.

Self-Consistent Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding Parametrization for Pt-Ru Alloys.

We present a self-consistent charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) parametrization for PtRu alloys, which is developed by employing a training set of alloy cluster energies and forces obtained from Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Extensive simulations of a testing set of PtRu alloy nanoclusters show that this SCC-DFTB scheme is capable of capturing cluster formation energies with high accuracy relative to DFT calculations. The new SCC-DFTB parametrization is employed within a genetic algorithm to search for global minima of PtRu clusters in the range of 13-81 atoms and the emergence of Ru-core/Pt-shell structures at intermediate alloy compositions, consistent with known results, is systematically demonstrated. Our new SCC-DFTB parametrization enables computationally inexpensive and accurate modeling of Pt-Ru clusters that are among the best-performing catalysts in numerous energy applications.

Identification of Aberrant Chromosomal Regions in Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Data and Related Gene Information.

BACKGROUND: Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer. Chromosomal imbalances, like amplifications and deletions, influence the transcriptional activity of genes. These imbalances affect not only the expression of genes in the aberrant chromosomal regions, but also that of related genes, and may be relevant to the cancer status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Here, we used the 7 publicly available microarray studies in breast cancer tissues and propose a general and unsupervised method by using the gene expression data and related gene information to systematically identify aberrant chromosomal regions. This method aimed to identify the chromosomal regions where the genes and their related genes both show consistent changes in the expression levels. Such patterns have been reported to be associated with the chromosomal aberrations and may be used in cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: We compared 488 tumor and 222 normal samples from 7 microarray-based human breast cancer studies and detected the amplifications of 8q11.21, 14q32.11, 4q21.23, 18q11.2, Xq28, and the deletions of 3p24.1, 10q23.2 (BSCG1), 20p11.21, 9q21.13, and 1q41, which may be involved in the novel mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In addition, several known pathogenic genes, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with breast cancer were found. CONCLUSIONS: This approach can be applied to other microarray studies, which provide a new and useful method for exploring chromosome structural variations in different types of diseases.

[Endoplasmic reticulum stress collaborates with lipopolysaccharide to promote the inflammatory response in macrophages].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibition against inflammation-induced acute liver injury using a mouse model. METHODS: Marrow-derived stem cells were isolated from mouse femur and used to derive macrophages for analysis in experimental inflammation conditions, established by exposure to LPS and consequent activation of TLR4. Tunicamycin, an ERS chemical inducer, was applied to interfere the inflammation model condition.Affect on the inflammation-related factor MAPK was detected by western blot, and affects on gene expression of inflammatory factors were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Affect on TNFa was also measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Expression of TNFa, IL-6 and IL-1b was induced upon exposure to LPS, with the peak levels being reached at 4 hours of exposure (TNFa, 0.82+/-0.24; IL-1 b, 2.20+/-0.69; IL-6, 0.330+/-0.150). Tunicamycin significantly enhanced the LPS-induced up-regulation of TNFa, IL-6 and IL-1b expression (TNFa, 1.44+/-0.38, t=2.8, P<0.05; IL-1b, 16.063.40, t =7.93, P<0.05; IL-6, 31.1610.60, t=5.08, P<0.05). The tuniamycin treatment also enhanced the LPS-induced up-regulation of the protein expression of phospo-p38, phospho-JNK and phoshpo-ERK. CONCLUSION: ERS collaborates with LPS to promote the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response of macrophages, and this collaboration may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying progressive development of acute liver injury.

Oxidative stress promotes D-GalN/LPS-induced acute hepatotoxicity by increasing glycogen synthase kinase 3ß activity.

OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) activity is increased in the progression of acute liver failure (ALF), which aggravates liver injury, while its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. This study is designated to address whether oxidative stress activates GSK3ß to promote ALF. METHODS: In a murine model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) (700 mg/kg) and LPS (10 µg/kg), N-acetylcysteine (300 mg/kg) or SB216763 (25 mg/kg) was used to inhibit oxidative stress or GSK3ß activity, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were assessed. The parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated in liver tissue. Whether GSK3ß inhibition protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis was investigated in vitro. Moreover, the activity of GSK3ß was measured in the liver of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and ALF patients. RESULTS: In vivo, N-acetylcysteine ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and reduced GSK3ß activity; GSK3ß inhibition increased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and the glutathione content, decreased malondialdehyde production in the liver tissues; while GSK3ß inhibition suppressed the JNK activation in the liver and decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In vitro, GSK3ß inhibition lessened hepatocytes apoptosis induced by H2O2 or Antimycin A, as demonstrated by decreased LDH activity, and reduced cleavage of caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, GSK3ß activity in the CHB patients was increased in the phase of ALF. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that GSK3ß activation contributes to liver injury by participating in oxidative stress response in ALF and is, therefore, a potential therapeutic target for ALF.

Efficacy of doxycycline therapy for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children at different periods.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae has increased considerably. Treatment in children has become challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline therapy for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children at different periods. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia hospitalized between May 2019 to August 2022. According to treatment, patients were divided into three groups: oral doxycycline treatment alone (DOX group), changed from intravenous azithromycin to oral doxycycline (ATD group), and intravenous azithromycin treatment alone (AZI group). ATD group cases were separated into two sub-groups: intravenous azithromycin treatment<3 days (ATD1 group) and ≥ 3 days (ATD2 group). Clinical symptoms were compared in each group and adjusted by Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. RESULTS: A total of 106 were recruited in this study. 17 (16%) were in DOX group, 58 (55%) in ATD group, and 31(29%) in AZI group. Compared with ATD group and AZI group, the DOX group showed shorter hospitalization duration and fever duration after treatment, while higher rate of chest radiographic improvement. After using PSM analysis, shorter days to hospitalization duration (P = 0.037) and to fever duration after treatment (P = 0.027) in DOX + ATD1 group than in ATD2 group was observed. A higher number of patients in the DOX + ATD1 group achieved defervescence within 72 h (P = 0.031), and fewer children received glucocorticoid adjuvant therapy (P = 0.002). No adverse reactions associated with doxycycline was observed during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Children receiving early oral doxycycline had a shorter duration of fever and hospitalization in macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae patients.

A Soft Sensor for Multirate Quality Variables Based on MC-CNN.

In recent years, data-driven soft sensor modeling methods have been widely used in industrial production, chemistry, and biochemical. In industrial processes, the sampling rates of quality variables are always lower than those of process variables. Meanwhile, the sampling rates among quality variables are also different. However, few multi-input multi-output (MIMO) sensors take this temporal factor into consideration. To solve this problem, a deep-learning (DL) model based on a multitemporal channels convolutional neural network (MC-CNN) is proposed. In the MC-CNN, the network consists of two parts: the shared network used to extract the temporal feature and the parallel prediction network used to predict each quality variable. The modified BP algorithm makes the blank values generated at unsampled moments not participate in the backpropagation (BP) process during training. By predicting multiple quality variables of two industrial cases, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

Association between perceived overqualification, work engagement, job satisfaction among nurses: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional correlational study aimed to understand nurses' perceived overqualification and work engagement, explore their effects on job satisfaction and provide a theoretical basis for hospital management policies in a public comprehensive tertiary hospital in China. DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlational study. SETTING: The study was conducted in a public comprehensive tertiary hospital in China. The specific location is not disclosed. PARTICIPANTS: 584 nurses participated in the study, with a completion rate of 97.3%. The average age of participants was 34.8±6.7 years, with 96.4% being women. 67.8% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 71.6% had over 5 years of work experience. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The Scale of Perceived Overqualification was used to assess nurses' perceptions of their qualifications, demonstrating a high level of reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.832. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was used to assess nurses' work engagement, showing internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.683 for the vigour dimension, 0.693 for the dedication dimension and 0.834 for the absorption dimension. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to evaluate nurses' job satisfaction, with internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.765 for the intrinsic satisfaction scale and 0.734 for the extrinsic satisfaction scale. The primary outcome measures included perceived overqualification, work engagement and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The average scores for perceived overqualification, work engagement and job satisfaction were 26.38±3.44, 65.36±14.92 and 74.29±15.04, respectively. Perceived overqualification showed negative correlations with work engagement (r=-0.562, p<0.05) and job satisfaction (r=-0.674, p<0.05). However, work engagement was positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=0.519, p<0.05). Path analysis indicated that perceived overqualification had both a direct (ß=-0.06, p<0.001) and an indirect effect (ß=-0.35, p=0.015) on job satisfaction, with work engagement partially mediating this relationship. CONCLUSION: The perception of overqualification among nurses shows a significant correlation with both their work engagement and job satisfaction. This finding suggests that hospital administrators should pay attention to nurses' perceptions of their qualifications and take measures to enhance their job satisfaction. Furthermore, work engagement acts as a mediator between the perception of overqualification and job satisfaction, emphasising the importance of increasing work engagement. Overall, hospitals can improve nurses' work engagement and job satisfaction by providing career development opportunities, establishing feedback mechanisms and fostering work-life balance. Comprehensive management measures focusing on nurses' career development opportunities and levels of work engagement are necessary. Future research could expand the sample size, employ more diverse research designs and integrate qualitative research methods to further explore the factors influencing nurses' job satisfaction and happiness.