Secondary acute myeloid leukemia - a single center experience.

Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) may arise from the previous clonal disorder of hematopoiesis, usually from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or from chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (cMPN) or after exposure to a leukemogenic agent (previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, some immunosuppressive drugs or environmental leukemogenic agents). Secondary origin of AML is associated with unfavorable prognosis and it is not considered to be conventionally curable (with the exception of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia). The presented study is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed and treated at the Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc in 1996-2008. Over that period of time, a total 574 patients with AML were diagnosed. Of those, 430 patients were diagnosed as having primary AML; in 86 patients, sAML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome and 58 patients were followed or treated for various malignancies or were treated with potentially leukemogenic agents because of non-malignant disorders. Patients with secondary AML are older and less commonly treated with curative intention than those with primary AML. According to cytogenetic findings, their prognosis is often worse. Complete hematologic remission is achieved with a low probability, relapse of the disease occurs frequently and overall survival is worse in almost all prognostic subgroups. With the exception of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia, the prognosis of which does not differ from very good prognosis of the primary forms, secondary AML is not considered a conventionally curable disease.

Prognostic factors and treatment outcome in 1,516 adult patients with de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemia in 1999-2009 in 5 hematology intensive care centers in the Czech Republic.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe condition with a high mortality. When making decisions about the optimal tailor-made therapy, numerous prognostic factors are considered. The study represents a detailed analysis of the role of these factors and treatment outcomes based on a long-term follow-up of patients treated in 5 hematology intensive care centers in the Czech Republic.The studied group comprised 1,188 patients with de novo AML and 328 patients with secondary AML. The latter were significantly older, had more unfavorable cytogenetic changes and less frequently received curative therapy. Curatively treated patients achieved fewer complete remissions and relapsed more often than those with de novo AML. Patients with secondary AML had lower rates of allogeneic transplantation as part of consolidation therapy and a significantly shorter median overall survival. A lower proportion of the patients were alive at the time of analysis. However, the treatment outcome of de novo AML patients is not satisfactory, the only exception being those with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The analysis, which did not evaluate the intention-to-treat criteria and was without randomization, found allogeneic stem cell transplantation to be the most effective modality of consolidation therapy in both groups of patients. .