Bioethical analysis to the therapeutic use of Cannabis: Integrative review.

INTRODUCTION:: Despite being considered as a contravention under some countries' legislation, the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa has been growing in Brazil, due to the promising results observed in many pathologies. Such a scenario has fostered the need to deepen discussions on the subject and possibly revise legislation governing the substance use and access. OBJECTIVES:: Identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis and describe the strategies people use to overcome stigma. METHODS:: This integrative review was carried out in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, with 565 articles being retrieved. Triads' cross-check were done, first maintaining the "cannabis" and "therapeutic use" pair, added by "stigma," "bioethics," "ethics," "social consequences," and "legal consequences." The final selection resulted in six articles. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:: However, the ethical issues that pervade and regulate decisions on this subject must be considered. RESULTS:: Different dimensions and types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis have been identified. The bioethical principle of autonomy was an expression of citizenship and human rights, mitigating internal conflicts related to self-stigma and the effects of external stigma on the person's life. CONCLUSION:: It was possible to identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis is an internal dimension represented (self-stigma) and an external dimension, represented (social and structural stigmas) and to identify strategies adopted to face this stigma: skills training group for users, elaboration of laws and specific programs to clarify the therapeutic use of Cannabis with a greater social scope, and support for family members. Thus, contributing to the building of people's autonomy in a broader context of decision-making autonomy and executive autonomy will provide the development of people's capacity to perform complex tasks of self-management and, consequently, to continue promoting and preserving their decision-making process and their capacity to plan and perform tasks associated with managing their lives and their treatments.

Assistive technology and active aging according to professionals working in community groups. / Tecnologia assistiva e envelhecimento ativo segundo profissionais atuantes em grupos de convivência.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the knowledge of professionals about assistive technology and its importance in the elderly's life. METHOD: Exploratory descriptive qualitative study performed with professionals working in three community groups in the city of Cajazeiras (state of Paraíba/PB). Data were collected through an interview with semi-structured script and analyzed according to the Content Analysis Technique. RESULTS: Participation of 45 professionals. Four categories were identified, namely: Knowledge about assistive technology; Professionals' lack of knowledge about available assistive technologies for implementation in work with the elderly; Use of assistive technology by the elderly; Impact on professional practices after implementation of assistive technology. CONCLUSION: Some of professionals have knowledge about assistive technology and others make a wrong interpretation by confusing it with working instruments. In spite of the positive impact of assistive technology on certain professionals' practice, there is need for training in order to provide a better use of assistive technologies by the elderly.

Social representations of integrative community therapy by the elderly. / Representações sociais sobre terapia comunitária integrativa construídas por idosos.

OBJECTIVE: To elicit the social representations of the elderly regarding integrative community therapy (ICT). METHOD: This is an exploratory study conducted with 273 elderly people in a municipality of northeastern Brazil, in 2014. It is based on the theory of social representations and the free-association test for the inductor term "integrative community therapy". The data were processed using EVOC software and examined with the structural approach of social representations, followed by a similarity analysis and confrontation with literature. RESULTS: The organisation and meaning of the representations of ICT chiefly occurred through the core element: Group. CONCLUSION: The analysis revealed that the ICT is a support network for the elderly, where they feel they belong to a group and feel empowered through participation in the sessions.

Nursing Staff Members Mental's Health and Factors Associated with the Work Process: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: The mental health of nursing staff members influences the work process outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Identify the work related factors that harms the nursing team's mental health. METHODS: Databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and MEDLINE, by mating between the indexed descriptors in MeSH terms "mental health" and "occupational health nursing". 783 articles were rescued to give a final sample of 18 articles. Integrative review in order to identify factors associated with the work process of the nursing staff that negatively affects mental health. RESULTS: The main associated factors were work demands, psychological demands, violence, aggression, poor relationships with administrators, accidents involving the risk of exposure to HIV, stress and errors in the execution of labor activities. The main findings regarding the nursing staff's mental health were post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, stress, major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Occupational nurses need to understand the complexities of mental health problems and substance use among nursing staff members to recognize, identify and care for workers at risk and offer adequate mental health care. Although the researches interests in this theme have increased, proving that all these factors contribute to the risk to mental health of nursing professionals, the protective measures and care are being neglected by managers in both private and public network . The health of nursing workers in question here is one more challenge for a profession that takes care of others in need, therefore, requires some caring with their own health.

[Term base for nursing practices with elderly women with HIV/AIDS]. / Banco de termos para a prática de enfermagem com mulheres idosas com HIV/aids.

The aim of this study was to create a term base for nursing practices with elderly women with HIV/AIDS. This documental descriptive research was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Paraíba, from August 2012 to July 2013, based on a list of terms from the Integrated Plan to Combat the Feminization of AIDS and other STDs. These terms were cross-mapped with those of the International Classification for Nursing Practices 2011 (CIPEr 2011) and use of these terms in nursing practices was confirmed with the help of 15 participants. The base comprised 106 constant terms and 69 non-constant terms in the CIPEr 2011. Results revealed the need to reconsider nursing care for elderly women with HIV/AIDS in light of epidemiological changes in relation to aging and feminization of the disease. The term base will support the construction of more appropriate wording for nursing diagnoses, results and interventions for elderly women with HIV/AIDS.

Evaluation of participant satisfaction with community therapy: a mental health strategy in primary care.

Actions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention must prioritize the entry point to the health system. In this sense, it is proposed that Community Therapy (CT) be inserted as a mental health care tool in Primary Care. The purpose of this study is to assess user satisfaction with CT in Primary Care. It is assessment, cross-sectional study with a representative sample of users of CT services in Primary Care in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Of the 198 interviewees, 165 (83.3%) of the sample reported that they were always respected, evidenced by aspects of respect and dignity; 109 (55.1%) individuals stated they were listened to, revealing internal consistency of 0.7187, and in turn, exhibiting the true validity of the user satisfaction construct with respect to CT. Thus, users displayed positive satisfaction, reflected by respect, dignity, receptiveness, resolution, listening and comprehension received at CT, where empathy is exhibited and mental suffering is relieved. Moreover, CT is an important mental health tool in primary care.

[Social representations of elders' quality of life]. / Representações sociais sobre qualidade de vida para idosos.

This study aimed to identify elders' social representations of quality of life. This is an exploratory study with a sample of 240 elders, of both sexes. For data collection we used a Free Association Test with Words, using the inductive stimulus 'quality of life" and sociodemographic variables. The interviews were analyzed with the software Alceste. Of the 240 studied eslders, 167 were women, with the dominant age from 60 to 69 years, income between two and three minimum wages, most of the married and with catholicism as the predominant religion. The results from Alceste pointed towards seven hierarchical classes: accessibility, work, activity, support affection, care and interactions. Social representations of quality of life by elders can support professionals in understanding the adhesion to preventive practices for the elderly and in strengthening policies directed to this population.

[Social representations on aging by primary care health workers]. / Representações sociais de trabalhadores da atenção básica de saúde sobre envelhecimento.

The objective of this study was to get to know the social representations on aging developed by primary care health workers. This is an exploratory study involving 204 primary health care workers, in the city of João Pessoa, in the state of Paraíba. For data collection we used a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from 204 interviews was analyzed with the help of the Alceste software version 2010. The results indicated five classes or categories: vision of aging,psychosocial dimensions, a time of doubts, aging as a process, and aging versus disease, with positive content: joy, care, children, retirement, caregiver rights, maturity and wisdom, as well as negative factors: impairments, decadence, neglect, fragility, limitation, wrinkles, dependency and disease. It was observed that these meanings associated with aging express the need for total and humanized elderly care.

[Assessing the risk of falls for the elderly in Basic Health Units]. / Avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde.

The world population is aging rapidly, which poses a greater challenge for the institutions involved which, in turn, require new public health policies that include the prevention of falls. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of falls in the elderly. This epidemiological, cross-sectional study was performed at a family health unit, using a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 150 elderly individuals evaluated from January to April 2009. Data were collected using the Fall Risk Score, which was analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Of all seniors evaluated, 58.8% did not suffer falls. However, 63 seniors did suffer falls, 71.4% of this total experienced 1 to 2 falls, and the main intrinsic cause they reported was dizziness/vertigo, whereas the extrinsic cause was wet or slippery floors. Therefore, it is concluded that it is important to assess the risk of falls among the elderly so that preventive measures can be taken, with a view to maximizing their quality of life.

ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role in cellular signaling is evident. ROS control several biological processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The redox signaling underlying these cellular events is one characteristic of the new generation of scientists aimed at defining the role of ROS in the cellular environment. The control of redox potential, which includes the balance of the sources of ROS and the antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding the cells' fate derived from redox signaling. In this review, we summarized the chemical, the redox balance, the signaling, and the implications of ROS in biological aging.

[Sexual orientation in the school environment: fact or eagerness?]. / Orientaçãao sexual nas escolas: fato ou anseio?

This qualitative research aims to analyze how sexual orientation has been incorporated into pedagogic practices through the point of view of educators from public schools of fundamental teaching. Twenty three educators from Cajazeiras, Paralba, Brazil participated in the study. The focus group was elected as technique of investigation, and the empirical data obtained were organized according to the technique of analysis of content. It was realized that there is an effort of the actors to privilege contents related to sexual orientation in the school environment though they demand that a level of informative and subjective character about the "sexuality" be encouraged providing the educators with a space for re-significations of its internality of values. The information directed to self-care must transcend the limits of prevention and hygienisation, incorporating extensive, inclusive and reflective methodologies, which recognize human and social rights and promote the ethical construction of citizenship.

[Active aging from the perspective of aged individuals who are functionally independent]. / O envelhecimento ativo sob o olhar de idosos funcionalmente independentes.

The objective of this study was to identify the social representations of the elderly regarding active aging. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 100 functionally independent aged individuals from João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. The data was organized and analyzed using Alceste software. Results showed that the aged individuals' statements about active aging are permeated with positive contents. However, when aging is not associated with the word active, it is still represented as losses and disabilities. Despite the existence of losses during the process, active aging should be encouraged among the elderly, as it means living a quality, plentiful life. Maintaining the elderly functionally independent is the first step to achieving active aging and thus improving their quality of life.

[Perception of students on the elderly and their duties: the case of the health]. / Percepção dos estudantes sobre o idoso e seus direitos: o caso da saúde.

This is a retrospective study which aimed at examining college students' perceptions about the elderly and their rights, and to investigate knowledge about the elderly rights. Participated in this study 63 students from different courses (both sexes) in the academic realm. We collected information in a semi-structured interview focused on issues pertinent to the rights of the aged and the elderly Data were analyzed with the technique of thematic content analysis. The results are presented in categories under the Constitution are interpreted Federal Civil Code and the National Policy for the Elderly, in particular the rights to health. The results showed negative perceptions of students about the elderly and little knowledge about the rights of the elderly, particularly the larger, such as receiving special medication, be treated primarily in hospitals, do not suffer from embarrassment in public health services, right to full health, among others.

[Mental health in the basic attention: an epidemic study based on the risk focus]. / Saúde mental na atenção básica: um estudo epidemiológico baseado no enfoque de risco.

The transformations of stamp social, political and economical happened in the last decades they rebound significantly in all the sections of the society. And if it cannot leave of considering the influences of those transformations for the mental health of the population. It is a epidemic cohort study that aimed at accomplishing the risk for mental disease in the population assisted by the Unit of Health of the Family of the habitational group, neighborhood of Mangabeira, city of João Pessoa-PB, where Self Report Questionnaire-20 was used (SRQ-20). Association of the Risk was observed for Depression and Anxiety with the feminine sex (59,40%), among the age group from 40 to 65 years (66%), in the occupation of domestic services (65,5%). We are mischievous to recognize that the mental suffering has been growing relatively in the studied sample and starting from that verification it is done necessary an immediate attention to the problems of mental health in the community's people.

[The communitarian therapy as a new instrument of care for elderly mental health]. / A terapia comunitária como um novo instrumento de cuidado para saúde mental do idoso.

The Communitarian Therapy comes appearing as a new technology of care in the programs of insertion and support to the mental health of the population. This exploratory research aims to identify the number of groups of community care with older people in the city of João Pessoa - PB, to know the main themes presented by the elderly and the strategies used to confront the difficulties and disclose evidence related to improving quality of life of older people. The data had been collected in the fiches of register of the therapies, analyzed in a quantitative boarding. The results had demonstrated that the problem most frequent in the aged one is stress it, the used strategy of confrontation more are the spirituality. The Communitarian Therapy comes contributing for mental health of the aged one.

[The rights of health users in cases of hospital infection]. / Os direitos dos usuários da saúde em casos de infecção hospitalar.

The study aimed ar apprehending the social representations of the health users in case of hospital infection. Exploratory research with 28 health and law professionals and of a public hospital of Teresina-PI. The data were produced through the interviews and processed by the software Alceste 4.8. The hierarchical descendent analysis showed 4 classes of words that sized up a conflict between the proposals of the program of infection control and the practicing of health professionals, seeing that negligencing the psychological aspects and direct the focus of the attention to economical, biological and epidemiological aspects, with much attention to the rights that the health users have to be waited on the hospitals without running risk of acquiring a hospital infection.

[Tobacco and health in the view of univerity students]. / Tabaco e saúde no olhar de estudantes universitários.

Smoking is a serious public health problem. This study aims at understanding how social representation about smoke/tobacco and health are shared by young university students through the impact of figures contained in cigarettes package in heath. This exploratory study was carried with 63 nursing students in Lisboa, Portugal. Data were collected by the technique of free association of words that were submitted to the software Tri-Deux Mots. Students associate "tobacco" like pleasure but also as cancer, disrespect, bad smell, something mean; the health, happiness, joy and self and sickness. Health is represented by hospital but also as something good positive and energetic. "Tobacco/smoking" for the subjects concerned disease as the cancer in addition to causing bad smell and be unpleasant configuring itself as a bad and associated with father.

Nursing diagnoses for elderly women vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: Classify the diagnoses in the conceptual framework of vulnerability of Ayres and in the Orem's self-care theory; Elaborate operational definitions of nursing diagnoses for elderly women vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: A descriptive exploratory study, developed from March to December 2016 in the stages: 1. Classification of diagnoses in the conceptual framework of vulnerability of Ayres and in the Orem's self-care theory; 2. Operational definition of nursing diagnoses. RESULTS: 70 nursing diagnoses were classified in the conceptual framework of vulnerability of Ayres and Orem's self-care theory, and their operational definitions were constructed, where 75.7% of these were validated. FINAL CONSIDERATION: Diagnoses represent conditions that make older women vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and are linked to their self-care practices. Operational definitions contribute to a systematic approach to care and greater clarity in its implementation.

Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of older women in HIV/AIDS prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge, religious beliefs and the adoption of preventive measures against HIV/AIDS of non-Catholic elderly women. METHOD: A qualitative study, carried out in religious institutions of a municipality in the state of Ceará, Northeast Brazil, with 78 elderly women. Of these, 64 were evangelicals, seven spiritualists and seven Jehovah's Witnesses. A semi-structured interview script was used followed by thematic content analysis of participants' responses. RESULTS: After analyzing the empirical data, three categories were elaborated: the first presented the knowledge they had about AIDS; the second, highlighted the beliefs attributed to people with HIV/AIDS; and the third, presented the preventive measures to HIV/AIDS adopted by them. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There were participants with knowledge gaps and failure to use preventive measures against HIV/AIDS. They suggested that religious institutions can be venues for lectures on HIV/AIDS prevention.

Frailty syndrome among elderly and associated factors: comparison of two cities.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the frailty syndrome among elderly people living at home in two Brazilian cities and to identify factors related to sociodemographic and health-related variables. METHOD: population-based cross-sectional study with 480 elderly individuals from the cities of Ribeirão Preto/SP and João Pessoa/PB, with application of the Mini Mental State Examination instruments and the Edmonton Frailty, Geriatric Depression and Lawton and Brody scales. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Fisher's test, Student's t-test, Spermann's correlation and Logistic regression were used. In all analyzes, the level of significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: in relation to frailty, it was verified that living in Ribeirão Preto, presenting advanced age, low schooling, multiple chronic diseases, reduced cognitive status and functional capacity, besides depressive symptoms, are factors associated with the frailty syndrome, in both cities. CONCLUSION: we identified that the frailty syndrome in the elderly of both cities has a relation with the place where the elderly person lives, age, schooling, number of diseases, reduction of cognitive status, functional capacity and presence of symptoms depressive.