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BACKGROUND: Patient selection is extremely important in obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) and rectal prolapse (RP) surgery. This study assessed factors that guided the indications for ODS and RP surgery and their specific role in our decision-making process using a machine learning approach. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a long-term prospective observational study on female patients reporting symptoms of ODS who underwent a complete diagnostic workup from January 2010 to December 2021 at an academic tertiary referral center. Clinical, defecographic, and other functional tests data were assessed. A supervised machine learning algorithm using a classification tree model was performed and tested. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were included. The factors associated with a significantly higher probability of undergoing surgery were follows: as symptoms, perineal splinting, anal or vaginal self-digitations, sensation of external RP, episodes of fecal incontinence and soiling; as physical examination features, evidence of internal and external RP, rectocele, enterocele, or anterior/middle pelvic organs prolapse; as defecographic findings, intra-anal and external RP, rectocele, incomplete rectocele emptying, enterocele, cystocele, and colpo-hysterocele. Surgery was less indicated in patients with dyssynergia, severe anxiety and depression. All these factors were included in a supervised machine learning algorithm. The model showed high accuracy on the test dataset (79%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms assessment and physical examination proved to be fundamental, but other functional tests should also be considered. By adopting a machine learning model in further ODS and RP centers, indications for surgery could be more easily and reliably identified and shared.
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Constipação Intestinal , Defecação , Prolapso Retal , Aprendizado de Máquina Supervisionado , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolapso Retal/cirurgia , Prolapso Retal/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/cirurgia , Constipação Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Síndrome , Defecação/fisiologia , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Defecografia/métodos , Seleção de Pacientes , Algoritmos , Tomada de Decisão Clínica/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Child-Pugh A cirrhosis has been demonstrated as beneficial. However, the role of laparoscopy in Child-Pugh B cirrhosis is undetermined. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare open and laparoscopic resection for HCC with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis. METHODS: Data on liver resections were gathered from 17 centres. A 1 : 1 propensity score matching was performed according to 17 predefined variables. RESULTS: Of 382 available liver resections, 100 laparoscopic and 100 open resections were matched and analysed. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was similar in open and laparoscopic groups (4.0 versus 2.0 per cent respectively; P = 0.687). Laparoscopy was associated with lower blood loss (median 110 ml versus 400 ml in the open group; P = 0.004), less morbidity (38.0 versus 51.0 per cent respectively; P = 0.041) and fewer major complications (7.0 versus 21.0 per cent; P = 0.010), and ascites was lower on postoperative days 1, 3 and 5. For laparoscopic resections, patients with portal hypertension developed more complications than those without (26 versus 12 per cent respectively; P = 0.002), and patients with a Child-Pugh B9 score had higher morbidity rates than those with B8 and B7 (7 of 8, 10 of 16 and 21 of 76 respectively; P < 0.001). Median hospital stay was 7.5 (range 2-243) days for laparoscopic liver resection and 18 (3-104) days for the open approach (P = 0.058). The 5-year overall survival rate was 47 per cent for open and 65 per cent for laparoscopic resection (P = 0.142). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 32 and 37 per cent respectively (P = 0.742). CONCLUSION: Patients without preoperative portal hypertension and Child-Pugh B7 cirrhosis may benefit most from laparoscopic liver surgery.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Hepatectomia , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Hepatectomia/métodos , Hepatectomia/mortalidade , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/patologia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparoscopia/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Iron homeostasis appears altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent genetic studies and meta-analyses have produced heterogeneous and inconclusive results. In order to verify the possible role of iron status in PD, we have screened some of the main metal gene variants, evaluated their effects on iron systemic status, and checked for possible interactions with PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 92 PD patients and 112 healthy controls, we screened the D544E and R793H variants of the ceruloplasmin gene (CP), the P589S variant of the transferrin gene (TF), and the H63D and C282Y variants of the HFE gene, encoding for homologous proteins, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed serum concentrations of iron, copper and their related proteins. RESULTS: The genetic investigation revealed no significant differences in allelic and genotype distributions between patients and controls. Two different multivariable forward stepwise logistic models showed that, when the effect of sex is considered, an increase of the probability of having PD is associated with low iron concentration and Tf-saturation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new evidence of the involvement of iron metabolism in PD pathogenesis and reveals a biological effect of sex.
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Ceruloplasmina/genética , Proteína da Hemocromatose/genética , Ferro/sangue , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Transferrina/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cobre/sangue , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accidental dural puncture is a common complication of labour analgesia. It can trigger post-dural puncture headache, with associated morbidity and increased costs. Intrathecal catheter placement is a prophylactic procedure which can reduce incidence and severity of post-dural puncture headache. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-centred study to define incidence and risk factors of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache in an obstetric population. We also evaluated effectiveness of intrathecal catheter placement compared to epidural catheter replacement in reducing incidence of post-dural puncture headache. We then conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included all studies comparing intrathecal catheter placement to epidural catheter replacement in obstetric patients with accidental dural puncture assessing the outcome of reduced incidence of post-dural puncture headache as a dichotomous variable. RESULTS: Accidental dural puncture had an incidence of 0.25% (60 cases). Of these, 66% developed post-dural puncture headache. A total of 77% (47/60) of patients with accidental dural puncture were treated with an intrathecal catheter placement, while 23% (13/60) had an epidural catheter replacement. Incidence of post-dural puncture headache was lower in the intrathecal catheter group (spinal 26/47, 60.5% epidural 11/13, 84.6%), although not reaching statistical significance (RR 0.71, CI 95%: 0.51-1.00; p = 0.049). The meta-analysis revealed that intrathecal catheter placement significantly reduced incidence of post-dural puncture headache compared to epidural catheter replacement (pooled RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal catheter placement is a promising measure to prevent post-dural puncture headache, especially if followed by a pain management protocol and a continuous saline infusion.
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BACKGROUNG: Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in a broad range of symptoms, including motor, visual, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric deficits. Some studies, considering affective facial expressions to study emotion processing, demonstrated emotion recognition difficulties in MS patients. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the impact of MS on the emotional-behaviour rating and neurophysiological response (Event Related Potentials-ERP) through a battery of affective visual stimuli selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). METHODS: Twenty patients with diagnosis of Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) and 20 Healthy Controls (HC) matched by age, gender and education were enrolled. Each of them, after a neuropsychological assessment, were asked to evaluate arousal and valence of affective visual stimuli. RESULTS: Our results showed higher P300 amplitudes in RRMS patients than HC group for pleasant and unpleasant images. Moreover, RRMS patients showed lower Reaction Time (RT) respect HC in valence rating. No other effect did emerge between groups. CONCLUSION: Our study shows early compensatory cerebral mechanisms in RRMS patients throughout emotional information processing, particularly for unpleasant and pleasant stimuli. We hypothesize that this compensatory cerebral mechanism reduces the behavioural dissimilarity between patients and HC.
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Afeto , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/psicologia , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estimulação Luminosa , Tempo de Reação , Percepção Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Following an inguinal hernia repair with open or laparoscopic technique, 1-15% of patients show persistent neuralgia, a severe, potentially debilitating, complication. Several therapeutic procedures have been proposed, but consensus regarding choice of treatment has not yet been achieved. We performed a prospective study on 32 such cases. Patients underwent anaesthetic infiltration to identify, when possible, the involved nerve, and we then carried out a step-by-step therapeutic protocol. In the initial phase, patients were treated with oral analgesic and afterwards with repeated infiltrations of anaesthetic and cortisone. Surgery was reserved for patients not responding to the infiltrations, though with no good success. The authors believe that noninvasive methods are to be preferred, whereas neurectomy interventions should be reserved for selected cases.
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Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Anestesia Local/métodos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Neuralgia/terapia , Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Administração Oral , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Injeções , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Neuralgia/complicações , Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cognitive dysfunction affects 40-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and can occur in the early stages of the disease. This study aimed to explore cognitive functions by means of the Italian version of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in MS (MACFIMS) in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with very mild clinical disability to identify the primarily involved cognitive functions. Ninety-two consecutive RRMS patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ≤ 2.5 and forty-two healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Our results show that 51.1% of MS patients have cognitive dysfunction compared to HC. An impairment of verbal and visual memory, working memory, and executive functions was found in the RRMS group. After subgrouping RRMS by EDSS, group 1 (EDSS ≤ 1.5) showed involvement of verbal memory and executive functions; moreover, group 2 (2 ≤ EDSS ≤ 2.5) patients were also impaired in information processing speed and visual memory. Our results show that utilizing a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, approximately half of MS patients with very mild physical disability exhibit cognitive impairment with a primary involvement of prefrontal cognitive functions. Detecting impairment of executive functions at an early clinical stage of disease could be useful to promptly enroll MS patients in targeted rehabilitation.
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Cognição/fisiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Adulto , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Incisional hernia is one of the commonest long-term complications of open abdominal surgery. Especially in old patients (over 70 years), the incisional hernias represent an invalidating pathology whose treatment, for the high incidence of associated respiratory and cardiovascular disease, offers difficulties related to the preoperative and postoperative management as well as to the surgical treatment. This paper reports the Author's experience about the surgical treatment of large incisional hernia (> 10 cm) with open prosthetic mesh repair in geriatric patients.
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Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Idoso , Hérnia Ventral/patologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
The nature of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder is difficult to define. Surgical indication still remains controversial but in some cases mandatory. In this clinical study data were retrospectively evaluated in 25 patients with polypoid lesions who underwent laparoscopic surgery to elucidate the ultrasonic findings and to establish criteria for the best treatment.
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Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Pólipos/diagnóstico , Pólipos/cirurgia , Adulto , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pólipos/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The Authors report a clinical case of mammary phyllodes tumor recurrence; characterized by the histological transformation of the recurrence respect to primary tumor. PT are 0.3-1% of all mammary neoplasia. They are classified with Tavassoli's criteria (1999). The surgical treatment of PT is the wide excision (WE). Local recurrences are detected in about 20% of patients undergone to surgery. Surgical therapy of recurrences depends on the histological grade of primary lesion. Authors believe it is necessary to perform simple mastectomy when high grade PT recurrences are detected and when histological transformation of the lesion changes from low grade to high grade.
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Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Tumor Filoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Tumor Filoide/patologiaRESUMO
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and dramatic soft-tissue; infection starting from the subcutaneous tissue, involving the fascia and the underlying muscle and causes necrosis and, suddenly, gangrene. Most frequently the necrotizing fasciitis is localized in anorectal or genitourinary region and in traumatized muscles. Its mortality rate is 20%. Predisposing factors for these infections have included advanced age, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, malnutrition, renal failure, immunosuppression and, primarily, diabetes mellitus. The infection is caused by a lot of gram +, gram -, and anaerobic bacteria that act synergistically. The early diagnosis, a correct chemotherapy, an aggressive surgical treatment of the necrotic area and hyperbaric oxygen treatment allow the patient's recovery, dramatically reducing the functional consequences. The Authors analyze retrospectively five cases of necrotizing fasciitis observed in the last two years (August 2001-August 2003) and stress clinical findings and surgical treatment.
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Fasciite Necrosante , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The intraoperative injury of the external branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) is a disregarded complication of thyroid surgery that becomes a serious one for particular professional groups. The Authors retrospectively evaluate 124 cases of total thyroidectomies performed by the same surgeon from 1999 to 2002. Clinically evaluated SLN lesions (hypomobility of the vocal cord) was registered in six patients (4.8%). Routine identification of SLN and meticulous dissection of the superior thyroid vessels must be the technical benchmark to avoid nerve injury, even if bulky disease, anatomic variations and previous surgery may increase the chance of nerve damaging.
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Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Laríngeo , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Nervos Laríngeos/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Deregulation of iron metabolism has been observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We have carried out a molecular analysis investigating the interaction between iron specific gene variants [transferrin (TF, P589S), hemochromatosis (HFE) C282Y and (H63D)], iron biochemical variables [iron, Tf, ceruloplasmin (Cp), Cp:Tf ratio and % of Tf saturation (% Tf-sat)] and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants in 139 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 27 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 78 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 139 healthy controls to investigate mechanisms of iron regulation or toxicity. No difference in genetic variant distributions between patients and controls was found in our Italian sample, but the stratification for the APOEε4 allele revealed that among the APOEε4 carriers was higher the frequency of those carriers of at least a mutated TF P589S allele. Decreased Tf in both AD and MCI and increased Cp:Tf ratio in AD vs. controls were detected. A multinomial logistic regression model revealed that increased iron and Cp:Tf ratio and being man instead of woman increased the risk of having PD, that increased values of Cp:Tf ratio corresponded to a 4-fold increase of the relative risk of having MCI, while higher Cp levels were protective for PD and MCI. Our study has some limitations: the small size of the samples, one ethnic group considered, the rarity of some alleles which prevent the statistical power of some genetic analysis. Even though they need confirmation in larger cohorts, our data suggest the hypothesis that deregulation of iron metabolism, in addition to other factors, has some effect on the PD disease risk.