RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was to analyze the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov through the prism of his outstanding polymathic abilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors examined the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov using the method of historiographical analysis, as well as the methods of synthesis and generalization. The study relies on research publications devoted to N.I. Pirogov's biography, as well as his epistolary and autobiographical works. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The scientific novelty of the research is that the biography of N. Pirogov is represented with refinements and additions based on his latest work "From the Diary of an Old Doctor". The authors analyzed the epistolary heritage of N. Pirogov, which served as a valuable biographical source. Given the anthropocentrism of the current stage of the existence of society and European civilization, the authors sought to "revive" the biography of N. Pirogov. In this regard, considerable attention is paid to his personal life. As a result, the article considers this outstanding personality in a new perspective, presenting the main stages of his scientific and medical activity.