Ergonomics in Latin America: background, trends and challenges.

This paper offers an introduction to ergonomics in Latin America through a brief overview of ergonomics practice in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It provides a short description of the history of ergonomics in each country, ergonomics teaching, its organisation through the ergonomics associations, and some highlights of the areas of interest, and examples of ergonomics practice.

The passing of the shift in aircraft maintenance - a task that produces deaths.

Maintenance tasks, especially in heavy maintenance, may not be completed in a single shift. Aircraft maintenance technicians often take work in progress by colleagues, and spend the incomplete work for a change of team. The need for accuracy and efficiency of information transfer in many cases, without having time to have a meeting to pass the service is a crucial aspect of maintenance work. The ideal shift change can occur normally before delivery and continues to proceed normally after delivery. Although a shift change create challenges for communication, they also offer opportunities to detect and correct errors, where the task of delivery is an opportunity to identify the problem and fix it. In this case, the task was done correctly the first round, however, a problem began when the second round took. One example is a case in which the first round have removed a defective part for replacement and let the component of aircraft at end of turn with problems. Instead of ordering and installation of an operational component, the second round was then reinstall the faulty component, not realizing he had information about the problem attached.

Embedded systems engineering for products and services design.

Systems engineering (SE) professionals strive to develop new techniques to enhance the value of contributions to multidisciplinary smart product design teams. Products and services designers challenge themselves to search beyond the traditional design concept of addressing the physical, social, and cognitive factors. This paper covers the application of embedded user-centered systems engineering design practices into work processes based on the ISO 13407 framework [20] to support smart systems and services design and development. As practitioners collaborate to investigate alternative smart product designs, they concentrate on creating valuable products which will enhance positive interaction. This paper capitalizes on the need to follow a user-centered SE approach to smart products design [4, 22]. Products and systems intelligence should embrace a positive approach to user-centered design while improving our understanding of usable value-adding, experience and extending our knowledge of what inspires others to design enjoyable services and products.

Expansão cirurgicamente assistida da maxila (RME) e da mandíbula (SMDO). Um novo olhar sob o prisma da distração osteogênica (DO) / Surgically assisted rapid expansion of the maxila (SRME) and of the mandible (SMDO). A new look under the prism of distraction osteogenesis

As deficiências transversais da maxila e da mandíbula são problemas clínicos comuns nas deformidades dentofaciais atendidas por ortodontistas e cirurgiões buco maxilo faciais. Na maxila, este problema é comumente tratado com a expansão ortopédica e na mandíbula com compensações dentárias, desgastes interproximais, ou extração para criar espaços no arco. A distração osteogênica (DO) surgiu como um novo conceito de tratar a deformidade usando o princípio biológico da tensão e estresse com o objetivo de criar tecidos ósseos e moles circundantes em quantidade suficiente para alinhar, de maneira ideal, os dentes nos maxilares, evitando compensações e extrações dentárias e/ou problemas periodontais. Esta abordagem cirúrgica é utilizada no tratamento das discrepâncias transversais da maxila e da mandíbula, através de expansão cirurgicamente assistida com a utilização de dispositivos intra-orais, podendo estes ser dento-muco, ósseo suportados ou híbridos. A abordagem orto-cirúrgica das discrepâncias transversais acarreta em uma resolução efetiva e estável, evitando-se a camuflagem e o comprometimento do resultado estético funcional final.

Maxillary and mandibular transvers deficiency are commonly found problems in patients with dentofacial deformities, they are seen both by orthodontist and maxilla facial surgeons. In the maxila correction is generally by orthopedic expansion, but in the mandible it is usually managed by dental compensations, extractions and interproximal reduction of tooth mass to create arch space. Distraction osteogenesis appeared as a new concept to treat the deformities using the biological principles of tension-stress to create enough bone and soft tissue to perfect align teeth in the arch avoiding extractions, compensations and periodontal problems. This surgical approach is used in the treatment of maxillary and mandibular transvers deficiencies, through surgically assisted expansion and the utilization of intra-oral tooth-bone, bone- born or hybrid appliances.