Dual lignin-derived polymeric system for peptone removal from simulated wastewater.

The long-term existence of peptone can breed a large number of bacteria and cause the eutrophication of municipal wastewater. Thus, removing peptone in the wastewater is a major challenge facing the current industry. This study used cationic and anionic lignin polymers, i.e., kraft lignin-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (cationic lignin polymer, CLP) and kraft lignin-acrylic acid (anionic lignin polymer, ALP), as flocculants to eliminate peptone from model wastewater in the single and dual component systems. The affinity of peptone for ALP or CLP was assessed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and vertical scan analyzer. Results illustrated that the adsorption effect of CLP for peptone was significantly superior to that of ALP owing to the stronger vital interaction between cationic polymer and peptone molecules. Based on destabilization and sedimentation analyses, introducing CLP triggered the preliminary flocculation of peptone via bridging action, as indicated by a considerable increment in the destabilization index (from 1.1 to 10.6). Moreover, peptone adsorbed more on the CLP coated surface than on the ALP coated one (14.8 vs 5.4 mg/m2), while ALP facilitated its further adsorption in the dual polymer system. This is because CLP adsorbed a part of peptone molecules on its surface. Then, ALP entrapped the unattached peptone onto the CLP coated surface through electrostatic interaction. Compared with the single polymer system, mixing ALP and CLP subsequently into the peptone solution in the dual system generated larger size aggregates (mean diameter of 6.1 µm) and made the system destabilization (Turbiscan stability index up to 58.1), thereby yielding more flocculation and sedimentation. Finally, peptone was removed successfully from simulated wastewater with a turbidity removal efficiency of 92.5%. These findings confirmed that the dual-component system containing two lignin-derived polymers with opposite charges could be viable for treating peptone wastewater.

Improving wet and dry strength properties of recycled old corrugated carton (OCC) pulp using various polymers.

In this study, the application of different dosages of low and high molecular weights (MW) of chitosan (Ch), cationic starch (CS) and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) were systematically investigated using old corrugated carton (OCC) furnishes. Various sequences of above-mentioned polymeric additives were also examined to find out the optimal combination for improving both wet and dry tensile strength. For each treatment, 4 handsheets, each having basis weight of 100 g/m(2), were made. In general, the tensile strength of handsheets was significantly affected by the addition of polymeric agents. The enhancing effect of additives on dry tensile property was much higher than wet condition. The results also showed that the tensile strength of the samples made from OCC furnishes were improved upon the addition of high molecular weight chitosan (ChI) compared to the untreated ones (control). The low MW chitosan did not change the properties of handsheets dramatically. Application of polymeric agents moderately decreased the stretch to rupture, however with increasing dosage the stretch was improved. Sequential addition of used polymers showed that triple application of polymers was beneficial to both dry and wet tensile strength, although the effect was larger for dry. The best results in wet and dry tensile strengths were achieved using sequential of PVA-ChI-CS. Sequential addition of oppositely charged polymers forms a macromolecular layered structure of polyelectrolytes.