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1.
Chaos ; 34(5)2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38805322

RESUMO

The advection of passive scalars in time-independent two-dimensional incompressible fluid flows is an integrable Hamiltonian system. It becomes non-integrable if the corresponding stream function depends explicitly on time, allowing the possibility of chaotic advection of particles. We consider for a specific model (double gyre flow), a given number of exits through which advected particles can leak, without disturbing the flow itself. We investigate fractal escape basins in this problem and characterize fractality by computing the uncertainty exponent and basin entropy. Furthermore, we observe the presence of basin boundaries with points exhibiting the Wada property, i.e., boundary points that separate three or more escape basins.

2.
CNS Spectr ; 28(3): 300-312, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35477853

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to perform a systematic review evaluating the cognitive performance of patients with hoarding disorder (HD) compared with controls. We hypothesized that HD patients would present greater cognitive impairment than controls. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and LILACS was conducted on May 2020, with no date limit. The search terms were "hoarding disorder," "cognition," "neuropsychology," "cognitive impairment," and "cognitive deficit." We included original studies assessing cognitive functioning in patients with HD. RESULTS: We retrieved 197 studies initially. Of those, 22 studies were included in the present study. We evaluated 1757 patients who were 41 to 72 years old. All selected studies comprised case-control studies and presented fair quality. Contrary to our hypothesis, HD patients showed impairment only in categorization skills in comparison with controls, particularly at confidence to complete categorization tasks. Regarding attention, episodic memory, working memory, information-processing speed, planning, decision-making, inhibitory control, mental flexibility, language, and visuospatial ability, HD patients did not show impairment when compared with controls. There is a paucity of studies on social cognition in HD patients, although they may show deficits. The impact of emotion in cognition is also understudied in HD patients. CONCLUSION: Except for categorization skills, the cognitive performance in HD patients does not seem to be impaired when compared with that in controls. Further work is needed to explore social cognition and the impact of emotion in cognitive performance in HD patients.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Transtorno de Acumulação , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Transtorno de Acumulação/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Cognição
3.
Entropy (Basel) ; 25(8)2023 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37628172

RESUMO

We consider open non-twist Hamiltonian systems represented by an area-preserving two-dimensional map describing incompressible planar flows in the reference frame of a propagating wave, and possessing exits through which map orbits can escape. The corresponding escape basins have a fractal nature that can be revealed by the so-called basin entropy, a novel concept developed to quantify final-state uncertainty in dynamical systems. Since the map considered violates locally the twist condition, there is a shearless barrier that prevents global chaotic transport. In this paper, we show that it is possible to determine the shearless barrier breakup by considering the variation in the escape basin entropy with a tunable parameter.

4.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc ; 26(2): 163-171, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31543087

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive tests of inhibitory control show variable results for the differential diagnosis between behavioural variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared the diagnostic accuracies of tests of inhibitory control and of a behavioural questionnaire, to distinguish bvFTD from AD. METHODS: Three groups of participants were enrolled: 27 bvFTD patients, 25 AD patients, and 24 healthy controls. Groups were matched for gender, education, and socio-economic level. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of inhibitory control, including Hayling Test, Stroop, the Five Digits Test (FDT) and the Delay Discounting Task (DDT). Caregivers completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th version (BIS-11). RESULTS: bvFTD and AD groups showed no difference in the tasks of inhibitory control, while the caregiver questionnaire revealed that bvFTD patients were significantly more impulsive (BIS-11: bvFTD 76.1+9.5, AD 62.9+13, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychological tests of inhibitory control failed to distinguish bvFTD from AD. On the contrary, impulsivity caregiver-completed questionnaire provided good distinction between bvFTD and AD. These results highlight the current limits of cognitive measures of inhibitory control for the differential diagnosis between bvFTD and AD, whereas questionnaire information appears more reliable and in line with clinical diagnostics.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Desvalorização pelo Atraso/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Demência Frontotemporal/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Feminino , Demência Frontotemporal/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos
5.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord ; 32(3): 220-225, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29438114

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Few studies on instruments for staging frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity of the Brazilian version of the Frontotemporal Dementia Rating Scale (FTD-FRS). METHODS: A total of 97 individuals aged 40 years and above with >2 years' education took part in the study, 31 patients diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 8 patients with primary progressive aphasia, 28 with Alzheimer disease, 8 with mild cognitive impairment, and a control group of 22 healthy subjects. The FTD-FRS was completed by family members or caregivers, and Neurologists completed the 8-item Clinical Dementia Rating for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (CDR-FTLD) scale (6 original domains plus Language and Behavior). The Alzheimer disease and FTD patients had equivalent disease severity level. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the FTD-FRS, estimated by Cronbach α, was 0.975 whereas test-retest reliability was 0.977. Scree plot and exploratory factor (Varimax rotation) analyses revealed the existence of 4 factors, with eigenvalues >1, which together explained 77.13% of the total variance with values of 1.28 to 17.52. The domains of the Brazilian version of the FTD-FRS scale correlated with the domains of the CDR-FTLD. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to document the factorial structure of the FTD-FRS and its convergent validity with the CDR-FTLD. These tools are key to determine dementia severity in FTD. The Brazilian FTD-FRS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for use in Brazil. This instrument may contribute to disease staging in FTD and may help to document intervention-related changes.


Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Demência Frontotemporal/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometria/normas , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Afasia Primária Progressiva/diagnóstico , Brasil , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
8.
IBRO Neurosci Rep ; 14: 264-272, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36926592

RESUMO

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, it can be associated with circadian rhythms, aging and neuroprotection. Melatonin levels are decreased in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) patients, which suggests a relationship between the melatonergic system and sAD. Melatonin may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, TAU protein hyperphosphorylation, and the formation of ß-amyloid (Aß) aggregates. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the impact of treatment with 10 mg/kg of melatonin (i.p) in the animal model of sAD induced by the intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of 3 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). ICV-STZ causes changes in the brain of rats similar to those found in patients with sAD. These changes include; progressive memory decline, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, disturbances in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and even reactive astrogliosis characterized by the upregulation of glucose levels and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The results show that ICV-STZ caused short-term spatial memory impairment in rats after 30 days of STZ infusion without locomotor impairment which was evaluated on day 27 post-injury. Furthermore, we observed that a prolonged 30-day treatment with melatonin can improve the cognitive impairment of animals in the Y-maze test, but not in the object location test. Finally, we demonstrated that animals receiving ICV-STZ have high levels of Aß and GFAP in the hippocampus and that treatment with melatonin reduces Aß levels but does not reduce GFAP levels, concluding that melatonin may be useful to control the progression of amyloid pathology in the brain.

9.
Brain Res ; 1799: 148175, 2023 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36436686

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of multifactorial origin, and still presents several gaps regarding its development and progression. Disorders of the cholinergic system are well known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, characterized by increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and decreased acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities. Late onset AD (LOAD) animal model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) showed promising results in this context, due to the similarity with the pathophysiology of human LOAD. Thus, this study aimed to assess the long-term effects of icv-STZ on the cholinergic system, through the measuring of AChE and BChE enzymatic activities in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and liver of animals euthanized 30 and 120-days after the icv-STZ. Regarding the cholinergic response to icv-STZ, the 30-days and 120-days STZ-induced rats exhibit decreased AChE and BChE activities only in the hippocampus. The cognitive deficit was more consistent in the 30-days post icv-STZ animals, as was the weight loss. This is the first study to investigate the long-term effects (more than 60 days) of the icv-STZ on AChE and BChE activities, and our results, as well as those of a recent study, suggest that the cholinergic system may not be compromised by icv-STZ, at least in the long term, which means that this model may not be the best model for studying the cholinergic system in AD or that it is informative only for a short period.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Ratos , Humanos , Animais , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Estreptozocina/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Butirilcolinesterase , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Colinérgicos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37856362

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There are scarce data comparing Parkinson's disease (PD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) in social cognition (SC). We aimed to compare patients with PSP and PD in SC. METHODS: We included three groups: PD (n = 18), PSP (n = 20) and controls (n = 23). Participants underwent neuropsychological exams, including the mini-version of the Social and Emotional Assessment, which is composed of the facial emotion recognition test (FERT) and the modified faux-pas (mFP) test, which assesses Theory of Mind (ToM). RESULTS: Patients with PD scored lower than controls in the FERT, but not in the mFP test. Patients with PSP performed worse than controls in both the mFP and FERT. PD and PSP groups did not differ in the FERT, but PSP performed worse than PD in the mFP test. The mFP test distinguished PSP from PD with 89% accuracy. CONCLUSION: The assessment of ToM may contribute to the differentiation between PD and PSP.

11.
Neurotox Res ; 40(5): 1440-1454, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36029454

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifested by a gradual cognitive decline. Intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of streptozotocin (STZ), a model of sporadic AD (sAD), shows many aspects of sAD abnormalities (i.e., neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation), resulting in memory impairment. Andrographolide (ANDRO), a natural diterpene lactone, has numerous bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies in rodents revealed that ANDRO has neuroprotective properties and restores cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ANDRO in the ICV-STZ model relative to short-term spatial memory (object location test (OLT) and Y maze test), short-term recognition memory (object recognition test (ORT)), locomotor activity (open field test (OFT)), expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and activation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression) and microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Wistar rats were injected ICV with STZ (3 mg/kg) or vehicle and treated with ANDRO (2 mg/kg, i.p.; three times per week). After four weeks, ANDRO attenuated the impairments of the Y maze and ORT performances, and the increase of astrocyte activation in the PFC induced by the ICV-STZ model. In addition, ANDRO decreased the number of activated microglia cells in the HIP of STZ-injected rats. The APP expression was not altered, neither by the STZ nor ANDRO. ANDRO showed a beneficial effect on memory impairment and neuroinflammation in the STZ model of AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Diterpenos , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cálcio , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Diterpenos/uso terapêutico , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida , Lactonas/efeitos adversos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Agregados Proteicos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina/toxicidade
12.
J Clin Neurosci ; 93: 92-95, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34656268

RESUMO

Irisin is a recently discovered adipomyokine involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid, which also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Here we aimed to compare irisin peripheral levels between individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and cognitively healthy matched controls, in addition to investigating whether there is a correlation between irisin and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF) concentrations. Twenty-nine individuals participated in this study, being 18 patients with probable bvFTD and 11 controls. Irisin, IL-6 and TNF levels were measured in EDTA plasma through ELISA. There was no difference of the levels of irisin between the groups (p = 0.964). However, in the bvFTD, but not in control group, the levels of irisin were positively correlated with the concentration of IL-6 (r = 0.637, p = 0.006) and TNF (r = 0.517, p = 0.034). The results suggest that the production of irisin in bvFTD could be related to chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative states in these patients.


Assuntos
Demência Frontotemporal , Biomarcadores , Citocinas , Humanos
13.
Transl Psychiatry ; 11(1): 251, 2021 04 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33911072

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with memory impairment and altered peripheral metabolism. Mounting evidence indicates that abnormal signaling in a brain-periphery metabolic axis plays a role in AD pathophysiology. The activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in the brain, including the interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway, comprises a potential point of convergence between memory dysfunction and metabolic alterations in AD that remains to be better explored. Using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we observed signs of probable inflammation in the hypothalamus and in the hippocampus of AD patients when compared to cognitively healthy control subjects. Pathological examination of post-mortem AD hypothalamus revealed the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and tangle-like structures, as well as parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposits surrounded by astrocytes. T2 hyperintensities on MRI positively correlated with plasma IL-6, and both correlated inversely with cognitive performance and hypothalamic/hippocampal volumes in AD patients. Increased IL-6 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were observed in post-mortem AD brains. Moreover, activation of the IL-6 pathway was observed in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of AD mice. Neutralization of IL-6 and inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the brains of AD mouse models alleviated memory impairment and peripheral glucose intolerance, and normalized plasma IL-6 levels. Collectively, these results point to IL-6 as a link between cognitive impairment and peripheral metabolic alterations in AD. Targeting pro-inflammatory IL-6 signaling may be a strategy to alleviate memory impairment and metabolic alterations in the disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6 , Camundongos , Placa Amiloide
14.
Mov Disord ; 25(6): 731-7, 2010 Apr 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20175202

RESUMO

The main diagnostic criteria of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal degeneration (bvFTD) include neurobehavioral and dysexecutive syndromes, but not specific gait characteristics although strong relationship between gait and prefrontal functions are increasingly recognized. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that patients with bvFTD would have more gait changes than older healthy controls and demented patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sixty subjects were included in the study: 19 with bvFTD, 19 with AD and 22 healthy controls. Mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) of stride time while just walking (i.e., single tasking) and while walking with backward counting (i.e., dual tasking) were measured using the SMTEC-footswitch system. Stride time, mean value, and CV were significantly increased in both patient groups compared with healthy controls during single task or walking alone (P < 0.001) and during dual tasking (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, Mini-mental examination, psychoactive drugs, gender, and history of previous fall, only the patients with bvFTD group was associated with an increase of CV of stride time during single walking (P < 0.001) and dual tasking (P < 0.001). These data suggest that gait instability during single and dual tasking could represent a supportive argument for bvFTD. In clinical practice, such a diagnosis should be at least considered in any demented patient with gait instability.


Assuntos
Demência Frontotemporal/complicações , Demência Frontotemporal/diagnóstico , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Avaliação da Deficiência , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Estatísticos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia
16.
BMC Neurol ; 10: 68, 2010 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20698982

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), there is a progressive impairment of high-level visual functions and parietal damage, which might predict the occurrence of visual neglect. However, neglect may pass undetected if not assessed with specific tests, and might therefore be underestimated in PCA. In this prospective study, we aimed at establishing the side, the frequency and the severity of visual neglect, visual extinction, and primary visual field defects in an unselected sample of PCA patients. METHODS: Twenty-four right-handed PCA patients underwent a standardized battery of neglect tests. Visual fields were examined clinically by the confrontation method. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 24 patients (66%) had signs of visual neglect on at least one test, and fourteen (58%) also had visual extinction or hemianopia. Five patients (21%) had neither neglect nor visual field defects. As expected, left-sided neglect was more severe than right-sided neglect. However, right-sided neglect resulted more frequently in this population (29%) than in previous studies on focal brain lesions. CONCLUSION: When assessed with specific visuospatial tests, visual neglect is frequent in patients with PCA. Diagnosis of neglect is important because of its negative impact on daily activities. Clinicians should consider the routine use of neglect tests to screen patients with high-level visual deficits. The relatively high frequency of right-sided neglect in neurodegenerative patients supports the hypothesis that bilateral brain damage is necessary for right-sided neglect signs to occur, perhaps because of the presence in the right hemisphere of crucial structures whose damage contributes to neglect.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/complicações , Transtornos da Percepção/complicações , Percepção Visual , Idoso , Atrofia , Encéfalo/patologia , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Encefalopatias/patologia , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Transtornos da Percepção/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Percepção/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Percepção Espacial , Testes Visuais
17.
J Alzheimers Dis Rep ; 4(1): 353-363, 2020 Sep 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33163896

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been studied that nutrition can influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression. Some studies on rodents using intraventricular streptozotocin (STZ) injection showed that this toxin changes cerebral glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a nutritional formulation could reduce cognitive impairment in STZ-induced animals. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham and STZ. The STZ group received a single bilateral STZ-ICV injection (1 mg/kg). The sham group received a bilateral ICV injection of 0.9% saline solution. The animals were treated with AZ1 formulation (Instanth® NEO, Prodiet Medical Nutrition) (1 g/kg, PO) or its vehicle (saline solution) for 30 days, once a day starting one day after the stereotaxic surgery (n = 6-10). The rats were evaluated using the open field test to evaluate locomotor activity at day 27 after surgery. Cognitive performance was evaluated at day 28 using the object recognition test and the spatial version of the Y-maze test. At day 30, the rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p) and euthanized in order to evaluate IBA1 in the hippocampus. The differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's or Kruskal Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc test. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: STZ-lesioned rats present memory impairment besides the increased microglial activation. The treatment with AZ1 formulation reversed the memory impairment observed in the object recognition test and Y-maze and also reduced IBA1 in CA1 and DG.

18.
Respir Care ; 65(5): 636-642, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31992668

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prolonged ventilatory weaning may expose patients to unnecessary discomfort, increase the risk of complications, and raise the costs of hospital treatment. In this scenario, indexes that reliably predict successful liberation can be helpful. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the timed inspiratory effort index as a weaning predictor. METHODS: This prospective observational study included subjects judged as able to start liberation from mechanical ventilation. For the intra-observer analysis, the same investigator performed 2 measurements in each selected patient with an interval of 30 min a rest. For interobserver analysis, 2 measurements were obtained in another sample of subjects, also with an interval of 30 min rest, but each of one performed by a different investigator. The Bland-Altman diagram, the coefficient concordance of kappa, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to compare the measurements. The performance of the timed inspiratory effort index was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves. Values of P < .05 were considered significant. RESULTS: We selected 113 subjects (43 males; mean ± SD age, 77 ± 14 y). Fifty-six (49.6%) achieved successful liberation, and 33 (29%) died in the ICU. The mean ± SD duration of mechanical ventilation was 14.4 ± 6.7 d. The Bland-Altman diagrams that addressed intra- and interobservers agreement showed low variability between measurements. Values of the concordance coefficients of kappa were 0.82 (0.68-0.95) and 0.80 (0.65-0.94), and of the linear correlation coefficients, 0.86 (0.77-0.91) and 0.89 (0.82-0.93) for the intra- and interobservers measurements, respectively. The mean ± SD values for the area under the curve for each pair of the intra- and interobserver measurements were 0.96 ± 0.07 versus 0.94 ± 0.07 (P = .41) and 0.94 ± 0.05 versus 0.90 ± 0.07 (P = .14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The variability of the measurement of the timed inspiratory effort index by intra- and interobservers showed very high reproducibility, which reinforced the index as a sensible, accurate, and reliable outcome predictor of liberation from mechanical ventilation.


Assuntos
Inalação/fisiologia , Desmame do Respirador/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Respiração Artificial , Fatores de Tempo
19.
J Neuroimmunol ; 336: 577027, 2019 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31472398

RESUMO

Recently, we have shown that microparticles (MPs) levels derived from leukocytes (LMPs), endothelium (EMPs), neurons (NMPs) and those expressing tissue factor (TFMPs) were higher in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients when compared to cognitively healthy subjects. Therefore, in this study we proposed to investigate the correlation between MPs levels, cognitive performance and functional status in a sample of elderly individuals. We evaluated MPs derived from platelets (PMPs), LMPs, EMPs, NMPs and TFMPs in 43 participants, of whom 12 with probable dementia due to AD, 16 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 15 with no objective cognitive or functional impairment. PMPs, LMPs and TFMPs, were associated with cognitive impairment in this population. LMPs and NMP, were associated to lower functional performance in the elderly sample. These results suggest that MPs may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/metabolismo , Cognição/fisiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Demência/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
20.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 70(8): 1059-1068, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29766510

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the drug saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is utilized for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, has neuroprotective effects in the animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (weighing 280-300 g) received a bilateral infusion of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra. Twenty-four hours later, they were treated with saxagliptin (1 mg/kg, p.o) once daily, for 21 days. The motor function was evaluated using the open field and rotarod (RT) tests. In addition, cognition was assessed with the novel object recognition test (ORT). After the evaluation of the behavioural tests, the animals were transcardially perfused to perform immunohistochemistry staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). KEY FINDINGS: Saxagliptin impaired the memory of animals in the sham group. CONCLUSIONS: Saxagliptin treatment did not exhibit neuroprotection and it did not improve the cognitive and motor deficits in the 6-OHDA model of PD. Interestingly, when saxagliptin was administered to the sham animals, a cognitive decline was observed. Therefore, this drug should be investigated as a possible treatment for PTSD.


Assuntos
Adamantano/análogos & derivados , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dipeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/tratamento farmacológico , Adamantano/administração & dosagem , Adamantano/uso terapêutico , Animais , Dipeptídeos/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/patologia , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Oxidopamina , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/patologia , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/fisiopatologia , Ratos Wistar , Resultado do Tratamento
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