[Nutriome as the direction of the "main blow": determination of physiological needs in macro- and micronutrients, minor biologically active substances].

One of the essential parts of fundamental research in Nutrition Science is the determination of the physiological requirements of humans for energy and food substances. Research that has been carried out in this area over the past 90 years, consistently develops and improves the norms of physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation. In the 50 years of the last century in this research field, determining the values of daily intake for macronutrients (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates), was in the first place. Then the Era of micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, trace elements) was started, and, finally, now there is the Era of minor food biologically active substances. More and more facts are accumulating about their leading role in regulating metabolism. They can be recognized as endogenous regulators, the primary vital components involved in the formation of human health. In recent years, the new definition of Nutriome is introduced into Nutrition Science. It is considered as a set of essential nutritional factors to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between human being and the environment, aimed to ensure viability, the preservation and reproduction of the species, keeping the adaptive capacity, the system of antioxidant defence, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune system function. The Nutriome is a formula for optimal nutrition, which is continually being improved and supplemented. Knowledge of this formula is the key to forming an optimal diet for a person, and, therefore, to save their health. It is evident that at the population level, the Nutriome has its characteristics, its structure for each age period of human life. The need to develop a formula for optimal nutrition and, consequently, updating nutrient-based dietary guidelines is induced by socio-economic and demographic changes in population, changes in anthropometric characteristics of children and adults, increasing prevalence of socially significant non-communicable diseases, developing studies of the significance of particular food substances and establishing the relationship between nutrition and health.

[Actual sanitary, epidemiological and hygienic aspects of a dietitian's activities in stationary medical institutions].

The article shows the relevance of the main areas of dietitians' training to sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic issues of organization of clinical nutrition in stationary medical institutions (MIs) at training and refresher courses on dietetics. The attention is focused on the new legislative, policy and regulatory instruments, sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements, providing high quality, safety and efficacy of nutritional therapy in MIs. The role of dietitian in the organization of clinical nutrition is highlighted. There were set out rights and responsibilities of a dietitian as a representative of MI under inspections by Rospotrebnadzor bodies; the demands, put forward by these bodies to the tested object, and actions, taken by them.

[Regulation of food supplements in the European Union and its member states. Part I].

The article discusses aspects of the regional (the European Union) and national (European countries) regulation of food supplements. The definition of the supplement category is given. The contemporary issues of nutrition in developed countries are discussed, and the essential role of food supplements in the diet is emphasized. In particular, the use of vitamins, minerals, botanicals and their chemical constituents in food supplements as well as the issue of setting maximum daily limits are discussed. The positive lists of vitamins, minerals and their chemical modifications are presented. The paper also outlines aspects of supplement safety, requirements for their labelling and pre-market notification procedure.

[Actual aspects of state control of dietary, clinical and prophylactic nutrition in health care organizations].

A review is aimed to help professionals, who provide state sanitary control of dietary (clinical and prophylactic) nutrition in health care organizations. Taking into account the new modern legislative framework and the scientific and practical publications, the basic requirements for standardization, harmonization and individualization (personalization) of nutritional therapy and monitoring of their implementation in health care organizations by state sanitary authorities has been set out. The attention is focused on the optimization of clinical nutrition, as well as the methods of assessment of balance and nutritive value of the standard diets, their proper correction with dry protein composite blends and other specialized products of dietary clinical and prophylactic nutrition, including foods fortified with dietary and biologically active substances and food supplements (nutraceuticals). The paper describes ways to improve the organization of state sanitary and dietary nutritional care in health care organizations, outlines priority issues to be addressed to improve the nutritional care.

[Regulation of food supplements in the European Union and its member states. Part 2].

The article discusses various aspects of the regional (the European Union) and national (European countries) regulation related to food supplements. The use of botanicals and minor bioactive substances in food supplements, and their labelling are studied. The EU principle of mutual recognition is described in the context of current challenges that exist in the regulatory harmonisation between the EU member states. The concept of novel foods and novel ingredients is also presented, and the procedure of their pre-market approval is described in detail. Basic principles of using claims for food supplements are also outlined.

[Priorities in the development of specialized food products with optimized composition for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

The medical and biological rationale for the use of food ingredients in the development of specialized food products with optimized composition for patients with type 2 diabetes is given in the review. It is shown that the key aspects of the development of specialized foods for patients with type 2 diabetes are meeting the physiological needs of the patient in nutrients and biologically active substances, providing favorable metabolic effects of functional ingredients included in the product, maintaining the traditional quality of the enriched product, adjustment of the product composition in order to mitigate the possible changes caused by the introduction of functional ingredients.

[The practice of using biologically active food supplements in foreign countries (for example of the United States of America)].

The traffic analysis of biologically active food supplements on market in the United States of America is given. Existing law of the United States of America governing traffic of these supplements is indicated.

[Sanitary and epidemiological examination of foods under carrying sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the customer border and at in the territory of the Customers Union].

The article concerns peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic examination of foods under carrying of sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance on the customer border and of the custom territory of the Customers Union of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Byelorussia.

[Beer: benefit or harm. Looking hygienist].

The presentation contemporary look of hygienist on consumption beer-low alcohol drink.

[Composite phytoadaptogens in oncology and gerontology].

The article describes results of research devoted to Phytomix-40, a mixture of plant adaptogens. It focuses on immunobiological criteria for its formulation, chemical composition and manufacture procedures, biological standartization tests, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, clinical trials in patients with non-malignant tumours (benign prostatic hyperplasia), precancer (oral leukoplakia), advanced cancer (malignant gastric cancer), and age-related neurodegenerative disease (parkinsonism). Prospects for the development of other plant preparations for non-toxic prevention and treatment of cancer and prolongation of life span of the affected subjects are discussed.

[Food supplements: modern approaches to quality and safety].

A normative and legislative base of food supplements turnover in Russia in described in the article.

[Preconditions and factors in implementation of regional policy in the field of healthy nutrition in Russia].

The article sheds light on problems of farming and full realization of regional programs of healthy nutrition of the population.

[Status and prospects of development of legislative base for food supplements turnover in some countries].

The articles contains the results of modern legislative base, regulating food supplements turnover in the USA, some European contries, as well as passed by European Parliament.

[Implementation of state policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building up regional policy and regional programms. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 1].

Recommendations on development and implementation of regional policy and programs in the of healthy nutrition of the population are presented.

[Implementation of State Policy in healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation on the regional level: building-up regional policy and programs. Methodical aspects of development and implementation. Part 2. Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population].

Recommendations were made development and realization of regional policy and programs in the healthy nutrition of the population.

[Validation, development and biomedical evaluation of new food products for common and special use]. / Obosnovanie, razrabotka i mediko-biologicheskaia otsenka novykh produktov massovogo, lechbnogo i spetsial'nogo naznacheniia.

Low level of provision of various population groups with animal proteins, poor choice of foodstuffs for common and dietetic use, inefficiency of meat and milk processing, loss of foodstuff quality as a result of industrial production determine the range of priority problems to be solved by specialists in nutrition hygiene. One of the main and most rapid approaches to solution of these problems is more rational utilization of the foodstuff potential created in the country for nutrition, but the chemical, sensory, and organoleptic properties of the manufactured foodstuffs do not always ensure their high biological value. Department of Hygiene of Nutrition, I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy, for many years has been engaged in development of biomedical rationale for effective use of raw material and processing protocols for preparation of common and dietetic food for various population groups. Special attention was paid to the effects of food-stuffs prepared by new technologies and recipes on metabolism. The most important results are summed up in this review.

[Changes in the duodenal glands with a modification of the diet (a histochemical study using lectins)]. / Izmeneniia duodenal'nykh zhelez pri modifikatsii ratsiona (gistokhimicheskoe issledovanie s ispol'zovaniem lektinov).

A set of lectins with different carbohydrate specificities were used for a histochemical analysis of the duodenal glands of rats which had different food rations during 3 months. Lectin receptors in glandulocytes of the duodenum had different spectra under different food regimens: protein diets of the animals correlated with the accumulation of glycopolymers in the glandular epithelium with the terminal residues of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-fucose, higher content of cellulose in food was followed by reduction of fucosoglycans in combination with accumulation of mannose-containing glycopolymers. The regular specific features found point to quantitative and qualitative changes to the formed secretion of the duodenal glands under the influence of changing conditions of nutrition.

[Biologically active food supplements. Report 1]. / Biologicheski aktivnye dobavki k pishche. Soobshchenie 1.

In article we would like to remind once of what each of the food supplement consumer should know. Food supplement is not a medicine, you can treat no illness with it. But at the same time we should understand, that it is impossible to live without them, as well as it impossible to live without food or the air. It is important to deepen one's knowledge of food supplements: what they consist of, which of them are health-giving and which are not.

[The effect of dietary calcium on the level of body adaptation under conditions of cesium-137 and lead loading]. / Vliianie alimentarnogo kal'tsiia na uroven' adaptatsii organizma v usloviiakh nagruzki tseziem-137 i svintsom.

Effect of level of dietary calcium on body adaptation to radionuclides and lead exposure was studied in experiments with rats. Effectivity of adaptation was evaluated by analysis of accumulation and elimination of xenobiotics and antioxidant activity of liver tissue and erythrocytes. Low and normal levels of calcium in diet of rats do not provide for long-term adaptation to exposure of Ce-137 and Pb. The diet enriched by calcium caused a significant protective-adaptation effect on stages of accumulation and biotransformation of xenobiotics.

[Biologically active food supplements: legislative and regulator basis. Report 2]. / Biologicheski aktivnye dobavki k pishche: zakonodatel'naia i normativnaia baza. Soobshchenie 2.

The article presents the history of food supplements' origin. The main requirements to them are given an account of the main legislative and normative documents, regulating the composition and considered as an important instrument for improving the structure and quality of nutrition of the population.