Detection of human platelets antigen polymorphism (HPA-1 and HPA-3) and human factor XIII mutation in Sudanese women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent pregnancy Loss (RPL) is common problem affecting many couples. A certain genetic variants link to increase the danger of this condition particularly HPA-1, HPA-3 and Human Factor XIII Val34Leu Mutation. The present study aims to find an association between RPL and the Factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism, as well as HPA-1 and HPA-3 in Sudanese women with RPL. METHODS: This case-control study conducted between June 2022 and December 2022 included 216 women, with 103 cases having minimum three abortions in the past, and 113 healthy controls with at least two full-term births and no abortion history. DNA was isolated from whole blood and the status of three genetic polymorphisms (HPA-1, HPA-3, and factor XIII) was done using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was analysed using the SPSS version 24 software. RESULTS: The A/A genotype was found to be more prevalent in cases (79.6%) and controls (96.5%) regarding HPA-1. A significant difference was observed in overall allele frequency for B allele (97.0%) and expected frequency of A allele was (81.1%) using the Hardy-Weinberg distribution (p < 0.001). The genotype A/A was most common in these patients (90.3%) and controls (100%), while B/B genotype was only (9.7%) in patients regarding HPA-3. Furthermore, the frequency of Val/Val genotype was higher in cases (88.3%) as compared with controls (90.3%). The risk of RPL in patients was nearly the same in Val/Leu individuals and controls group but all these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a link between Human Platelet Antigen-1 (HPA-1), Human Platelet Antigen-3 (HPA-3) and Factor XIII gene polymorphism with RPL.

Impact of Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus on Blood Cells Indices and Plasma Components in Patients Without Nephropathy.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Diabetes mellitus (DM) the most prevalent consequences are diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular illnesses, erectile dysfunctions, stroke and cardiovascular difficulties. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on blood cells' indices and plasma components. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This is a prospective cross-sectional study. The research was carried out at the King Fahad Medical Center in Riyadh, in duration from February, 2023 to May, 2023, in the interest of healthcare consumers attending the hematology laboratory for routine investigations. Sixty samples were collected and complete blood count, lipid profile, HbA1c and blood glucose for blood samples. <b>Results:</b> In this study, females accounted for 53.3% of the participants, while males accounted for 46.7%. In terms of age distribution, more than 55 years old accounted for 50% of the study's participants. A significant correlation has been found between HbA1c and red blood cell Mean Cell Volume (MCV) and there was a significant association between the high level of HbA1c and the red blood count. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma components and HbA1c. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a remarkable effect of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and RBCs count and erythrocyte MCV.

Detection of Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR C677T) Mutation among Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Sudanese Patients.

Background: A genetic polymorphism that causes abnormal folate metabolism may lead to genomic instability and increase susceptibility to malignancies such as Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of this research is to identify methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) (NCBI ID: 4524) mutation in ALL patients. Methods: The study was a descriptive case-control hospital-based study with one hundred Sudanese participants divided equally into fifty (50) Sudanese ALL diagnosed patients as cases and fifty (50) Sudanese individuals as controls. The MTHFR C677T mutant allele was detected using conventional PCR, with the primer sequence of MTHFR C677T F-TGAAGGAAGGTGTCTGCGGGA R-AGGACGGTGCGGTGAGAGTG. The study was conducted from January to March 2023, and samples were collected from the Radiation and Isotops Center at Khartoum Hospital. Results: The investigation revealed that 12 of the 50 patients in the case group (24%) had the MTHFR C677T mutant allele, and the study also revealed that there is significant correlation with the control group. There is no significant relationship between socio-demographic variables and MTHFR mutation detection in ALL patients. Also, the sociodemographic variables predictors of MTHFR mutation among ALL patients adjusted for smoking habit revealed no significant relationship. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the mutant allele of the Methylene Tetra Hydro Folate Reductase C677T was detected and demonstrated varying degrees of significance. It was concluded that the MTHFR C677T gene mutation was associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Sudanese patients.

The Role of Myrrh Metabolites in Cancer, Inflammation, and Wound Healing: Prospects for a Multi-Targeted Drug Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Myrrh extract is a well-known medicinal plant with significant therapeutic benefits attributed to the activity of its diverse metabolites. It has promising activity against cancer and inflammatory diseases, and could serve as a potential therapeutic alternative since most therapeutic agents have severe side effects that impair quality of life. METHOD: The current study identified the active metabolites from the myrrh resin methanolic extract. Then, the extracts were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity using cancer cell lines and Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1 (Thp-1)-like macrophage cell lines. Furthermore, using an in vivo rat model, the extracts' anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity was investigated. In addition, in silico predictions of the myrrh constituents highlighted the pharmacokinetic properties, molecular targets, and safety profile, including cytochrome P 450 (CYP) inhibition and organ toxicity. RESULTS: Nine secondary metabolites were identified, and computational predictions suggested a good absorption profile, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. The myrrh extract had moderate cytotoxic activity against both HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines and the KAIMRC1 breast cancer cell line. Myrrh caused a dose-dependent effect on macrophages to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promote their polarization to classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) phenotypes, and consequently induce apoptosis, highlighting its ability to modulate macrophage function, which could potentially aid in several desired therapeutic processes, including the resolution of inflammation, and autophagy which is an important aspect to consider in cancer treatment. The topical application of myrrh improved wound healing, with no delayed inflammatory response, and promoted complete re-epithelization of the skin, similar to the positive control. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the methanolic extract of myrrh having cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and anti-inflammatory wound-healing properties, which may be attributed to its role in modulating macrophage function. Furthermore, we suggest the active constituents responsible for these properties, which warrants further studies focusing on the precise roles of the active metabolites.

Metabolites Profiling, In Vitro, In Vivo, Computational Pharmacokinetics and Biological Predictions of Aloe perryi Resins Methanolic Extract.

BACKGROUND: Aloe perryi is a traditional herb that has various biological and pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, laxative, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects, which have not been deliberated before. The current investigation aims to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines in addition to in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Aloe perryi extract using a rat animal model. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive constituents and possible biological targets were assessed and evaluated. The methanolic extract of Aloe perryi was prepared by maceration, to tentatively identify the biomolecules of the Aloe perryi extract, analytical LC-QTOF-MS method was employed for Aloe perryi methanolic extract. The cytotoxic activity was examined in six cancer cell lines using Titer-Glo assay and the IC50s were calculated in addition to in silico target predictions and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity assessment. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of the identified active components of Aloe perryi were predicted using SwissADME, and target prediction using the Molinspiration webserver. The cytotoxic activity on HL60 and MDA-MB-231 was moderately affected by the Aloe perryi extract with IC50 of 63.81, and 89.85 µg/ml, respectively, with no activity on other cells lines. Moreover, the Aloe perryi extract exhibited a significant increase in wound contraction, hair growth, and complete re-epithelization when compared with the negative control. The pharmacokinetic properties of the bioactive constituents suggested a good pharmaceutical profile for the active compounds and nuclear receptors and enzymes were the two main possible targets for these active compounds. Our results demonstrated the promising activity of Aloe perryi extract with cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating a potential therapeutic utility of this plant in various disease conditions.

How Pectin Play a Role in Histological Changes by Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in the Ovary of Mice?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effects of pectin from the natural vitamins and herbs on the ovary of mice induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) leads to over accumulations in living cells and finally produces cellular toxicity and damage, pectin helps to rapidly reduce this changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity of monosodium glutamate was investigated histologically by using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stains. The animals received (MSG) in drinking water at a dose of 3 g kg-1 b.wt., in drinking water for three weeks. The ovary tissues were subjected to histological and morphological analysis. RESULTS: In female rats treated with a dose of MSG of 3 g kg-1 daily in drinking water clear toxicological effects on the ovary tissue were significantly obtained. The mice were then anesthetized, dissected the ovary samples were taken from female mice and kept in a 10% neutral formalin solution to make tissue slides after that examined under the microscope to see the differences. Sections showed the occurrence of several histopathological changes in the ovary. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the effectiveness of pectin therapy on ovarian cells destroyed by the effect of monosodium glutamate, which has proven to be very effective in treating all affected and restoring tissue to normal.

Utility of KRAS Gene and Clinicopathological Features in the Assessment of the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Etiology of Colon Cancer.

Background Cancer and diabetes have a tremendous impact on health globally. This study aimed to evaluate the KRAS gene in colon cancer tissues obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods Data from 315 cases (156 colon diabetics and 159 patients were nondiabetics) were retrospectively retrieved. mRNA from surgically resected colon cancer tumors were also retrieved. Results The expression of KRAS mRNA was significantly higher in patients afflicted with T2DM than nondiabetic patients. The KRAS mRNA levels were significantly amplified from primary to metastatic lesions ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The association between T2DM and colon cancer was well-established in the present study.

Antioxidant Properties of Solenostemma argel Effervescent Tablets.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, Solenostemma argel effervescent tablets were prepared from Argel methanolic extract. METHODS: The tablets were examined for their ability to impede carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced lipid peroxidation in mice liver. The antioxidant activities of the enzymes; super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GS-PX) along with malondialdehyde level were tested in liver tissues. RESULTS: The obtained results indicated that the antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably reduced while the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), which shows lipid peroxidation, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase (a liver function test) were remarkably intensified following intra-peritoneal i.p injection with the single sub-lethal hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 compared to the control. A necrotic lesion in the liver of mice injected with CCl4 was observed by the histopathological examination. The damaging influence of CCl4 was improved by the retreatment with Argel or BHT, which could also be observed in the normal appearance of the liver tissue. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that S. Argel and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) could be effective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, Argel might be applied as a hepatoprotective agent without any side effects.

Role of human Cytomegalovirus in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in tissue blocks obtained from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin wax processed NPC tissue were obtained from 150 tissue blocks and retrospectively investigated for the presence of HCMV using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of the 150 NPC tissue specimens, HCMV was identified in 53/150 (35.3%) of the samples. Out of the 53 samples infected with HCMV, 33/97 (34%) were among males and 20/53 (37.7%) were among females. Of the 53 positive samples, 36/53 (68%) were found to harbor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). CONCLUSION: The present study has shown a relatively considerable association between HCMV and NPC. The great majority of samples sheltering HCMV were also found to hide EBV, which proposes the potentiality of EBV over HCMV.

Molecular screening for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) among Sudanese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) among Sudanese patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: In this study, 150 tissue samples that were previously diagnosed as having NPC were screened for the presence of EBV using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR was performed to amplify two viral genes; EBV nuclear antigen-4 (EBNA-4) and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1). RESULTS: EBV genes were detected in 92/150 (61.3%) tissue samples. Of the 92 infected samples, 58/92 (63%) were found among males and 34/92 (37%) were among females. CONCLUSION: EBV is prevalent in the Sudan and responsible of the vast majority of cases of NPC.

Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins and epithelial membrane protein 2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its potential implications.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive disease and tends to involve surrounding tissues, and biomarkers for better management are yet to be identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty tissue samples with NPC diagnosis were were investigated using pan cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) antibodies. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical expression of CK was identified in 144/150 (96%) and of EMP2 in 120/150 (80%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high loss of EMP2 in NPC, especially high grade examples. Loss of CK expression is also linked to high grade NPC types.