Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review.

This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.

Oral Candidiasis and COVID-19 in Users of Removable Dentures: Is Special Oral Care Needed?

Elderly patients with systemic disorders and immunocompromised patients seem to have a higher risk of developing morbidity from COVID-19. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a potentially dangerous pathogen for these patients, especially for denture wearers with prosthetic stomatitis who require mechanical ventilation. C. albicans infection, the main candidiasis infection associated with denture wear, can complicate COVID-19 and increase the associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis of C. albicans infection in COVID-19 patients is important to establish more effective antifungal treatment methods and prophylaxis strategies. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients should undergo an oral examination to assess their oral health, and those with poor oral health should receive the appropriate care and monitoring.

Effect of glass fiber post customization on the mechanical properties of resin cement and underlying dentin.

This study evaluated the Martens hardness (HM) and elastic modulus (EIT) of resin cement and dentin underlying the bonding interface of customized glass fiber posts luted to intraradicular dentin and subjected to mechanical cycling. Two null hypotheses were tested: (1) no differences in the mechanical properties (HM and EIT) of the resin cement and underlying dentin would be found between customized and noncustomized glass fiber post groups, with or without mechanical cycling; and (2) no differences in the mechanical properties of the resin cement or underlying dentin would be found between the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the intraradicular dentin. Forty single-rooted premolars were divided into 4 groups: customized or noncustomized glass fiber post, with or without mechanical cycling. The noncustomized posts were cemented in their original state to prepared canals, while the customized posts were modified with composite resin according to the geometry of the root canal. The specimens in the mechanical cycling groups were positioned at a 45-degree angle in an electromechanical fatigue testing machine and subjected to loading with a steel tip with a 4-mm diameter for 1,200,000 cycles at 50 N. After the specimens were prepared according to the appropriate group protocol, they were sectioned into thirds, and HM and EIT values of the resin cement and dentin underlying the bonding interface were determined using an ultramicrohardness tester under a load of 5 mN. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test was performed. For resin cement in the cervical region, the highest HM and EIT values were observed in the noncustomized group after mechanical cycling. Similarly, in the underlying dentin, specimens in the noncustomized group after mechanical cycling had the highest HM values in the cervical region. Therefore, customization of glass fiber posts with composite resin is not essential for bonding to intraradicular dentin.

Emergence profile customization technique during implant transfer.

This case report aimed to describe the clinical considerations in oral rehabilitation with prostheses on implants in the anterior region, using emergence profile customization technique during implant transfer. A patient presented with a missing left upper central incisor and with not satisfactory esthetic in the other upper incisors. After diagnosis, a treatment plan was elaborated: implant placement in this region; ceramic laminates for teeth 11 and 22, and full crown for tooth 12. During the impression procedure, the implant transfer was customized by copying the gingival profile. The prostheses were made using IPS e.max ceramic system and luted with resin cement. The patient was submitted to annual follow-up examinations that did not show any irregularity or deficiency in the prostheses. The technique performed is a viable alternative that can be used in oral rehabilitation with implants involving anterior teeth because it allows a predictable level of adaptation.

Effect of thermocycling on roughness of nanofill, microfill and microhybrid composites.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness of composite resins subjected to thermal cycles procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two microfill, four microhybrid and four nanofill composites were used. The surface roughness (Ra) was initially measured in a profilometer using a cut-off 0f 0.25 mm, after 3000 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Fischer's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Overall, 3000 thermal cycles increased the surface roughness values for all materials and there was a trend in all groups to decrease the roughness after 10,000 thermal cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The composition of material, including the type of organic matrix, could be more relevant to roughness maintenance over time than the general behavior of composites based on particles fillers. The maintenance of smooth surface in resin-based composite restorations is totally dependent of organic composition of the material.

Fluorescence intensity of composite layering combined with surface sealant submitted to staining solutions.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of a composite in different layering techniques combined to a surface sealant submitted to staining solutions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One surface sealant and one composite resin (shades A2-0, A2, and YE) were tested. Specimens were carried out using layering with different shades of composite, and dental blocks (dentin/enamel) were obtained of human molars. Fluorescence intensity measurement performed using a spectrofluorophotometer, before and after storage in cola, orange juice, red wine, and distilled water. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Initially, only A2-O + A2 layering showed fluorescence intensity statistically similar to the natural tooth. Overall, groups sealed showed the highest fluorescence intensity compared with unsealed groups. The aging decreased the fluorescence intensity compared with initial values. Red wine showed the highest decrease on the fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSION: The fluorescence of composite restorations is dependent of the layering technique and is affected by the diet. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The staining solutions decreased the fluorescence intensity, even when the composite resins were sealed. Different shades of the same composite showed distinct fluorescence values, so there should be greater standardization of this property for tooth reconstruction success by the layering technique with large tissue loss.

Mechanical properties of components of the bonding interface in different regions of radicular dentin surfaces.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The mechanical properties of the adhesive materials used in intraradicular treatments could vary according to the interaction between the restorative material and dentin substrate. An evaluation of these properties is essential to determine the success of the luting procedures performed on glass-fiber posts. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of dentin adhesives, resin cements, and the dentin that underlies the bonding interface in different thirds of intraradicular dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. After the endodontic treatment of the post spaces, the teeth were divided into 5 groups (n=8): Adper Single Bond 2 + RelyX ARC, Excite DSC + RelyX ARC, Adper SE Plus + RelyX ARC, RelyX Unicem, and Set. The hardness and elastic modulus values were measured at the adhesive interface in different thirds of the radicular dentin by using an ultramicrohardness tester. The data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and the Fisher protected least significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS: In the underlying dentin, the highest Martens hardness values were found in the apical region for all groups; the exceptions were the groups with the self-etching adhesive. In the adhesive layer, the highest Martens hardness values were obtained for the Adper SE Plus + RelyX ARC group; further, no statistical differences were found among the different regions for this group. RelyX ARC had the lowest Martens hardness and elastic modulus values in the apical regions when used with Adper Single Bond 2 and Adper SE Plus. No differences were found in the Martens hardness and elastic modulus values for the self-adhesive resin cement in the regions investigated. CONCLUSION: The mechanical properties of adhesive materials and the underlying dentin are influenced by the interaction between the two as well as by the depth of the analyzed intraradicular area.

Relined fiberglass posts: influence of resin opacity on the bond strength to intraradicular dentin.

This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength between relined fiberglass posts with different composite resin opacities in different thirds of the intraradicular dentin. Thirty single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and divided into three groups (n=10): fiberglass posts relined with translucent composite resin, fiberglass posts relined with opaque composite resin, and fiberglass posts without relining. After cementation of the posts, the specimens were cut perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth in slices of approximately 1.3 mm of each third to be analyzed (cervical, middle, and apical) and then subjected to the push-out test. The bond strength (MPa) data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, considering the experimental groups and different regions as study factors. Tukey's post-hoc test (p<.05) was applied for comparisons between the groups. In the cervical third, higher values of bond strength were found for the group relined with translucent resin, with a statistically significant difference for the other groups. In the other regions, both opaque and translucent resins showed similar results, but both showed higher values of bond strength compared to fiberglass posts without relining. The bond strength of fiberglass posts to different thirds of intraradicular dentin is influenced by composite resin relining as well as the opacity of the resin. The use of translucent composite resin is a more effective alternative for fiberglass posts relining.

Effect of whitening toothpastes and activated charcoal powder on enamel wear and surface roughness.

This study aimed to evaluate surface roughness (Sa), roughness profile (Rv), and enamel wear after brushing with different whitening toothpastes and charcoal powders. Sixty (n = 10) bovine enamel blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm) were randomly distributed into six groups according to toothpaste type: regular toothpaste (CONT), toothpaste containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (HP), toothpaste containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), toothpaste containing charcoal (COAL), toothpaste containing charcoal and TiO2 (COAL+TiO2), and activated charcoal powder (COAL_PWD). Each block was subjected to 30,000 reciprocal cycles at a 1:3 proportion slurry. After brushing, the blocks were analyzed using an optical profilometer to determine Sa, Rv, and enamel wear. In addition, representative 3D images of each group and wear profiles were obtained. Sa was analyzed using generalized linear models followed by Bonferroni correction, whereas Rv was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. After brushing, COAL and COAL+TiO2 showed higher Sa values than COAL_PWD. However, no significant difference was observed in Sa between whitening toothpaste and COAL_PWD, and CONT (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed among the groups in Rv (p > 0.05). Conversely, enamel wear was higher for TiO2, COAL, COAL+TiO2, and COAL_PWD than for CONT. CONT showed the least enamel wear, whereas HP showed intermediate values. Representative 3D images and line profiles showed lower step-height and lower mean surface losses for the CONT and HP groups than for the other groups. Whitening toothpastes and COAL_PWD did not increase Sa or Rv compared with CONT, while CONT demonstrated lower enamel wear.

Can different agents reduce the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue? A systematic review of basic research.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different topical/systemic agents in reducing the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue or cells. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were performed in July 2023. In vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the effects of different topical or systemic agents on pulp inflammation or cytotoxicity after exposure to bleaching agents were included. The risk of bias was assessed. Results: Out of 1,112 articles, 27 were included. Nine animal studies evaluated remineralizing/anti-inflammatories agents in rat molars subjected to bleaching with 35%-38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Five of these studies demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammation caused by HP when combined with bioglass or MI Paste Plus (GC America), or following KF-desensitizing or Otosporin treatment (n = 3). However, orally administered drugs did not reduce pulp inflammation (n = 4). Cytotoxicity (n = 17) was primarily assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on human dental pulp cells and mouse dental papilla Cell-23 cells. Certain substances, including sodium ascorbate, butein, manganese chloride, and peroxidase, were found to reduce cytotoxicity, particularly when applied prior to bleaching. The risk of bias was high in animal studies and low in laboratory studies. Conclusions: Few in vivo studies have evaluated agents to reduce the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue. Within the limitations of these studies, it was found that topical agents were effective in reducing pulp inflammation in animals and cytotoxicity. Further analyses with human pulp are required to substantiate these findings. Trial Registration: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022337192.

Periodontal and prosthetic biologic considerations to restore biological width in posterior teeth.

The biologic width is an essential dental space that always needs to be maintained to ensure periodontal health in any dental prosthetic restorations. An iatrogenic partial fixed prosthesis constructed in lower posterior teeth predisposed the development of subgingival caries, which induced violation of the biologic width in involved teeth, resulting in an uncontrolled inflammatory process and periodontal tissue destruction. This clinical report describes a periodontal surgical technique to recover a violated biologic width in lower posterior teeth, by crown lengthening procedure associated with free gingival graft procedure, to ensure the possibility to place a modified partial fixed prosthesis in treated area. The procedure applied to recover the biologic width was crown lengthening with some modifications, associated with modified partial fixed prosthesis to achieve health in treated area. The modified techniques in both surgical and prosthetic procedures were applied to compensate the contraindications to recover biologic width by osteotomy in lower posterior teeth. The result, after 4 years under periodic control, seems to achieve the projected goal. Treating a dental diseased area is necessary to diagnose, eliminate, or control all etiologic factors involved in the process. When the traditional methods are not effective to recover destructed tissues, an alternative, compensatory, and adaptive procedure may be applied to restore the sequelae of the disease, applying a restorative method that respects the biology of involved tissues.

In vitro study on how cold plasma affects dentin surface characteristics.

PURPOSE: Studies evaluating different features of cold plasma action on dentin surface characteristics are lacking. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to determine the effect of cold plasma under different protocols of exposure time, distance to plasma source, and the association of argon gas with distinct concentrations of oxygen on the wettability, surface energy, total free interaction energy, surface roughness, morphology and chemical composition of dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five bovine dentin samples were used and divided into twenty-five groups according to the exposure time to plasma (15, 30, or 60 s); distance between plasma source and dentin surface (3 or 6 mm); argon gas without plasma generation; and plasma generated by argon gas and association of argon gas with distinct concentrations of oxygen (2 % or 3 %) (n = 5). Contact angle (θ), surface energy (γs) and total free interaction energy (ΔG) were measured using a goniometer (Krüss), while surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated by a profilometer (Mitutoyo). Representative samples were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (JEOL) to ilustrate the morphology and chemical composition of dentin. Data comparing control group with all experimental groups were submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = .05). Data comparing oxygen gas action at different concentrations and argon gas on dentin characteristics were submitted to non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn test for comparison between the groups and methods (α = 0.05). RESULTS: In general, argon gas without plasma generation promoted no significant difference on dentin surface characteristics compared to control group (P > .05), differently for the cold plasma that significantly reduced contact angle values and increased total free interaction energy of dentin surface (P < .05). Overall, feeding of oxygen at distinct concentrations promoted significant difference on dentin surface characteristics compared to control group (P < .05). Exposure time and distance protocols interfered with contact angle, surface energy and total free interaction energy analyses for each gas. There was no significant difference on surface roughness (P > .05), morphology and chemical composition of dentin submitted to argon gas, cold plasma, and distinct concentrations of oxygen. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, plasma generated by argon gas and its feeding with 2 % and 3 % oxygen gas improved the dentin surface characteristics about wettability, surface energy and total free interaction energy. Such treatments preserved the surface roughness, morphology and chemical composition of dentin. The protocols of groups Ar-6mm-15sec, ArO2-3mm-30sec and ArO3-3mm-15sec are recommended for improvement of dentin surface characteristics.

Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins before and after tooth bleaching procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty specimens were prepared of each composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT and Opallis), and BisCover LV surface sealant was applied to half of the specimens. Thirty enamel samples were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars for use as the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching procedures with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 16% carbamide (n = 10). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbamide peroxide treatment significantly altered the hardness of the composite resins, regardless of surface sealant application; however, both treatments significantly decreased the hardness of the tooth samples (p < 0.05). The bleaching did not cause any change in surface roughness, with the exception of the unsealed Opallis composite resin and dental enamel, both of which displayed an increase in surface roughness after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microhardness and surface roughness of enamel and Opallis composite resin were influenced by bleaching procedures.

Influence of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Immediate Bond Strength of a Universal Adhesive System on Dentine Subjected to Different Bonding Protocols: An In Vitro Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of preapplication of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on the immediate microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive system on dentine subjected to different bonding protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty human molars were used in this study, and the tooth surface was abraded to expose the dentine. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the surface treatment (n = 5): SBU group: Single Bond Universal without acid etching; SBUPA group: 37% phosphoric acid + Single Bond Universal; SBUCG group: 2% chlorhexidine gluconate + Single Bond Universal; and SBUPACG group: 37% phosphoric acid + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate + Single Bond Universal. The microtensile bond strengths were measured using a microtensile tester 24 h after bonding. The bond strength data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sheffé's least statistically significant difference test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the analysed groups were observed (p > 0.05). However, conditioning with phosphoric acid without the action of the chlorhexidine gluconate group resulted in higher numerical values of bond strengths than that for the chlorhexidine gluconate without the acid conditioning group. CONCLUSION: The preapplication of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the immediate bond strength of the Single Bond Universal adhesive system under different bonding protocols.

Do Different Pretreatments of Dentine Surface Affect the Bond Strength with a Self-adhesive Resin Cement?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of dentine/self-adhesive resin cement interface after several treatments on a dentine surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight human molars were selected and divided into four groups: no treatment (control (C)); 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); 25% polyacrylic acid (PA); and 23 ppm dispersive solution of silver nanoparticle (SN). Prepolymerised TPH resin composite (Dentsply) blocks were luted on the dentine surface using RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE). Microtensile bond strength was measured (MPa) in a universal testing machine 24 h and 6 months after the bonding process. The fractured specimens were examined in an optical microscope and classified according to the fracture pattern. A representative sample of each group was observed by scanning electronic microscope. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test to compare the mean among the groups (p <0.05). RESULTS: The highest microtensile bond strength values after 24 h were found for the PA group (13.34 ± 6.36 MPa), with no statistically significant difference for the C group (9.76 ± 3.11 Mpa). After 6 months, the highest microtensile bond strength values were found for the C group (9.09 ± 3.27 Mpa), with statistically significant difference only for the CHX group (2.94 ± 1.66 MPa). There was statistically significant difference only for the PA group when comparing the periods studied. Regardless of the surface treatment applied, there were more adhesive failures in both periods of time. CONCLUSION: Dentinal pretreatment with PA, as well as use of SN before the bonding procedure of self-adhesive resin cement to dentine, may be alternative bonding protocols.

Do Irrigation Solutions Influence the Bond Interface Between Glass Fiber Posts and Dentin?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength and interface permeability of glass-fiber posts in different regions of post space (cervical, middle, and apical) submitted to different irrigation solutions. Ninety single-rooted human teeth were submitted to endodontic treatment and divided into five groups, according to irrigation solutions: distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, 25% polyacrylic acid, 2% chlorhexidine, and 23 ppm Ag NP dispersion. Each group was divided in 3 subgroups (n=6) according to cementation: SBU: Adper Scotchbond Universal + RelyX ARC; U200: RelyX U200; MCE: MaxCem Elite. Bond strength and sealing ability were measured in different areas of post space. The data was subjected to ANOVA and Fisher's test (a=0,05). The silver nanoparticle solution showed highest bond strength values and lowest interface permeability in all thirds analyzed for SBU group. In the U200 group, the highest bond strength values were found for sodium hypochlorite solution, with significant difference between this solution and polyacrylic acid. A decrease in bond strength values in cervical to apical direction was found for MCE group and the same behavior were found for others groups. Regarding interface permeability, use of silver nanoparticle solution resulted in lower values in cervical and apical thirds. There was a decrease in bond strength in cervical to apical direction. Different irrigation solutions and intraradicular depth influenced the bond strength and interface permeability of adhesive material to dentin substrate. Silver nanoparticle solution can effectively be used as an irrigation agent in post space prior to fiber post cementation process.

Color stability and surface roughness of chitosan- and nanodiamond-modified bisacrylic resin.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan or nanodiamond incorporation on the color stability and surface roughness of a bisacrylic resin subjected to artificial aging. Four bisacrylic resins were evaluated, namely, control, chitosan-modified material, nanodiamond-modified material, and chitosan-nanodiamond-modified material. Twenty-four specimens were prepared for each material. The surface roughness was determined using a profilometer with a cut-off of 0.25 mm. The baseline color was measured according to the CIE L*a*b* system using a reflectance spectrophotometer. After these tests, the specimens were individually immersed in cola soft drink, red wine, or distilled water (n = 8) for 28 days. After the aging, the surface roughness and final color were re-evaluated. The color stability was determined using the difference between the coordinates obtained before and after the aging process. The data on roughness and color change were evaluated using ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). The results show that the incorporation of nanodiamonds and chitosan into a bisacrylic resin provided a better color stability to the materials (p = 0.007). The storage in red wine resulted in a higher variation in the surface roughness values, especially when only the nanodiamond was incorporated to the material (p < 0.05). The incorporation of both chitosan and nanodiamonds are promising in providing an improvement in the properties of the bisacrylic resin when they are simultaneously incorporated in the product.

Influence of silver nanoparticle solution on the mechanical properties of resin cements and intrarradicular dentin.

This study evaluated the influence of silver nanoparticle on mechanical properties of the components of underlying dentin and resin cement in different regions of intraradicular dentin. Ninety extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. After endodontic preparation, the teeth were divided into five groups, according to the irrigating agents: distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 25% polyacrylic acid, 2% chlorhexidine and 23 ppm silver nanoparticles dispersion. Then, the groups were divided in 3 subgroups (n = 6) according to the technique adopted for adhesive cementation: SUA group: Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX ARC; U200 group: RelyX U200; and MCE group: MaxCem Elite. The mechanical properties of hardness and elastic modulus were measured in resin cement and underlying dentin in ultra-micro hardness tester in different thirds of radicular dentin surface. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Fisher's test (p = 0.05). In the underlying dentin, in general, there was no statistically significant difference in different thirds of intraradicular dentin according to the different solutions used. In the resin cements, higher hardness values were found, in general, for the cervical third. When silver nanoparticle solution was used, higher mechanical properties were generally obtained for resin cement for the SBU and U200 groups, with little or no changes in mechanical properties for the dentin. Silver nanoparticle application is a viable option for irrigation the intraradicular dentin previously through the cementation process of glass fiber posts. The mechanical properties are influenced by irrigant solutions used and the depth intraradical analyzed area.

Relined fiberglass posts: influence of resin opacity on the bond strength to intraradicular dentin

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength between relined fiberglass posts with different composite resin opacities in different thirds of the intraradicular dentin. Thirty single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and divided into three groups (n=10): fiberglass posts relined with translucent composite resin, fiberglass posts relined with opaque composite resin, and fiberglass posts without relining. After cementation of the posts, the specimens were cut perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth in slices of approximately 1.3 mm of each third to be analyzed (cervical, middle, and apical) and then subjected to the push-out test. The bond strength (MPa) data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, considering the experimental groups and different regions as study factors. Tukey's post-hoc test (p<.05) was applied for comparisons between the groups. In the cervical third, higher values of bond strength were found for the group relined with translucent resin, with a statistically significant difference for the other groups. In the other regions, both opaque and translucent resins showed similar results, but both showed higher values of bond strength compared to fiberglass posts without relining. The bond strength of fiberglass posts to different thirds of intraradicular dentin is influenced by composite resin relining as well as the opacity of the resin. The use of translucent composite resin is a more effective alternative for fiberglass posts relining.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de união entre pinos de fibra de vidro anatomizados com resinas compostas de diferentes opacidades em diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular. Trinta pré-molares uniradiculares foram tratados endodonticamente e divididos em três grupos (n=10): pinos de fibra de vidro anatomizados com resina composta translúcida, pinos de fibra de vidro anatomizados com resina composta opaca e pinos de fibra de vidro sem anatomização. Após a cimentação dos pinos, os corpos de prova foram cortados perpendicularmente ao longo eixo do dente em fatias de aproximadamente 1,3 mm de cada terço a ser analisado (cervical, médio e apical) e posteriormente submetidos ao teste de push-out. Os dados de resistência de união (MPa) foram submetidos a testes de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e ANOVA dois fatores para análises repetidas, considerando os grupos experimentais e diferentes regiões como fatores de estudo. O teste post-hoc de Tukey (p=0,05) foi aplicado para comparações entre os grupos. No terço cervical foram encontrados maiores valores de resistência de união no grupo com anatomização com resina translúcida, com diferença estatisticamente significativa para os demais grupos. Nas demais regiões, tanto as resinas opacas quanto as translúcidas apresentaram resultados semelhantes, mas ambas apresentaram valores de resistência de união superiores aos pinos de fibra de vidro sem anatomização. A resistência de união dos pinos de fibra de vidro aos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular é influenciada pela anatomização da resina composta, bem como pela opacidade da resina. A utilização de resina composta translúcida é uma alternativa mais eficaz para a anatomização de pinos de fibra de vidro.

Mechanical and surface properties analysis of restorative materials submitted to erosive challenges in situ.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effect of acidic solutions (AS) on surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness of restorative materials (RM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices (IPD) containing samples of RM: Ketac Nano (KN); Ketac Nano + Biscover LV (KN-B); Esthet-X (EX); Esthet-X + Biscover LV (EX-B); Supreme XT (SXT); Supreme XT + Biscover LV (SXT-B); and bovine enamel. The samples were submitted to three phases: (1) immersion in 0.01M hydrochloric acid (HCl) - 10 min, three times/day (14 days); (2) immersion in soft drink (Sprite®) - 10 min, three times/day (14 days); and (3) keeping in saliva (14 days). Changes in Ra/microhardness were measured before/after the three phases. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Fisher's test. RESULTS: Materials sealed with Biscover LV (B) presented lowest values in all periods. KN glass ionomer cement showed highest Ra values after exposure in AS. Application of B did not reduce the Ra for the composites studied, except for EX after immersion in HCl. AS promoted changes in Ra/microhardness of RM, except for sealed materials. CONCLUSIONS: The acids used were able to change the Ra and microhardness of RM, except of the sealed materials. The resin-modified GIC showed the most significant changes after immersion in AS; and the composites sealed with B, even after immersion in acidic solutions (AS), showed the lowest Ra values and the least degradation in microhardness, especially when subjected to low pH solutions.