[Changes in parathyroid hormone levels during the treatment of fractures of long tubular bones using the Ilizarov method]. / Izmenenie kontsentratsii paratireoidnogo gormona pri lechenii perelomov dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei po metodu G. A. Ilizarova.

Content of parathyroid hormone in blood plasma was studied in the course os treatment of 62 patients with fractures of crus bones. Alterations in the hormone content, depending on the type of trauma, were observed: the most severe injures caused the most distinct alterations. Maximal increase in the hormone content were observed during the initial period of the treatment, contributing to lysis of bone fragments and to formation of bone organic matrix. Decrease in the parathyroid hormone content coincided with complete consolidation of bone fragments. Content of the hormone was normalized within 35-42 days.

[The role of cyclic nucleotides in reparative bone formation]. / Rol' tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v reparativnom kosteobrazovanii.

Distinct alterations in content of cyclic nucleotides were observed during treatment of 133 patients with fractures of long tubular bones. The following effects were found after initial increase in cAMP content: increase in tissue permeability, aseptic inflammation, inhibition of cell mitosis, acceleration of cell enzymes synthesis, of protein biosynthesis and of the rate of microcirculation in the traumatized region. Elevation of cGMP concentration led to initiation of bone marrow proliferation, to augmented formation of organic matrix and its mineralization. Monitoring of cyclic nucleotides concentration enabled to evaluate the reparative osteogenesis activity.

[Vascular bed of a lymph node and lymphodynamics after leg lengthening by the G. A. Ilizarov method]. / Sosudistoe ruslo limfaticheskogo uzla i limfodinamika pri udlinenii goleni po G. A. Ilizarovu.

In the experiments performed on dogs, the right shin has been elongated, lymph movement has been studied in the extremity, as well as in the arteries of the popliteal and medial iliac lymph nodes. The lymph movement rate immediately after fracture decreases 6 times, and during the elongation process it gradually restores with normalization on the 14th day of distraction. The integrity of the arterial bed in the lymph node is not disturbed during the elongation process of the shin. The intraorganic bed of the regional lymph nodes reacts to the shin elongation by increasing diameter of the arteries and the number of the functioning vessels. The changes in the arterial bed demonstrate an acceleration of the blood stream in the lymph nodes under the elongation of the shin. After osteogenesis normalization in the lymph stream takes place.

[Radionuclide multicollector lymphography of the extremities]. / Radionuklidnaia mnogokollektornaia limfografiia konechnostei.

A study was made of the lymph flow rate and accumulation-absorption function of the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes in healthy persons and in patients with leg and forearm bone fractures. The lymph flow rate in the leg of a healthy person is 9.1 = 10.8 cm/min, much more in the hip 13.7 = 16.1 cm/min, in the deep collector it was 2 = 3 times as less. The lymph flow rate in the forearm is equal 5.6 = 7.9 cm/min, in the shoulder 7.4 = 10.0 cm/min. After the fracture the lymph flow rate lessened for a short period of time (up to the 21 st day) in the vessels of the medial leg collector but increased in the lateral and deep collectors. In the upper limb the lymph flow rate decreased in the lateral and increased in the medial collectors.

[Studies with 99mTc-pyrophosphate of reparative osteogenesis during treatment of closed oblique fractures of the long tubular bones]. / Issledovaniia s 99mTc-pirofosfatom reparativnogo kosteobrazovaniia pri lechenii zakrytykh kosykh perelomov dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei.

Altogether 56 patients aged 20-55 with closed oblique fractures of the upper and lower limb bones were observed. Reparative osteogenesis was studied using 99mTc-pyrophosphate. An elevated RP accumulation at the ends of the bone splinters was found from the 1st day after fracture. By the end of the 1st month after fracture the RP activity increased up to 750% in the absence of splinter dislocation. In dislocation it was 50-80% less. The RP maximal activity in the place of fracture was noted on the 7-8th week, in the dislocation of splinters on the 9-10th week. By the results of radionuclide studies, the fracture consolidated right after a decrease in the 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation that made it possible to determine the optimum time of bone consolidation.

[Radiodiagnosis of the reparative osteogenesis during the treatment of comminuted fractures of the humerus]. / Luchevaia diagnostika reparativnogo kosteobrazovaniia pri lechenii oskol'chatykh perelomov plechevoi kosti.

Roentgenoradiological control of a reparative process after diaphysial comminuted shoulder fractures was exercised at all stages of the treatment after G. A. Ilizarov's method. Osteoscanning permitted the assessment of the viability of bone splinters on the first days after trauma and quantitative assessment of the activity of osteogenesis. A study of the optical density of radiograms provided an opportunity for evaluation of mineral content in regenerating bones, their structure only at late stages of treatment when it was rather high.

[Radionuclide study of blood circulation in extremities during treatment of tibial fractures by the G.A. Ilizarov method]. / Radionuklidnoe issledovanie krovoobrashcheniia v konechnosti pri lechenii perelomov kostei goleni po G.A.Ilizarovu.

Blood circulation was studied in 68 patients with closed oblique and spiral fractures of the leg bones in the middle and lower thirds in the injured segment using 99mTc-DTPA and 133Xe. The normal rate of the blood flow in the cortical layer of the tibial diaphysis was 0.008 +/- 0.0006 ml/g bone/min and in the bone marrow 0.030 +/- 0.002 ml/min. After fracture the rate of the blood flow increased reaching its maximum values (3.6 times increase) in the 5th week, then it decreased and returned to normal by the 70th day. In the bone marrow the maximum value of the blood flow was noted on the 5th day; on the 14th day it decreased significantly. In the cortical layer the maximum values of the blood flow acceleration (by 7.5 times) were established on the 14th day and persisted up to the 23rd day. The return to normal was observed on the 90th day.

[Circulatory status and architectonics of the vascular bed of the leg after lengthening it following double-distraction epiphysiolysis]. / Sostoianie krovoobrashcheniia i arkhitektonika krovenosnogo rusla goleni pri udlinenii ee posle dvoinogo distraktsionnogo épifizeoliza.

In 6-7-month-old puppies of mongrel dogs under anesthesia by means of G. A. Ilizarov apparatus double epiphysiolysis of the tibia has been performed. The activity of metabolic processes, the state of blood and lymphatic circulation have been studied in the shin at its lengthening by radioisotopic, angiographic and histological methods. Beginning from the first postoperative days, an essential increase of metabolic processes is observed in the osseous tissue, in the blood circulation at the areas of distraction and in the shin as a whole. Blood supply of the regenerates, when the magistral and intraosseous blood stream is remained intact, is performed via the nutritional, metaphysial and epiphyseal arteries. The preservation of the magistral blood stream ensures formation of a normal blood bed in the red bone marrow (arterioles, closed system of the sinuses).

[Radionuclide studies of reparative osteogenesis during modeling the shape of the leg]. / Radionuklidnye issledovaniia reparativnogo kosteobrazovaniia pri modelirovanii formy goleni.

The time course of metabolic processes in the osseous tissue and the capillary blood circulation in the forming osseous regenerate and the bone as a whole were studied in 16 patients using pyrophosphate and DTPA. The results of radiometry made it possible to give a quantitative evaluation of regeneration intensity: during intensive osteogenesis the accumulation of labeled pyrophosphate increased up to 720%, and the capillary blood circulation speeded up to 380%. Before the completion of osteogenesis the drug accumulation decreased considerably up to 250%.