Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 123
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Bases de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Cancer Sci ; 115(6): 1866-1880, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38494600

RESUMO

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins are epigenetic master regulators of gene expression via recognition of acetylated histones and recruitment of transcription factors and co-activators to chromatin. Hence, BET family proteins have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. In this study, we examined the functional role of bromodomain containing 3 (BRD3), a BET family protein, in colorectal cancer (CRC). In vitro and vivo analyses using BRD3-knockdown or BRD3-overexpressing CRC cells showed that BRD3 suppressed tumor growth and cell cycle G1/S transition and induced p21 expression. Clinical analysis of CRC datasets from our hospital or The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that BET family genes, including BRD3, were overexpressed in tumor tissues. In immunohistochemical analyses, BRD3 was observed mainly in the nucleus of CRC cells. According to single-cell RNA sequencing in untreated CRC tissues, BRD3 was highly expressed in malignant epithelial cells, and cell cycle checkpoint-related pathways were enriched in the epithelial cells with high BRD3 expression. Spatial transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of CRC tissues showed that BRD3 expression was positively associated with high p21 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of BRD3 combined with knockdown of, a driver gene in the BRD family, showed strong inhibition of CRC cells in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel tumor suppressive role of BRD3 that inhibits tumor growth by cell cycle inhibition in part via induction of p21 expression. BRD3 activation might be a novel therapeutic approach for CRC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Epigênese Genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Fatores de Transcrição , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Animais , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Proteínas que Contêm Bromodomínio
2.
Naturwissenschaften ; 111(3): 31, 2024 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38780649

RESUMO

In social hymenopterans, monandry of the queen is an ancestral trait, and polyandry is a derived trait. Polyandry of the queen is the norm in a limited number of lineages, such as honeybees, leaf-cutting ants, Pogonomyrmex ants, and Vespula wasps, which presumably provide fitness advantages for the whole colony. The queen of the introduced bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is polyandrous in Japan, whereas it is monandrous in native regions. We hypothesize that polyandry can evolve in a process that avoids the negative impacts of reproductive interference caused by interspecific mating and conducted genetic studies of the invasive species B. terrestris and two native subspecies, Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis and Bombus hypocrita hypocrita, in Japan. Our results revealed that although the native queens of B. hypocrita hypocrita allopatric with B. terrestris were strictly monandrous, the native queens of B. hypocrita sapporoensis sympatric with B. terrestris were polyandrous. These results suggested that the queens of native B. hypocrita sapporoensis do not experience negative impacts on interspecific mating from the invasive B. terrestris. We discuss the possibility that reproductive interference is a driving force in selection for multiple mating through an arms race between sympatric species.


Assuntos
Reprodução , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Animais , Japão , Abelhas/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia , Feminino , Reprodução/fisiologia , Masculino , Espécies Introduzidas
3.
Br J Cancer ; 128(12): 2206-2217, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37076565

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Driver alterations may represent novel candidates for driver gene-guided therapy; however, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with multiple genomic aberrations makes them intractable. Therefore, the pathogenesis and metabolic changes of ICC need to be understood to develop new treatment strategies. We aimed to unravel the evolution of ICC and identify ICC-specific metabolic characteristics to investigate the metabolic pathway associated with ICC development using multiregional sampling to encompass the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. METHODS: We performed the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis of 39-77 ICC tumour samples and eleven normal samples. Further, we analysed their cell proliferation and viability. RESULTS: We demonstrated that intra-tumoral heterogeneity of ICCs with distinct driver genes per case exhibited neutral evolution, regardless of their tumour stage. Upregulation of BCAT1 and BCAT2 indicated the involvement of 'Val Leu Ile degradation pathway'. ICCs exhibit the accumulation of ubiquitous metabolites, such as branched-chain amino acids including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, to negatively affect cancer prognosis. We revealed that this metabolic pathway was almost ubiquitously altered in all cases with genomic diversity and might play important roles in tumour progression and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a novel ICC onco-metabolic pathway that could enable the development of new therapeutic interventions.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Colangiocarcinoma , Humanos , Proteômica , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/genética , Transaminases
4.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 30(1): 233-243, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36175711

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as potential stable biomarkers for various types of cancer. Considering the clinical applications, there are certain critical requirements, such as minimizing the number of miRNAs, reproducibility in a longitudinal clinical course, and superiority to conventional tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9. This study aimed to identify serum miRNAs that indicate the recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC), surpassing inter-tumor heterogeneity. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of 434 serum samples from 91 patients with CRC and 71 healthy subjects. miRNAs were obtained from Toray Co., Ltd, and miRNA profiles were analyzed using a three-step approach. miRNAs that were highly expressed in patients with CRC than in the healthy controls in the screening phase, and those that were highly expressed in the preoperative samples than in the 1-month postoperative samples in the discovery phase, were extracted. In the validation phase, the extracted miRNAs were evaluated in 323 perioperative samples, in chronological order. RESULTS: A total of 12 miRNAs (miR-25-3p, miR-451a, miR-1246, miR-1268b, miR-2392, miR-4480, miR-4648, miR-4732-5p, miR-4736, miR-6131, miR-6776-5p, and miR-6851-5p) were significantly concordant with the clinical findings of tumor recurrence, however their ability to function as biomarkers was comparable with CEA. In contrast, the combination of miR-1246, miR-1268b, and miR-4648 demonstrated a higher area under the curve (AUC) than CEA. These three miRNAs were upregulated in primary CRC tissues. CONCLUSION: We identified ideal combinatorial miRNAs to predict CRC recurrence.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , MicroRNAs , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia
5.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 30(12): 7538-7548, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37477745

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has a close relation with cancer progression. Blocking the adaptive pathway of ER stress could be an anticancer strategy. Here, we identified an ER stress-related gene, Transducin beta-like 2 (TBL2), an ER-localized type I transmembrane protein, on increased chromosome 7q as a candidate driver gene of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: The association between TBL2 mRNA expression and prognostic outcomes and clinicopathological factors was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets of LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Localization of TBL2 in tumor tissues was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted using TCGA dataset. In vitro cell proliferation assays were performed using TBL2 knockdown LUAD cells, LUSC cells, and LUAD cells overexpressing TBL2. Apoptosis and ATF4 expression (ER stress marker) were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS: TBL2 was overexpressed in LUAD and LUSC cells. Multivariate analysis indicated high TBL2 mRNA expression was an independent poor prognostic factor of LUAD. GSEA revealed high TBL2 expression was positively correlated to the ER stress response in LUAD. TBL2 knockdown attenuated LUAD cell proliferation under ER stress. TBL2 inhibited apoptosis in LUAD cells under ER stress. TBL2 knockdown reduced ATF4 expression under ER stress. CONCLUSIONS: TBL2 may be a novel driver gene that facilitates cell proliferation, possibly by upregulating ATF4 expression followed by adaptation to ER stress, and it is a poor prognostic biomarker of LUAD.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Transducina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética
6.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 77(1): 2-11, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36165228

RESUMO

AIM: Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been linked to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify gyrification and SA abnormalities specific to TRS. METHODS: We analyzed 3T magnetic resonance imaging findings of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 20 responders to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 41 patients with TRS, including 19 clozapine responders (CLZ-Resp) and 22 FL- and clozapine-resistant patients (patients with ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia [URS]). The local gyrification index (LGI) and associated SA were analyzed across groups. Diagnostic accuracy was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower LGI values than HCs (P = 0.041, Hedges g [gH ] = 0.75; P = 0.013, gH  = 0.96) and FL-Resp (P = 0.007, gH  = 1.00; P = 0.002, gH  = 1.31) in the left medial parietal cortex (Lt-MPC). In addition, both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower SA in the Lt-MPC than FL-Resp (P < 0.001, gH  = 1.22; P < 0.001, gH  = 1.75). LGI and SA were positively correlated in non-TRS (FL-Resp) (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.008) and TRS (CLZ-Resp + URS) (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for non-TRS versus TRS with LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. SA in the Lt-MPC was inversely correlated with negative symptoms (ρ = -0.40, P = 0.018) and clozapine plasma levels (ρ = -0.35, P = 0.042) in TRS. CONCLUSION: LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC, a functional hub in the default-mode network, were abnormally reduced in TRS compared with non-TRS. Thus, altered LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC might be structural features associated with genetic vulnerability to TRS.


Assuntos
Clozapina , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Clozapina/farmacologia , Clozapina/uso terapêutico , Lobo Parietal , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esquizofrenia Resistente ao Tratamento , Córtex Cerebral
7.
Cancer Sci ; 113(1): 156-169, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34704338

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Further improvements of CRC therapeutic approaches are needed. BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6), a multifunctional scaffold protein, plays an important role in tumor progression. However, regulation of BAG6 in malignancies remains unclear. This study showed that guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 4 (GET4), a component of the BAG6 complex, regulates the intercellular localization of BAG6 in CRC. Furthermore, GET4 was identified as a candidate driver gene on the short arm of chromosome 7, which is often amplified in CRC, by our bioinformatics approach using the CRC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Clinicopathologic and prognostic analyses using CRC datasets showed that GET4 was overexpressed in tumor cells due to an increased DNA copy number. High GET4 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in CRC, whereas BAG6 was mainly overexpressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells without gene alteration. The biological significance of GET4 was examined using GET4 KO CRC cells generated with CRISPR-Cas9 technology or transfected CRC cells. In vitro and in vivo analyses showed that GET4 promoted tumor growth. It appears to facilitate cell cycle progression by cytoplasmic enrichment of BAG6-mediated p53 acetylation followed by reduced p21 expression. In conclusion, we showed that GET4 is a novel driver gene and a prognostic biomarker that promotes CRC progression by inducing the cytoplasmic transport of BAG6. GET4 could be a promising therapeutic molecular target in CRC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Regulação para Cima , Acetilação , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Transplante de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo
8.
Oncology ; 100(2): 101-113, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34724663

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Fanconi anemia complementation group E (FANCE) is a Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway gene that regulates DNA repair. We evaluated the clinical relevance of FANCE expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: First, the associations between the expression of FA pathway genes including FANCE and clinical outcomes in HCC patients were analyzed in 2 independent cohorts: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 373) and our patient cohort (n = 53). Localization of FANCE expression in HCC tissues was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene network analysis (SiGN_BN) were conducted using the TCGA dataset. Next, an in vitro proliferation assay was performed using FANCE-knockdown HCC cell lines (HuH7 and HepG2). The association between mRNA expression of FANCE and that of DNA damage response genes in HCC was analyzed using TCGA and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia datasets. Finally, the association between FANCE mRNA expression and overall survival (OS) in various digestive carcinomas was analyzed using TCGA data. RESULTS: FANCE was highly expressed in HCC cells. Multivariate analysis indicated that high FANCE mRNA expression was an independent factor predicting poor OS. GSEA revealed a positive relationship between enhanced FANCE expression and E2F and MYC target gene expression in HCC tissues. FANCE knockdown attenuated the proliferation of HCC cells, as well as reduced cdc25A expression and elevated histone H3 pSer10 expression. SiGN_BN revealed that FANCE mRNA expression was positively correlated with DNA damage response genes (H2A histone family member X and checkpoint kinase 1) in HCC tissues. Significant effects of high FANCE expression on OS were observed in hepatobiliary pancreatic carcinomas, including HCC. CONCLUSIONS: FANCE may provide a potential therapeutic target and biomarker of poor prognosis in HCC, possibly by facilitating tumor proliferation, which is mediated partly by cell cycle signaling activation.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação E da Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação E da Anemia de Fanconi/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Fatores de Transcrição E2F/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Análise de Sobrevida
9.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 542: 40-47, 2021 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33486190

RESUMO

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two major subtypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, which are multifactorial diseases that may develop due to genetic susceptibility, dysbiosis, or environmental factors. Environmental triggers of IBD include food-borne factors, and a previous nationwide survey in Japan identified pre-illness consumption of isoflavones as a risk factor for UC. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the detrimental effects of isoflavones on the intestinal mucosa remain unclear. The present study employed human colonic organoids (hCOs) to investigate the functional effect of two representative isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, on human colonic epithelial cells. The addition of genistein to organoid reformation assays significantly decreased the number and size of reformed hCOs compared with control and daidzein treatment, indicating an inhibitory effect of genistein on colonic cell/progenitor cell function. Evaluation of the phosphorylation status of 49 different receptor tyrosine kinases showed that genistein selectively inhibited phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). We established a two-dimensional wound-repair model using hCOs and showed that genistein significantly delayed the overall wound-repair response. Our results collectively show that genistein may exert its detrimental effects on the intestinal mucosa via negative regulation of stem/progenitor cell function, possibly leading to sustained mucosal injury and the development of UC.

10.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 524(3): 533-541, 2020 04 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32014254

RESUMO

The early-phase wound repair response of the intestinal epithelium is characterized by rapid and organized cell migration. This response is regulated by several humoral factors, including TGF-ß. However, due to a lack of appropriate models, the precise response of untransformed intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to those factors is unclear. In this study, we established an in vitro wound repair model of untransformed IECs, based on native type-I collagen. In our system, IECs formed a uniform monolayer in a two-chamber culture insert and displayed a stable wound repair response. Gene expression analysis revealed significant induction of Apoa1, Apoa4, and Wnt4 during the collagen-guided wound repair response. The wound repair response was enhanced significantly by the addition of TGF-ß. Surprisingly, addition of TGF-ß induced a set of genes, including Slc28a2, Tubb2a, and Cpe, that were expressed preferentially in fetal IECs. Moreover, TGF-ß significantly increased the peak velocity of migrating IECs and, conversely, reduced the time required to reach the peak velocity, as confirmed by the motion vector prediction (MVP) method. Our current in vitro system could be employed to assess other humoral factors involved in IEC migration and could contribute to a deeper understanding of the wound repair potentials of untransformed IECs.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular/genética , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feto/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/patologia , Modelos Biológicos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia , Cicatrização/genética , Animais , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Organoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Organoides/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/genética , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos
11.
Naturwissenschaften ; 106(5-6): 15, 2019 Apr 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30989338

RESUMO

The yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina has become one of the major alien species in European and East Asian countries. As in its homeland, the invading V. velutina is reported as the major predator of honeybees and is becoming a threat to beekeeping in Europe. However, it remains unknown how V. velutina might affect native hornets when it invades Asia, where a large number of Vespa species are distributed. Thus, by analyzing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, we investigated whether interspecific mating occurs between V. velutina and Japanese native Vespa spp. Our results showed that the alien V. velutina causes reproductive interference in Japanese native hornet Vespa simillima. Forty-three percent of native V. simillima queens had the sperm of V. velutina males, and among the all V. simillima queens analyzed, 28% only had V. velutina sperm. We did not find evidence of V. velutina queens having the sperm of V. simillima males. These findings suggest that reproductive interference by V. velutina males poses a threat to the native V. simillima populations. A decline of V. simillima may also negatively affect other insects that interact with V. simillima.


Assuntos
Espécies Introduzidas , Vespas/fisiologia , Animais , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Japão , Reprodução/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Vespas/genética
13.
Acta Cardiol Sin ; 32(5): 565-569, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27713605

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of statins prevents the progression of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). METHODS: We reviewed data obtained from IHD patients who underwent first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients underwent follow-up coronary angiography (re-CAG) after PCI. However, only patients with LDL-C levels less than 100 mg/dL at PCI were included in this study. Ultimately, 92 patients were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups: 1) patients who were treated with statins (n = 69), and 2) patients who were not treated with statins (n = 23). RESULTS: The two groups had similar LDL-C levels at PCI. At re-CAG, the ratio of patients who underwent PCI for de novo lesion in the statin group was lower than that in the non-statin group (12% vs. 48%) (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, statin usage and LDL-C level at PCI were independent predictors of the ratio of patients undergoing PCI for de novo lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Statins therapy for patients whose LDL-C levels are less than 100 mg/dL has a beneficial effect on secondary prevention of IHD.

14.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu ; 85(6): 571-8, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25799869

RESUMO

The current study used video clips of bowing actions depicted by three-dimensional computer graphics. The bend angle (15 degrees and 45 degrees) and duration of the bent posture (0-4.5 seconds) were varied. In the first experiment, the participants rated their subjective impressions of the bowing actions. The bowing actions that were made at a 45 degrees angle and held for more than 1 second were rated as courteous. Bowing motions held for shorter durations were rated as smooth. In the second experiment, the participants evaluated whether a bowing action was appropriate for a specific social context. The participants judged 15 degrees-angle bowing of no/ very short duration appropriate for greeting, 45 degrees-angle bowing of no / short duration appropriate for gratitude, and 45 degrees-angle bowing for about 2 seconds appropriate for an apology. The results of these two experiments are discussed in terms of how angle and duration influence the impressions and evaluations of the appropriateness of a bowing acion.


Assuntos
Postura , Comportamento Social , Adulto , Gráficos por Computador , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravação em Vídeo
15.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci ; 27(10): 1426-35, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25178294

RESUMO

Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.

16.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 10803, 2024 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38734771

RESUMO

The northern giant hornet Vespa mandarinia (NGH) is a voracious predator of other insect species, including honey bees. NGH's native range spans subtropical and temperate regions across much of east and southeast Asia and, in 2019, exotic populations of the species were discovered in North America. Despite this broad range and invasive potential, investigation of the population genomic structure of NGH across its native and introduced ranges has thus far been limited to a small number of mitochondrial samples. Here, we present analyses of genomic data from NGH individuals collected across the species' native range and from exotic individuals collected in North America. We provide the first survey of whole-genome population variation for any hornet species, covering this species' native and invasive ranges, and in doing so confirm likely origins in Japan and South Korea for the two introductions. We additionally show that, while this introduced population exhibited strongly elevated levels of inbreeding, these signatures of inbreeding are also present in some long-standing native populations, which may indicate that inbreeding depression alone is insufficient to prevent the persistence of NGH populations. As well as highlighting the importance of ongoing monitoring and eradication efforts to limit the spread of this species outside of its natural range, our data will serve as a foundational database for future genomic studies into introduced hornet populations.


Assuntos
Espécies Introduzidas , Vespas , Animais , América do Norte , Vespas/genética , Genética Populacional , Genômica/métodos , Variação Genética , Endogamia , Genoma de Inseto
17.
Ecol Lett ; 16(3): 362-70, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23279602

RESUMO

Several recent studies have emphasised that community composition alters species trait evolution. Here, we demonstrate that differences in composition of local herbivore communities lead to divergent trait evolution of the leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora through plant-mediated indirect interactions. Our field surveys, genetic analyses and community-manipulation experiments show that herbivore community composition determines the degree of herbivore-induced regrowth of willows (Salicaceae), which in turn, promotes the divergent evolution of feeding preference in the leaf beetle from exclusive preference for new leaves to a lack of preference among leaf-age types. Regrowth intensity depends both on the differential response of willows to different herbivore species and the integration of those herbivore species in the community. Because herbivore-induced regrowth involves phenological changes in new leaf production, leaf beetle populations develop divergent feeding preferences according to local regrowth intensity. Therefore, herbivore community composition shapes the selection regime for leaf beetle evolution through trait-mediated indirect interactions.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Besouros/genética , Ecossistema , Herbivoria , Salix/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares , Modelos Lineares , Masculino
18.
Psychol Res ; 77(6): 687-97, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23344902

RESUMO

Pattern redundancy is a key concept for representing the amount of internal mental load (encoding efficiency) needed for pattern perception/recognition. The present study investigated how pattern redundancy influences encoding and memory processes in the visual system using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. With RSVP, it is well known that participants often fail to detect repetitions of words (repetition blindness, RB). We used this phenomenon as an index of the encoding and storage of visual patterns. In three experiments, we presented patterns with higher and lower redundancy, as defined by Garner's equivalent set size (ESS). The results showed that RB occurred more frequently for higher redundancy patterns when the temporal distance between the targets was less than 500 ms; this tendency was reversed with longer temporal distances of over 500 ms. Our results suggest that pattern redundancy modulates both the early encoding and subsequent memory processes of a representation.


Assuntos
Memória/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
19.
Cancer Med ; 12(1): 619-630, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35666024

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) needs to be pandemic-resilient to avoid long-lasting shutdowns; however, realistic participation target remains unelucidated. This study aimed to identify the lowest acceptable participation rate in CRCS during a pandemic, focusing on vulnerable older populations who require urgent intervention. METHODS: This nationwide cross-sectional study included 80,946 inpatients aged 70-85 years who were first diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) after 70 years of age, between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2019, in Japan. To evaluate the association between area-level CRCS participation rate and individual early CRC detection, a multilevel logistic regression model was constructed. The mandatorily implemented screening rates were converted to the total screening rate equivalents (TSREs), which reflect the remaining contributions of voluntarily provided screenings. RESULTS: Early detections during stages 0-I were significantly observed when primary screening rate was ≥38% (TSRE) and combined follow-up rate was ≥85%. For early detection during Tis-T1, primary screening rate ≥ 38% (TSRE) and combined follow-up rate ≥ 90% were necessary. For follow-up rates ≥70% or ≥75%, there were cases where missed detection of Tis-T1 were observed. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that, even during pandemic, CRCS should achieve a primary screening rate of 38% and follow-up rate of 85% for vulnerable older populations. These values, lower than the current desirable rates, suggest the maximum possible compromise in balancing the resources between cancer screening and pandemic measures. Moreover, they also indicate the minimum target for shifting to fecal immunochemical test-focused program. Further explorations with varied CRCS settings are necessary for verification.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Programas de Rastreamento , Colonoscopia
20.
STAR Protoc ; 4(3): 102374, 2023 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37352105

RESUMO

Current techniques for producing induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived mid/hindgut spheroids have faced major hurdles in consistency and reproducibility. Here, we present a protocol that uses mid/hindgut cells to generate homogeneous spheroids that subsequently mature into human intestinal organoids (HIOs). We describe steps for stepwise differentiation and spheroid formation using a 96-well plate. We then detail cell maturation in a suspended state and the implementation of a rotational bioreactor platform to maximize the culture efficiency of larger HIOs. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Takahashi et al.1.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Organoides , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Intestinos , Reatores Biológicos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA