Newborn Life Support course: does it make me more confident when resuscitating a newborn?

AIM: To describe the effectiveness of the Newborn Life Support (NLS) course in terms of attendees' knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, and clinical applicability. METHODS: We conducted an electronic survey of NLS course attendees (NLS + group). A control group (NLS-) was recruited via our regional perinatal network. The survey data were analyzed anonymously. Multiple linear regression analysis examined the following: NLS course, job tenure, maternity level, and profession. RESULTS: The survey completion rate was 62% (200/323) for the NLS + group. Among participants, 84% had participated in neonatal resuscitation since their course. The scores for positive perceived experience for neonatal resuscitation (fluency, security, and quality of care delivered) were higher in the NLS + group than the NLS- group (p<.006). After adjustment, the independent factors associated with a higher positive perceived experience were the NLS course, work in tertiary level maternity ward, and job tenure >5 years. The multiple-choice questions (MCQs) score (n = 10) was 8.2 ± 1.3 (NLS+) vs. 6.7 ± 1.5 (NLS-) (p<.0001). NLS course, medical degree, and work in a tertiary level maternity ward were independently associated with higher knowledge scores. CONCLUSIONS: The NLS course was associated with a positive perceived experience regarding neonatal resuscitation.Key notesNeonatal resuscitation training programs, like the Newborn Life Support (NLS), have been developed to improve the management and outcomes of newborns with poor adaptation at birth.The NLS course was associated with better knowledge of, and a positive perceived experience (fluency, safety, and quality of care delivered) regarding, neonatal resuscitation.Participation to the NLS course seems to strengthen the perceived self-efficacy in healthcare professionals, which is critical to performing neonatal resuscitation.

Unusual transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Bordeaux, France, 2009.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is usually transmitted by mosquitoes. We report 2 cases in France transmitted by other modes: occupational blood exposure and blood transfusion. Even where malaria is not endemic, it should be considered as a cause of unexplained acute fever.

Nasal high-frequency percussive ventilation vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure in newborn infants respiratory distress: A cross over clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if nasal high-frequency percussive ventilation (nHFPV) to manage neonatal respiratory distress decreases the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2 ) compared to nasal continous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, monocentric, open-label, noninferiority crossover trial. Newborns of gestational age (GA) ≥ 33 weeks exhibiting persistent respiratory distress after 10 minutes of life were treated with nHFPV and nCPAP, in succession and in random order. The primary endpoint was the mean rScO2 , as revealed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS: Forty-nine newborns were randomized; the mean GA and birth weight was 36.4 ± 1.9 weeks and 2718 ± 497 g. The mean rScO2 difference during the last 5 minutes of each ventilation mode (nHFPV minus nCPAP) was -0.7 ± 5.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.25; 0.95%). CONCLUSION: In our study on newborns of GA ≥33 weeks treated for respiratory distress, cerebral oxygenation via nHFPV was not inferior to nCPAP.

Toward the integration of global longitudinal strain analysis in the assessment of neonatal aortic coarctation? A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is still challenging to diagnose in neonates with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Speckle tracking echocardiography allows reliable analysis of myocardial deformation in newborns and seems to provide important insides into regional changes in patients with left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction. AIMS: To assess the interest of LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) measurement for predicting CoA in neonates with PDA and prenatal suspicion. METHODS: Prospective single-center study. Twenty-two newborns with prenatal suspicion of CoA were included. All newborns were evaluated in the first 12 hours of life. To assess the feasibility and the reproducibility of GLS, 14 healthy full-term newborns with PDA (group 3) were screened. CoA was diagnosed when DA closed, according to usual echocardiographic criteria. RESULTS: Six neonates developed CoA after DA closure (group 1) whereas 16 did not (group 2). Mean gestational age and birth weight were not different between the groups. GLS measurements were possible in 100%. Intra- and inter-observer variability of strain measurements was acceptable. GLS values were significantly lower in neonates who developed CoA (P=0.015). To predict CoA, cut-off value of -17.42% gave the best compromise for sensitivity (83%) and specificity (72%). Aortic arch dimensions were modestly correlated with strain values. The presence of a bicuspid aortic valve was not associated with significant lower GLS values. CONCLUSION: LV GLS analysis is a feasible and reproducible echocardiographic technique in newborns with PDA. Newborns who will develop CoA seem to have lower values of GLS than healthy neonates. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Invasive fungal disease in PICU: epidemiology and risk factors.

Candida and Aspergillus spp. are the most common agents responsible for invasive fungal infections in children. They are associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate as well as high health care costs. An important increase in their incidence has been observed during the past two decades. In infants and children, invasive candidiasis is five times more frequent than invasive aspergillosis. Candida sp. represents the third most common agent found in healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in children. Invasive aspergillosis is more often associated with hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Recommendations concerning prophylactic treatment for invasive aspergillosis have been recently published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Candida albicans is the main Candida sp. associated with invasive candidiasis in children, even if a strong trend toward the emergence of Candida non-albicans has been observed. The epidemiology and the risk factors for invasive fungal infections are quite different if considering previously healthy children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit, or children with a malignancy or a severe hematological disease (leukemia). In children, the mortality rate for invasive aspergillosis is 2.5 to 3.5 higher than for invasive candidiasis (respectively 70% vs. 20% and 30%).

Nasal high frequency percussive ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in transient tachypnea of the newborn: a pilot randomized controlled trial (NCT00556738).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nasal high frequency percussive ventilation (NHFPV) would decrease duration of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in newborn infants. METHODS: A prospective, unmasked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 46 eligible newborn infants who were hospitalized for TTN in the University Hospital of Bordeaux (France) between 2007 and 2009. Infants born by cesarian section ≥37 GA, ≥2,000 g with diagnosis of TTN and with a transcutaneous saturation <90% at 20 min after birth were eligible. Infants were randomized to either NHFPV or NCPAP. The primary endpoint was a reduction of the duration of TTN. Secondary endpoints were the duration of oxygen therapy and the minimal level required to obtain a saturation between 90% and 96% integrated into an index which included a time factor: [(FiO2 -21)/time of O2 therapy]. RESULTS: In the NHFPV group the duration of TTN was half the time of NCPAP group (105 min ± 20 and 377 min ± 150, respectively; P < 0.0001). There was a significant decrease in duration of oxygen supplementation in the NHFPV group (6.3 min ± 3.3) compared to the NCPAP group (19.1 min ± 8.1; P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in level of oxygen supplementation [(FiO2 -0.21)/time of O2 therapy] in the NHFPV group (0.29 min(-1) ± 0.16) compared to the NCPAP group (0.46 min(-1) ± 0.50; P < 0.001). There was no complication and NHFPV was as well tolerated as NCPAP. CONCLUSION: NHFPV is well tolerated and more effective than NCPAP in treatment of TTN. NHFPV might be a novel and safe tool to manage TTN. Pediatr Pulmonol.