A Single Mindfulness-Based Meditation Session Can Produce Reductions in Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Several non-drug treatment approaches for systemic arterial hypertension have been studied aimed at reducing the adverse effects of this clinical condition. In addition to exercise training, which already has many of its modalities consolidated in the scientific field, body and mind practices have gained strength and deserve attention in the science and treatment of hypertension. The literature shows that meditation practices have numerous health benefits, one of which is blood pressure (BP) control. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a single mindfulness-based meditation on BP in adults with hypertension. METHODS: Research was developed that evaluated the BP of 5 adult women with controlled hypertension. As a data collection instrument, we used 2 sessions of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM): the first was a control session and the second a meditation session. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were evaluated at the pre- and post-session in addition to heart rate (HR), with clinical and ambulatorial measurements, during the day, night, morning surge and a 24-hour period. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the ABPM data and two-way ANOVA to analyze blood pressure. RESULTS: The main results found were a statistically significant reduction in SBP in the morning and a tendency toward a significant decrease in MBP during the same period (P = .057). There were no significant changes in the other variables analyzed. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we concluded that a single meditation session was effective only in reducing morning SBP.

Frenetic, under-Challenged, and Worn-out Burnout Subtypes among Brazilian Primary Care Personnel: Validation of the Brazilian "Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire" (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12).

Primary healthcare personnel show high levels of burnout. A new model of burnout has been developed to distinguish three subtypes: frenetic, under-challenged, and worn-out, which are characterized as overwhelmed, under-stimulated, and disengaged at work, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the long/short Brazilian versions of the "Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire" (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12) among Brazilian primary healthcare staff and its possible associations with other psychological health-related outcomes. An online cross-sectional study conducted among 407 Brazilian primary healthcare personnel was developed. Participants answered a Brazil-specific survey including the BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12, "Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey", "Utrecht Work Engagement Scale", "Hospital Anxiety/Depression Scale", "Positive-Negative Affect Schedule", and a Visual Analogue Scale of guilt at work. The bifactor was the model with the best fit to the data using the BCSQ-36, which allowed a general factor for each subtype. The three-correlated factors model fit better to the BCSQ-12. Internal consistence was appropriate, and the convergence between the long-short versions was high. The pattern of relationships between the burnout subtypes and the psychological outcomes suggested a progressive deterioration from the frenetic to the under-challenged and worn-out. In sum, the Brazilian BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12 showed appropriate psychometrics to be used in primary healthcare personnel.

Use of a smartphone app combined with gamification to increase the level of physical activity of adults and older adults: protocol of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: There is scientific evidence suggesting that app-based interventions targeted to increase the level of physical activity might be effective, although multicomponent interventions appear to be more effective than app-based interventions alone. Despite the motivating results, it remains unclear whether or not app-based interventions can increase the level of physical activity and cardiovascular health. Our study aims to investigate the effect of a smartphone app combined with gamification on the level of physical activity of adults and older adults. The specific aims are (1) to verify the effects of the intervention on cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health, lung function, and cardiorespiratory fitness; and (2) to verify the relationship between age group and the response rate. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). The adaptive intervention protocol will last 6 months. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomized into one of three groups (group 1: app + tailored messages; group 2: app + tailored messages + gamification I; control group: physical activity counseling). For 12 weeks, we will record the average number of steps per day of participants from groups 1 and 2. At 6 weeks from initiation of recording, participants will be classified into responders and non-responders according to their increase in the average number of daily steps; all those considered as non-responders will be re-randomized, with the chance to participate in a third group - group 3: app + tailored messages + gamification II. Finally, at 12 weeks, participants will continue using the app but will no longer receive direct intervention from investigators. All participants will be reassessed at 3 and 6 months from baseline. Our pilot SMART will require 42 participants (14 per arm). Following the SMART pilot, we will calculate the sample size for the trial based on the variation of the average number of steps/day, including an up to 40% loss to follow-up and a less optimistic nonresponse rate of 65%. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this will be the first trial with adaptive intervention to test the effectiveness of using a smartphone app to increase the level of physical activity of adults and older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-8xtc9c. Registered on 3 August 2018, http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br; UTN number: U1111-1218-1092.

Amateur surfing on the south coast of são paulo: lifestyle and work as factors for practice engagement / O surfe amador no litoral sul de são paulo: estilo de vida e trabalho como fatores de aderência à prática

ABSTRACT The present study addresses correlations between lifestyle and engagement in physical activity, in addition to discussing the conditions that make it possible for amateurs to continue with a complex practice such as surfing for a long time. To this end, we interviewed eleven surfers with more than ten years of uninterrupted practice on the south coast of São Paulo. Using content analysis, it was possible to find that their permanence is less influenced by matters of gender, age and marital status (usually prioritized in the literature on the topic) than by employment conditions. It is argued that engagement in surfing is linked to the lifestyle and ideals of youth, while the conditions that lead amateurs to keep this practice involve family and employment relationships, the stability of which provides security to routine and modulates the games between social and nature times. Thus, mature surfers narrate a way of living that values prudent attitudes as a means for re-signifying surfing in their lives, pointing to a transformation of the surf culture. It is considered that the relationships between permanence in practice and job stability are worth investigating in further studies.

RESUMO No presente estudo, tratamos das relações entre estilo de vida e aderência à atividade física e discutimos as condições que possibilitam a longa permanência de amadores numa prática complexa como o surfe. Para tanto, entrevistamos onze surfistas com mais de dez anos de prática ininterrupta no litoral sul de São Paulo. Por meio de uma análise de conteúdo, foi possível constatar que a sua permanência é menos influenciada por questões de gênero, idade e estado civil (geralmente priorizada na literatura sobre o tema) do que condições empregatícias. Discute-se que adesão ao surfe é vinculada ao estilo de vida e aos ideais de juventude, ao passo que as condições de continuidade da prática dos amadores envolvem a família e os vínculos de emprego, cuja estabilidade dá segurança à rotina e modula os jogos entre os tempos sociais e da natureza. Assim, os surfistas maduros narram um modo de viver que valoriza atitudes prudentes como uma forma de ressignificação do surfe em suas vidas, apontando para uma transformação da cultura do surfe. Considera-se que as relações entre permanência na prática e estabilidade do emprego merecem ser investigadas em estudos futuros.

A meditação no esporte de alto rendimento: revisão sistematizada da literatura / Meditation in high performance sports: a systematic literature review / La meditación en el deporte de alto rendimiento: revisión sistematizada de la literatura

Este artigo analisa as evidências de estudos observacionais que avaliaram o desempenho es-portivo de atletas sob programas de meditação. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases: LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed e MEDLINE. Qualificaram-se as evidências pela escala PEDro e tabula-ram-se os protocolos utilizados para o treino, os parâmetros avaliados e os efeitos da medita-ção na performance e as modalidades esportivas. Treze trabalhos foram analisados e apresen-taram associação positiva entre meditação e aumento da performance esportiva, entre os quais houve predominância de abordagens comportamentais e avaliação dos preditores cognitivos do desempenho esportivo individual. Apesar dos resultados positivos, os protocolos de medi-tação utilizados demonstraram inconsistências com os fundamentos do treinamento esportivo.

This article analyzes the evidence in observational studies that have evaluated the athletic performance of individuals in meditation programs. The research was carried out on scientific bases such as Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed and Medline. The evidence was evaluated according to the PEDro scale, where the protocols used for training, sports modalities and meditation ef-fects were systematized. We analyzed 13 studies that showed a positive correlation between meditation and increased athletic performance. Among them, behavioral approaches and the evaluation of cognitive predictors of individual athletic performance predominated. Despite the positive outcomes, the used meditation protocols have demonstrated to be inconsistent according to the sports training fundamentals.

Este artículo analiza las evidencias de estudios de observación que evaluaron el desempeño deportivo de atletas bajo programas de meditación. La investigación se realizó en las bases: Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed y Medline. Se calificaron las evidencias por la escala PEDro y se ta-bularon los protocolos utilizados para el entrenamiento; los parámetros evaluados y efectos de meditación en la performance; y las modalidades deportivas. Se analizaron 13 trabajos que presentaron asociación positiva entre meditación y aumento de la performance, con predomi-nio de abordajes de comportamiento y evaluación de los predictores cognitivos del rendimien-to. A pesar de los resultados positivos, los protocolos de meditación demuestran inconsisten-cias con los fundamentos del entrenamiento desportivo.

Corpo-máquina: diálogos entre discursos científicos e a ginástica / Cuerpo-máquina: diálogos entre discursos científicos y la gimnasia / Machine-body: dialogues between scientific discourse and gymnastics

Este artigo objetivou a descrição de discursos científicos e práticas modernas sobre o corpo em um recorte temporal delimitado pelo século XIX e virada do século XX, identificando a consolidação da representação de corpo-máquina como fonte de inspiração para outras práticas, como a literatura, a fotografia e, principalmente, a ginástica, no contexto da produção cultural europeia. Teve como fontes os discursos de Claude Bernard e Georges Demeny. Concluiu, ao analisar esses discursos, que a metáfora do corpo-máquina influenciou a ginástica, que, para se justificar como prática, nos termos de Demeny, evoluiu para sua fase positiva.

This article aimed to describe scientific discourse and modern practices about the body in the nineteenth century and the turn of the twentieth century, identifying the consolidation of the machine-body representation as influential in other practices such as literature, photography, and especially gymnastics in the context of European cultural production. Its sources were discourses of Claude Bernard and Georges Demeny. After analyzing those discourses, it concluded that the machine-body metaphor influenced gymnastics, which, in order to justify itself as a practice, in the Demeny´s words, evolved to its positive phase.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir discursos científicos y prácticas modernas sobre el cuerpo en el siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX, identificando la consolidación de la representación del cuerpo-máquina como fuente de inspiración para otras prácticas, como la literatura, la fotografía y, en especial, la gimnasia, en el contexto de la producción cultural europea. Se utilizaron como fuentes los discursos de Claude Bernard y Georges Demeny. El estudio concluyó, al analizar estos discursos, que la metáfora del cuerpo-máquina influyó en la gimnasia que, para justificarse como práctica, en los términos de Demeny, evolucionó hacia su fase positiva.

Espinosa, alegria e conhecimento em educação física / Spinoza, joy and knowledge in physical education / Spinosa alegria e conocimento en la educacion fisica

Estas são reflexões acerca da alegria como forma de conhecimento intelectual e teórico que compõe o amplo campo da Educação Física, como pressuposto fundamental do sujeito ao lançar-se à ação corporal e suas repercussões na ainda mais complexa área da Saú -de. O objetivo do texto é ser introdutório à ideia de alegria expressa no pensamento do filósofo seiscentista Espinosa, como disparador de ressonâncias entre Educação Física e Saúde. Foi realizada uma análise da obra “Ética”, amparada por pensadores da Filosofia e da Educação Física. Chegou-se à infância como o modelo vivo das ideias de Espinosa, em que o entusiasmo da criação do mundo e da vida entra em acorde ressonante com a construção de uma forma de saúde, do corpo e sua educação, em maior liberdade e autonomia.

These are reflections about joy as a form of intellectual and theoretical knowledge that includesthe large field of Physical Education, based on a fundamental assumption about the importance of physical action, and its impact on the complex area of Health. The aimof the text is to be an introduction to the idea of joy expressed in the thoughts of thephilosopher Spinoza, as a trigger for the connections between Physical Education andHealth. An analysis of the work "Ethics" was completed, sustained by general works fromPhilosophy and Physical Education. It looked at chilhood as a model for Spinoza’s ideas,where enthusiasm for the creation of the world and life are connected to a particular typeof health, from the body and its education, based on greater freedom and autonomy.

Estas son algunas reflexiones sobre la alegría como forma de conocimiento intelectual yteórico del amplio campo de la educación física, como presupuesto fundamental del sujetoal lanzarse a la acción corporal y sus repercusiones en la aún más compleja área de lasalud. El objetivo del texto es que sirva de introducción a la idea de la alegría presente enel pensamiento del filósofo Espinosa, como generador de resonancias entre la educaciónfísica y la salud. Se realizó un análisis de la obra Ética, llegando a la infancia como modelovivo de las ideas de Espinosa en las cuales el entusiasmo de la creación del mundo yde la vida, entra en concordancia con la construcción de una forma de salud, del cuerpo ysu educación, con mayor libertad y autonomía.

O corpo e o movimento como matrizes de criação e conhecimento: paralelos entre a poiésis grega e o vitalismo schopenhauriano / The body and movement as arrays of creation and knowledge: parallels between the greek poiesis and the Schopenhauer's vitalism

Esse artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o corpo e sua relação com o conhecimento tendo como ponto de partida a epistemologia aristotélica, mais especificamente, a distinção entre Theoria, Práxis e Poiésis. As ciências teoréticas foram consideradas, pelo próprio Aristóteles, como as de mais elevado valor. Também as ciências práticas tiveram seu posterior reconhecimento, sobretudo, pelo desenvolvimento científico moderno. Já as ciências poiéticas parecem representar uma possibilidade epistemológica pouco reconhecida pela tradição do pensamento ocidental, sendo relegadas à condição de supérfluas. Em um primeiro momento desse texto buscamos identificar alguns limites da tradição pós aristotélica fundamentada nesses conceitos e que apresentam relação com a educação do corpo. Nesse esforço detectamos, por um lado, um modelo fortemente marcado pela redução racionalista da causalidade, e por outro, uma amplitude mal explorada do conceito de Kínesis (movimento). Com base em uma metodologia filosófica-conceitual buscamos apresentar perspectivas para a constituição de novos olhares sobre essa temática, talvez mais capazes de considerar a poiésis como suporte epistemológico para os saberes sobre o corpo e o movimento. Para tanto, encontramos amparo, sobretudo, a partir do suporte de filosofias vitalistas como a de Arthur Schopenhauer.

This article presents a thinking between the body and its relationship with the knowledge and it has, as a starting point, the Aristotle's epistemology, more specifically, the distinction among Theoria, Práxis and Poiésis. Aristotle himself considered the theoretical sciences as the most valuable ones. The practical sciences also had their recognition afterwards, above all by the modern development. On the other hand, the poetic sciences seem to represent an epistemological possibility little recognized by the traditional Western thinking, being undervalued in a condition of superficial. In the beginning of this text we seek to identify some posterior Aristotle's tradition boundaries based in these concepts and which represent a relation to the body education. With such effort we detect, on one side, a model strongly set by the rationalist reduction of causality, and on the other hand, an ill-explored range Kinesis (movement) concept. Based on a philosophicconceptual methodology we intent to present perspectives to build novel views on this subject, perhaps more capable to considering the Poiésis as the epistemological support to the body knowledge and movement. As for that we find aid, above all from the support of vitalistic philosophies, as Arthur Schopenhauer's.

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el cuerpo y su relación con el conocimiento que tiene como punto de partida la epistemología aristotélica, más concretamente, la distinción entre Theoria, Praxis y Poiesis. La teoría de las ciencias fueron consideradas por el mismo Aristóteles, como el principal. Las ciencias prácticas, a su vez, tenía un mayor reconocimiento, especialmente por el desarrollo científico moderno. Las ciencias poiéticas parecen representar una tradición epistemológica poco conocida del pensamiento occidental, relegadas a la condición de superfluas. Al principio se trata de identificar algunos de los límites de la tradición posterior a Aristóteles y sus relaciones con la educación del cuerpo. En este esfuerzo nos encontramos, en primer lugar, en contra de un modelo fuertemente marcado por la reducción racionalista de la causalidad, y en segundo lugar, un concepto de rango inexplorado de kinesis (movimiento). Basado en una metodología conceptual-filosófico se presentan las perspectivas para la creación de nuevos contornos sobre el tema, tal vez más capaz de considerar la poiesis como apoyo para el conocimiento sobre el cuerpo y el movimiento. Para ello, nos encontramos con el apoyo de las filosofías vitalistas como a de Arthur Schopenhauer.