The Phenomenon of Bereaved Parenting: An Integrative Review of Literature.

Bereaved parenting, a role that entails parenting surviving children after experiencing the death of a child, is a unique but understudied phenomenon within bereavement research. Not much is known about the impact of a child's death on this crucial familial role. An integrative review of literature of 20 studies across psychology, nursing, communications, social work, and family sciences was undertaken to determine the current state of science regarding bereaved parenting. Results revealed three influential contexts: the general context of parental grief and bereavement, described as traumatic and life-changing experiences; the personal context of the resulting parental changes and coping strategies; and the relational context of the subsequent parenting of surviving children, an experience characterized by periodic conflict between personal and children's needs, emotional fluctuations, challenges with levels of protectiveness and control, and a heightened sense of responsibility within the parental role. Discussion of results and implications for research are presented.

A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY OF THE PROCESS USED TO NEGOTIATE CONDOM USE AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

This review of the literature identifies themes, variable, goals, and gaps in the literature related to HIV and AIDS among African American women. Black Feminist Epistemology and symbolic interactionism are used as a theoretical perspective and philosophical framework to examine experiences and social behaviors of African-American women and to guide and framework to explain the findings from the literature. This theoretical perspective/philosophical framework can also be used in understanding processes used by African-American women in behavioral, social, and intimate interactions.

A Power in Clinical Nursing Practice: Concept Analysis on Nursing Intuition.

Growing evidence suggests intuition in nursing is an important part of effective clinical decision making that supports safe patient care. In this article, the concept of intuition as it relates to decision-making processes among novice nurses is analyzed.

Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault With Tetrahydrozoline (Visine): A Case Report.

ABSTRACT: This is a case presentation of an 18-year-old male victim who experienced a drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). The drug used to incapacitate him was tetrahydrozoline (Visine) given rectally. Tetrahydrozoline, intended for ophthalmic administration, is in the class of drugs known as imidazoline receptor agonists and has been used as an agent for DFSA since the 1940s. DFSA is increasing, particularly among young men. Care of victims of DFSA is discussed with particular attention to mental health sequelae in this patient population.

The role of nonperpetrating fathers in Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a review of the literature.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a psychiatric condition and form of child abuse in which a caregiver, usually a mother, induces illness in a child to gain attention for herself. Because children that are abused by a MSBP perpetrator are likely to be hospitalized multiple times, it is important for the nurse to know warning signs and symptoms of MSBP. Of particular interest is the role of the child's parent that is not involved in the abuse, usually the father. This article presents a review of literature on MSBP, focusing on the role of the nonperpetrating fathers.

Correlates to Increased Risk of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Among LGBT+ University Students.

BACKGROUND: Although the rates of sexual assault in general are alarming, students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, asexual, or pansexual, hereafter referred to as LGBT+, are even more likely to experience sexual assault. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the correlates to sexual assault and other forms of sexual misconduct of LGBT+ college students. METHODS: The Administrator Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative campus climate survey was administered at 10 universities, and a final sample size of 6,973 student surveys were analyzed. All continuous and categorical data were compared by sexual orientation using linear mixed models and logistic generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS: In this study, we learned that LGBT+ students are more likely than their heterosexual peers to have friends who approve of risky sexual behavior, which is correlated with sexual victimization; understand that absence of physical resistance does not confer consent; engage in bystander intervention; and anticipate supportive responses from peers. LGBT+ students are less likely than their heterosexual peers to feel an overall sense of well-being, perceive that the campus climate regarding sexual misconduct was positive, and feel that the campus was safe. There were no differences between LGBT+ students and heterosexual students regarding most elements of consent, perpetration of any sexual misconduct (stalking, sexual harassment, sexual assault), or stalking victimization. DISCUSSION: Interventions to reduce campus sexual assault must be tailored to fit the students. Lack of clarity around consent and bystander intervention education are the mainstay of campus sexual assault prevention efforts.

Factor Analysis of the Administrator-Research Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Survey.

Sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, and sexual harassment present serious challenges to the health and well-being of college students across the United States. An estimated one in five female college students is sexually assaulted during college. Under the federal protection of Title IX, institutions of higher education are responsible for addressing sexual harassment and sexual misconduct as forms of discrimination, thus campus climate surveys are increasingly being conducted in campus settings to examine student beliefs and experiences about sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, sexual harassment, and related campus prevention and response efforts. The Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Campus Climate Survey was designed to assess a range of Title IX violations that include sexual harassment, dating violence, and sexual misconduct victimization and perpetration. This article used a sample of students drawn from seven universities to assess the psychometric properties of the ARC3 survey. Specifically, factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) was used to examine the factor structure of each module of the ARC3 survey. Results indicated that the majority of modules within the ARC3 survey were valid and reliable. Recommendations are provided for university administration to utilize a scorecard approach in order to get a brief but comprehensive view of campus safety status.

Faculty perceptions of an accelerated baccalaureate nursing program.

In response to one of the most severe staff and faculty shortages in the history of the nursing profession, second-degree accelerated nursing programs are springing up throughout the United States. Struggles, solutions, and learning experienced by faculty teaching in an accelerated baccalaureate program in its inaugural year are described in this article. Focus groups were conducted and themes were identified. Themes included adapting to a new clinical teaching model, effectively teaching a different type of student, combining accelerated and traditional students, and learning as you go. Recommendations were made based on the data and the extant literature.

Caught in a Web of Confusion: Assessing the Readability of University Webpages for Victims of Sexual Assault.

Assuring the effectiveness of Web sites in communicating critical information to a college student who has experienced sexual assault is important and complex. Recognizing that the average American reads at the eighth grade level, the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association recommend that information be written at a sixth-grade reading level. A sample of 10 U.S. institutions of higher education (IHE) Web sites made up the sample of the current study. The IHEs included were all participants in a project called "Cultivating Safe College Campuses," funded by the Department of Health and Human Services. This study aimed to gain more insight into the readability of college Web sites about sexual assault resources for the intended consumer-college students. The reading level of IHE Web sites with information about sexual assault should align with the reading level of their intended audience. The average readability of sexual assault Webpages for this study's sample of IHEs was over 13, well above the reading level of the average "first time in college" student. All IHEs should review the readability of their Web sites and revise them to use consistent and defined terms and present the material in a way that is clear and accessible for the student who has experienced trauma.

An innovative approach to accelerated baccalaureate education.

This article highlights novelties and innovations that were successfully incorporated in the development and ongoing refinement of an accelerated nursing program for second-degree students. Using a reflective practice framework, program coordinators deliberately crafted incoming classes through constrained optimization, modified the clinical rotation model, reduced waste through efficient use of faculty and other resources, integrated clinical course work to promote contextual learning, introduced four semester themes to mitigate an obsession with content among faculty and students, and employed student-centered pedagogies that valued the depth and breadth of students' prior experiences. Program outcomes are also discussed.

Nursing Students' Experience of Sexual Harassment During Clinical Practicum: A Phenomenological Approach.

PURPOSE: To describe nursing students' experience of sexual harassment during clinical practicum. METHODS: An interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach was used to understand contextual experiences of participants. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from thirteen nursing students who experienced sexual harassment during clinical practice in general hospitals at D metropolitan city. All interviews were recorded and transcribed into Korean and English. Transcripts were analyzed using the data analysis method described by Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner. RESULTS: The following 12 themes emerged from the data: 'unprepared to respond', 'lack of education', 'unsure about when behavior crosses the line', 'power differential for nursing students', 'balancing self-preservation with obligations to patients', 'shame', 'feeling responsible for not being able to prevent the harassment', 'impact on patient care', 'fear of what might have happened', 'fear of repercussions', 'long term impact', and 'peer support'. CONCLUSION: Participants in this study described feeling an obligation to care for their patients. However, they seemed to be unable to balance this while feeling vulnerable to sexual harassment with strong negative feelings. Helping students recognize and effectively deal with sexual harassment is a critical element to assure quality learning for participants and maintain quality of care during clinical practice.

Promoting clinical competence: using scaffolded instruction for practice-based learning.

Competency-based education is essential for bridging the gap between education and practice. The attributes of competency-based education include an outcomes focus, allowance for increasing levels of competency, learner accountability, practice-based learning, self-assessment, and individualized learning experiences. One solution to this challenge is scaffolded instruction, where collaboration and knowledge facilitate learning. Collaboration refers to the role of clinical faculty who model desired clinical skills then gradually shift responsibility for nursing activity to the student. This article describes scaffolded instruction as applied in a Web-based second-degree bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) program. This second-degree BSN program uses innovative approaches to education, including a clinical component that relies on clinical coaches. Students in the program remain in their home community and complete their clinical hours with an assigned coach. The method will be described first, followed by a description of how the method was applied.

Nursing Care of Women Who Have Undergone Genital Cutting.

Female genital cutting (FGC), commonly called female genital mutilation, affects millions of women but is poorly understood by many health care providers. FGC procedures intentionally alter the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons and include partial or total removal of female genital organs. These procedures, which have no medical value, are usually done between birth and puberty. Health consequences vary in severity but can be devastating. Women who have experienced FGC may be reluctant to seek health care or to disclose their condition to providers. Suggestions for culturally competent care of women who have experienced FGC are outlined, focusing on understanding the cultural beliefs and values of women who have undergone these procedures and providing informed and sensitive care.