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Am J Surg Pathol ; 46(2): 169-178, 2022 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34265804

RESUMO

So-called primary yolk sac tumors of the vulva are very rare and often have an aggressive disease course. Their molecular features have not been previously characterized. There is also a well-documented group of SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient vulvar neoplasms, which includes proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma and myoepithelial carcinoma. Until now, "vulvar yolk sac tumors" and SMARCB1-deficient neoplasms were considered unrelated diseases. After reviewing an index case of a vulvar yolk sac tumor with loss of SMARCB1 by immunohistochemistry, we retrospectively identified 2 additional cases diagnosed as vulvar yolk sac tumors. Patient ages were 34, 32, and 25 years old, and 2 tumors were associated with a pregnancy. All 3 cases showed morphology typical of a yolk sac tumor, and by immunohistochemistry all were positive for SALL4, glypican-3, keratins, and lacked CD34 positivity. All tumors also demonstrated loss of SMARCB1 in tumor cells. Targeted molecular profiling was performed in 2 cases and identified 2 copy deletion of SMARCB1, without genomic alterations typically seen in gonadal yolk sac tumors. In the third case, isochromosome 12p was not identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. All 3 patients had either local recurrences or distant metastases, and 2 died of disease. One patient had progressive disease while receiving the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitor tazemetostat. Overall, these findings suggest that vulvar tumors with pure yolk sac-like morphology may represent morphologic variants of SMARCB1-deficient tumors and not veritable germ cell neoplasia. This potential reclassification may have both prognostic and treatment implications and warrants study of additional extragonadal yolk sac tumors.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/deficiência , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/química , Proteína SMARCB1/deficiência , Neoplasias Vulvares/química , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12 , Progressão da Doença , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/genética , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/secundário , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/cirurgia , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteína SMARCB1/genética , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Vulvares/genética , Neoplasias Vulvares/patologia , Neoplasias Vulvares/cirurgia
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