Candida parapsilosis infection following the electrosurgery procedure.

Subcutaneous mycoses are fungal infections that predominantly affect the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The most common pathogen responsible for these infections is Candida albicans; however, another yeast from this group, Candida parapsilosis, becomes the cause of increasing numbers of mycotic infections. Recent reports suggested that this microorganism may be particularly resistant to disinfectants, which can facilitate its spread through the medical staff, instruments, and biomaterial. We report a case of a patient in whom a C. parapsilosis infection occurred as a complication following a minor electrocoagulation procedure. Because all obtained laboratory findings were nonspecific, the infection could be properly diagnosed only through cultures from the skin lesion.

Electron ionization and electrospray mass spectra of diaryl-substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogs.

Electron ionization (EI) and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of selected diaryl enaminoketones and enaminothiones have been studied. In the EI mass spectra of both classes of compound, molecular ion peaks are accompanied by the peaks corresponding to the [M-H](+) ions. The formation of these ions can be rationalized by a cyclization reaction resulting in the formation of the respective isoxazolium and isothiazolium cations. Under positive ESI conditions, in the spectra recorded for the enaminoketones peaks corresponding to the [M+H](+), [M+Na](+) and [2M+Na](+) ions appeared, while in the spectra recorded for the enaminothiones, peaks corresponding to the [M-H](+) ions were dominant. These ions are most likely formed by oxidation of the neutral enaminothione molecules on the surface of the positively charged stainless steel capillary in the ESI ion source (anodic oxidation).

Radiotherapy induced hip joint avascular necrosis-Two cases report.

BACKGROUND: Avascular necrosis (AVN) refers to the death of osteocytes and osteoblasts. Sites such as the femoral head, the head of the humerus and the mandibula with restricted access to local blood supply are particularly vulnerable to osteonecrosis. A COMBINATION OF SEVERAL FACTORS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ISCHAEMIA AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH AVN: corticosteroids, alcohol abuse, Cushing's syndrome, SLE, systemic vasculitis, RA, scleroderma, haemoglobinopathies, radiotherapy. Management is based on proper diagnosis and treatment - conservative, pharmacological or surgical. Radiotherapy has become an integral part of the therapeutic programme of cancer patients. However, early and late after-effects of irradiation still constitute a significant issue in clinical practice. AIM: The aim of this report is to present two cases of acetabular protrusion and femoral head deformities after a therapeutic pelvic irradiation and draw physicians' attention to that clinical problem which continues to be underestimated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report documents two cases of acetabular protrusion and femoral head deformities after a therapeutic pelvic radiation. RESULTS: Avascular necrosis (AVN) constitutes a severe and challenging long-term complication in radiation oncology. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to take into account bone structures among organ at risk (OAR) involved in irradiation fields. The detailed analysis of the dose distribution and the use of collimators allow to decrease the total dose to OAR. An adequate management, early diagnosis and prompt, proper treatment may protect patients from long-term morbidities.

Structural studies on aryl-substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues. Part II. Experimental and DFT calculated carbon-carbon coupling constants, (n)J(CC)'s (n = 1-3).

Spin-spin carbon-carbon coupling constants across one, two and three bonds, J(CC), have been measured for a series of aryl-substituted Z-s-Z-s-E enaminoketones and their thio analogues. As a result, a large set, altogether 178, of J(CC)s has been obtained. It consists of 82 couplings across one bond, 31 couplings across two bonds and 65 couplings across three bonds. Independently, the DFT calculations at the B3PW91/6-311++G(d,p)//B3PW91/6-311++G(d,p) level yielded a set of theoretical J(CC) values. A comparison of these two sets of data gave an excellent linear correlation with parameters a and b close to ideal; a = 0.9978 which is not far from unity and b = 0.22 Hz which is close to zero. The (1)J(CC) couplings determined for the crucial fragment of the molecules, i.e. -C=C-C=O (or -C=C-C=S), are: (1)J(C=C) approximately 68 Hz (67 Hz) and (1)J(C-C) = 60.5 Hz (60.0 Hz). The corresponding couplings found for the Z-s-Z-s-E isomer of the parent enaminoketone, 4-methylamino-but-3-en-2-one are 64.1 and 59.3 Hz, respectively. The most sensitive towards substitution of the oxygen atom by sulfur are two-bond couplings between the alpha-vinylic and aromatic C(ipso) carbon atoms, which attain 12 Hz in the enaminoketone derivatives and decrease to 5 Hz in their thio analogues.

Structural studies on aryl-substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues. Part I. Analysis of high-resolution (1)H, (13)C NMR and (13)C CP MAS spectra combined with GIAO-DFT calculations.

A series of aryl-substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues in CDCl(3) solution and in the solid state were studied by the use of high-resolution (1)H and (13)C as well as (13)C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectra in combination with gauge including atomic orbitals-density functional theory (GIAO-DFT) calculations performed at the B3PW91/6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theory using the B3PW91/6-311 + + G(d,p)-optimized geometries. The analysis of the (13)C NMR spectra in solution was done by using the Incredible Natural Abundance DoublE QUAntum Transfer Experiment (INADEQUATE) technique, whereas trends observed in the (13)C shielding constants, calculated for the compounds studied, were a great help in assigning most of the signals in the (13)C CP MAS NMR spectra. It was established on the basis of the experimental and theoretical NMR data that both groups of compounds exist in the form of Z-s-Z-s-E isomers in CDCl(3) solution as well as in the solid state, with the NH hydrogen atom involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This conclusion is in agreement with the fact that some of the compounds studied reveal liquid-crystalline properties. Three-bond H, H and C, H coupling constants measured in solution played a crucial role in the structure elucidation.

Dosimetric comparison of liver tumour radiotherapy in all respiratory phases and in one phase using 4DCT.

PURPOSE: Delineation of target volume could be performed on all respiratory phases and radiation is delivered during free breathing cycle, or on the basis of one respiratory phase and deliver gated treatment choosing a specific phase for irradiation. We performed the comparison of both techniques in terms of target and normal tissue dose distributions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 26 metastatic liver tumours using 4DCT to characterize tumour motion and to create treatment volumes: GITV4D was based on all 8 respiratory phases and GTVGAT was based on one specific phase. A 5mm automatic expansion was added to the GTVs to create PTVs. Two treatment plans were prepared to the total dose of 36 Gy in 3 fractions and dose-volume distributions were analysed for the target and organs at risk. Target motion along the superior-inferior direction was greatest with the mean of 1.1 cm ± 0.3, and in the lateral the mean was 0.7 cm ± 0.3. RESULTS: GTV and PTV volumes were larger in the 4D than in the GAT, mean 30.7 vs. 19.3 cm(3), and 66.7 vs. 45.1cm(3). We achieved similar dose coverage in PTV4D, for the 4D plan, and PTVGAT for the GAT plan, but a decrease in the average minimum dose to 17.8 Gy and the average mean dose to 35.3 Gy was found in PTV4D in the GAT plan. Radiotherapy delivered using GAT resulted in lower liver doses than using 4D with reduction of mean volume receiving 5 Gy by 6.5%±5, V(15Gy) by 4.5%±3.4, V(21Gy) by 3.4%±2.8 and reduction of mean kidney volume receiving 5 Gy by 9.1%±7.9, V(15Gy) by 4.1%±6.4, V(21Gy) by 3.2%±5.6. We also found correlations between PTV volume reduction with GAT, GTV motion and doses to normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Gated radiotherapy could potentially allow a reduction in PTV volumes from those delineated on all respiratory phases, maintaining acceptable target coverage. Smaller target volumes improve doses distribution in normal tissue especially in the liver and kidney, but also spinal cord and intestine. A significant correlation has been found between dose and volume reduction in the OARs and both GTV motion and PTV volume reduction.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the calcaneal spurs radiotherapy]. / Ocena skutecznosci radioterapii bolesnych ostróg kosci pietowych.

The radiotherapy results of 46 calcaneal spurs were analysed. Patients were irradiated using fraction dose of 1.0 Gy, 1.5 Gy or 2.0 Gy up to total dose of 2.0-22.5 Gy. All patients previously had chronic pain in the plantar region influencing possibility of walking and not reacting for conventional treatment. Whole group was periodically controlled after the treatment completion. The mean follow-up period was 12.5 months. The complete pain relief was observed in 9% cases one month after treatment and in 52% during the last control. The lack of analgetic effect was noted only in 3% cases as well one month after the treatment as during the last examination. Performed statistical analysis showed only inverse significant correlation between degree of pain relief six months after the treatment and duration of symptoms. Obtained results allow to form conclusion that radiotherapy of calcaneal spurs is easy, effective and safe way of analgetic treatment giving good results after low fraction and total delivered doses and that its efficacy depends on symptoms duration what is correlated to disease stage.

Charge distribution in 7-methylguanine regarding cation-pi interaction with protein factor eIF4E.

Electric charge distribution in mRNA 5' cap terminus has been exhaustively characterized in respect to the affinity for cap-binding proteins. Formation of the stacked configuration of positively charged 7-methylguanine in between two aromatic amino acid rings, known as sandwich cation-pi stacking, is thought to be prerequisite for the specific recognition of the cap by eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E; i.e., discrimination between the cap and nucleotides without the methyl group at N(7). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of (15)N/(13)C-double-labeled 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate and 7-methylguanosine, as well as their unsubstituted counterparts, GTP and guanosine, yielded characteristic changes of the electron-mediated spin-spin couplings and chemical shifts due to the methylation at N(7). The experimentally measured changes of the nuclear magnetic resonance parameters have been analyzed in respect to the electric charge distribution calculated by means of quantum chemical methods, and interpreted in terms of new proposed positive charge localization in the 7-methylguanine five-member ring.

Improper hydrogen C-H...O bonds cause self-association of alpha, beta-enaminoketones containing fluorosubstituted alkyl groups.

Concentration- and temperature-dependent IR, NMR and dipole-moment studies on 4-N,N-dimethylamino-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-buten-2-one and two of its higher homologues showed that these compounds undergo reversible dimerization in nonpolar solvents. Antiparallel "closed" dimers are formed with a network of improper intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds. Quantitative analysis of the 1H NMR data yielded delta H0 = -17.6 kJ mol-1 and delta S0 = -46.9 J deg-1 mol-1. The interactions observed are the strongest among those involving a C-H group reported so far. The complex described here is the first example of a cyclic complex stabilized by two improper C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The conclusions drawn from the solution and solid-state data were confirmed by ab initio calculations.