Two Techniques to Avoid Cyst Spray During Excision.

Surgical removal of epidermoid cysts can result in "cyst spray," posing a nuisance and risk to the surgeon, staff, and patients. Employing simple techniques at the time of anesthesia administration may decrease exposure to cyst spray. We describe 2 methods that can help: (1) placing an antiseptic-soaked gauze pad over a premarked lesion, or (2) covering the cyst with a clear biohazard bag.

Preferences for and barriers to gender affirming surgeries in transgender and non-binary individuals.

Background: The transgender/non-binary community continues to be an underserved population in medicine, and our understanding of their interests, disinterests, and barriers to transition-related healthcare is quite limited, especially among the diverse gender identities within the transgender/non-binary umbrella. Aim: To determine the interests, disinterests and barriers to gender affirming surgeries for transgender men, transgender women and non-binary individuals of any birth-assigned sex. Methods: An anonymous, online survey using REDcap was applied across all 50 states and advertised through social media, healthcare organization websites and flyers. The responses of individuals greater than 18 years of age who identified as transgender or non-binary were analyzed. Results: Compared to the 2015 US Transgender Survey, interest in gender affirming surgeries was higher across all gender identities surveyed and for all procedures, by an average of 38%. Interest overall in gender affirming procedures varied greatly among gender identity groups as well as with age differences. Barriers were found to be a mixture of lack of resources for recovery, financial, and a fear of complications. Discussion: Our results highlight that a desire for these procedures is unique for each individual and should never be assumed for transgender/non-binary patients. In order to better aid this underserved population, the medical community must further work to mitigate the barriers to gender affirming procedures by decreasing cost, investigating ways to increase access to resources for recovery, and improving outcomes for each of the gender affirming surgeries.