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1.
Indoor Air ; 28(2): 276-286, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29227564

RESUMO

In this study, we evaluated the long-term antifungal effectiveness of 3 types of interior building materials (gypsum board [GB], cement board [CB], and softwood plywood [S-PW]) impregnated with thermally reduced silver nanoparticles supported by titanium dioxide (AgNPs/TiO2 ) under 95% relative humidity for 4 weeks. AgNPs/TiO2 was synthesized at 2 thermal reduction temperatures (TRTs, 120 and 200°C) with 2 different AgNP weight percentages (2 and 5 wt%). Four different silver-loading levels (SLLs, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.5 µg/cm2 and the critical concentration required to inhibit fungal growth on agar plates) and 3 fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spinulosum, and Stachybotrys chartarum) were used in the experiments. Higher temperature reduced more ionic Ag+ to metallic Ag0 and increased the dispersion of Ag on TiO2 surface. The 200°C thermally reduced AgNPs/TiO2 demonstrated excellent antifungal efficiency: Mold growth was almost completely inhibited for 28 days at the low SLL of 0.5 µg/cm2 . Additionally, AgNPs/TiO2 exhibited higher antifungal activity on GB and CB than on S-PW. The stepwise regression results indicated that the TRT of AgNPs/TiO2 (ß = -0.739 to -0.51), the SLL (ß = -0.477 to -0.269), and the Ag0 level in the AgNPs (ß = -0.379 to -0.136) were the major factors influencing antifungal activity and TRT might be the most significant one.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Materiais de Construção/microbiologia , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata , Temperatura Alta
2.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 32(9): 1589-1596, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29512203

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prior investigations with few cases have disclosed lack of pressure sore (PrS) formation was characteristic in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. However, studies with larger samples are lacking to ascertain this concept. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether patients with ALS have higher risk of PrS. METHODS: Utilizing a Taiwan National Insurance claims data set with 23 million participants, we extracted 514 patients with ALS and 2056 controls from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2008. Both groups were followed up until PrS occurrence during study period (2000-2011). The PrS risk was calculated with Cox proportional regression model. RESULTS: The patients with ALS had a greater PrS risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 8.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.90-15.9, P < 0.001) than the controls did. PrS risk was much higher in ALS women (aHR = 26.6, 95% CI = 9.05-78.2, P < 0.001) than in ALS men (aHR = 4.38, 95% CI = 1.99-9.68, P < 0.001). Besides, in people aged 20-54, ALS was linked with a much greater PrS risk (aHR = 27.7, 95% CI = 5.79-132, P < 0.001) than in those aged ≥55 (aHR = 6.10, 95% CI = 3.10-12.0, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discovered to be correlated with an enhanced PrS risk. For PrS prevention, it is needed to pay more attention to the management of the patients with ALS, particularly in women and those with relatively younger age. Further investigations are needed to confirm the findings in this study.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/epidemiologia , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Epidemiol Infect ; 144(8): 1748-55, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27125574

RESUMO

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections are a public health threat associated with increased patient mortality and healthcare costs. Antibiotic usage, particularly cephalosporins, has been associated with VRE colonization and VRE bloodstream infections (VRE BSI). We examined the relationship between antimicrobial usage and incident VRE colonization at the individual patient level. Prospective, weekly surveillance was undertaken for incident VRE colonization defined by negative admission but positive surveillance swab in a medical intensive care unit over a 17-month period. Antimicrobial exposure was quantified as days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient-days. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse incident VRE colonization and antibiotic DOT, controlling for demographic and clinical covariates. Ninety-six percent (1398/1454) of admissions were swabbed within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) arrival and of the 380 patients in the ICU long enough for weekly surveillance, 83 (22%) developed incident VRE colonization. Incident colonization was associated in bivariate analysis with male gender, more previous hospital admissions, longer previous hospital stay, and use of cefepime/ceftazidime, fluconazole, azithromycin, and metronidazole (P < 0·05). After controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, metronidazole was the only antibiotic independently associated with incident VRE colonization (odds ratio 2·0, 95% confidence interval 1·2-3·3, P < 0·009). Our findings suggest that risk of incident VRE colonization differs between individual antibiotic agents and support the possibility that antimicrobial stewardship may impact VRE colonization and infection.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Uso de Medicamentos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
4.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 134(5): 339-345, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27696367

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory processes (both infections and autoimmune diseases) may cause endothelial dysfunction and arterial atherosclerosis, subsequently increasing the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In this investigation, we analyzed the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and AIS risk. METHODS: A Taiwan national insurance claims data set of 1,000,000 patients was used to extract 22,303 patients with HBV and 89,212 randomly selected sex- and age-matched controls from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2006. Both groups were followed up until the appearance of AIS or the end of 2011. AIS risk was measured using the Cox proportional regression model. RESULTS: After adjusting for the relevant covariates, the HBV group exhibited a lower AIS risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.89) compared with the controls at the end of follow-up. Under the condition of no comorbidities, patients with HBV had a lower AIS risk compared with the controls (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.87). In 3 age-stratified subgroups, HBV was correlated with a significantly diminished risk of AIS (age ≤ 49 years: aHR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.82; age 50-64 years: aHR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.80; age ≥ 65 years: aHR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76-1.23). CONCLUSION: HBV was correlated with a reduced risk of AIS development. Although a decrease in AIS risk was noted in the patients with HBV, preventing the development of AIS in this population warrants further attention.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Taiwan/epidemiologia
5.
Opt Lett ; 40(22): 5132-5, 2015 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26565817

RESUMO

We report a unique, pulsed intracavity optical parametric oscillator (IOPO) whose output spectrum is electro-optically (EO) tailorable based on an aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) working simultaneously as an optical parametric gain medium and an active gain spectrum filter in the system. We have successfully obtained from the IOPO the emission of single to multiple narrow-line signal spectral peaks in a near-infrared (1531 nm) band simply by electro-optic control. The power spectral density of the EO tailored signal can be enhanced by up to 10 times over the original (nontailored) signal.

6.
Eur J Neurol ; 22(3): 500-6, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25443663

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inflammatory processes including autoimmune diseases which ignite endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis may promote development of cardiovascular diseases including ischaemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) increases stroke risk. METHODS: A national insurance claim data set of 22 million enrollees in Taiwan was used to identify 1174 patients with MS and 4696 randomly selected age- and gender-matched controls from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2010. Both cohorts were followed up until the occurrence of stroke or censor. Relevant covariates, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and pregnancy, were included for further survey. The hazard ratio (HR) of stroke was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: After adjusting for the relevant covariates, the MS cohort had an increased risk of stroke (adjusted HR = 12.1 for 1 year; adjusted HR = 4.69 for 2-5 years) compared with the control cohort within 5 years of follow-up. Amongst participants without comorbidities, the MS cohort was still at a greater stroke risk than the control cohort [HR 4.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.85-8.55]. Moreover, in the population aged ≤40, MS was associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke (HR 12.7, 95% CI 3.44-46.7). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple sclerosis is declared to be associated with an increased risk in developing stroke, which requires closer attention to this group of patients for stroke prevention, especially in the younger population.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Taiwan/epidemiologia
7.
Eur J Neurol ; 22(4): 633-9, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24602152

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inflammatory processes, which kindle endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, may facilitate the development of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic stroke. Evident stroke risk factors may not be identified in up to 40% of stroke patients, especially in the younger population. Inflammation remains to be established as a stroke risk factor. In this study, it was assessed whether chronic osteomyelitis (COM), an infectious disease with chronic inflammation, increases stroke risk. METHODS: A national insurance claim data set of 22 million enrollees in Taiwan was used to identify 18 509 patients with COM and 74 034 randomly selected age- and gender-matched controls for a follow-up period of 11 years starting 1 January 2000 and ending 31 December 2010. Stroke risk was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Comorbidities known to increase stroke risk, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease, were more frequently noted in the COM group who had significantly greater stroke risk than the control cohort. Comparing only those without comorbidities, COM carried greater stroke risk than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.62, P < 0.001]. The younger population carried even greater risk (age < 45, HR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.71-4.35; age > 65, HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report linking COM to an increased risk of developing stroke. Results suggest that COM is a significant stroke risk factor and call for closer attention to this group of patients for more rigorous stroke prevention, especially in the younger age group.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Taiwan/epidemiologia
8.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 34(1): 153-159, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25098680

RESUMO

Inflammatory processes may trigger neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunctions, further provoking dementia. The role of chronic osteomyelitis (COM), a disorder characterized by persistent inflammation, in dementia development has not been fully explored. This study investigates whether COM increases the risk of dementia. Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI) inpatient claims were used to identify 17,238 patients newly diagnosed with COM from 2000 to 2008, and 68,944 age- and gender-matched patients without COM were randomly selected for comparison. Risks of dementia associated with COM and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and depression, were evaluated using data from the end of 2011. Dementia risk was 1.6-fold higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-1.83) in the COM cohort than in the control group, calculated using the multivariable Cox model. Age-specific analysis indicated that the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of dementia for COM patients decreased with age, with an aHR of 3.65 (95% CI: 1.5-8.9) for patients <55 years old, which gradually decreased to 1.43 (95% CI: 1.23-1.66) for patients ≥ 70 years old. Dementia risk increased with COM severity, with an aHR of 5.48 (95% CI: 4.43-6.79) for patients with severe COM. For those without comorbidities, dementia risk was 1.73-fold (95% CI: 1.37-2.17) higher in the COM cohort than in the control group. This study is the first to find that COM is an inflammatory disorder associated with an increased risk of dementia, particularly among younger people.


Assuntos
Demência/epidemiologia , Osteomielite/complicações , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Taiwan/epidemiologia
9.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 33(9): 1647-52, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24800930

RESUMO

Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The influence of chronic osteomyelitis (COM), an inflammatory disease, on the risk of developing T2DM remains unknown. This study investigated the risk of developing T2DM among COM patients. Using a retrospective cohort study, we identified 20,641 patients with COM and 82,564 age- and sex-matched controls for comparison from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) from 1997 to 2010. We followed up the COM cohort and the comparison cohort to compare the incidences of diabetes (ICD-9-CM code 250) until the end of 2010 or until the patients were censored because of death or withdrawal from the insurance program. The diabetes risk was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The incidence of T2DM was 1.6-fold higher in the group of COM patients than in the comparison group (29.1 vs. 18.2 per 10,000 person-years). The COM patients exhibited a higher diabetes risk [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.64, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.44-1.87] after controlling for the baseline and comorbidities. Younger and higher income patients exhibited a higher COM-to-reference incidence rate ratio (IRR) for T2DM compared with that of their counterparts. We also observed an increased risk of T2DM in COM patients with comorbidities (aHR = 1.70, 95 % CI = 1.47-1.96) compared with that of their non-COM counterparts. This is the first study to report the association between COM and an increased risk of developing T2DM, particularly among younger and higher income patients.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Osteomielite/complicações , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
10.
Opt Lett ; 38(18): 3507-9, 2013 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24104800

RESUMO

We report a tunable, pulsed multiline intracavity optical parametric oscillator (IOPO) realized in an Nd:YVO4 laser using a two-dimensionally domain engineered MgO:LiNbO3 as simultaneously an electro-optic Bragg Q switch and a multichannel optical parametric downconverter. The MgO:LiNbO3 was periodically and aperiodically poled along the crystallographic y and x axes, respectively, to simultaneously satisfy the phase-matching conditions required by the two quasi-phase-matching devices. When Q switched by 1 kHz, 300 V pulses, three signal lines at 1518, 1526, and 1534 nm were simultaneously generated, each with a peak power of ∼1 kW from the IOPO at 8.3 W diode power at 50°C. Spectral tuning of the three-line IOPO with temperature was demonstrated.


Assuntos
Óxido de Magnésio/química , Nióbio/química , Fenômenos Ópticos , Óxidos/química , Lasers
11.
Phys Rev Lett ; 110(26): 261301, 2013 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23848861

RESUMO

We report new limits on a spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon interaction cross section using 39.5 kg days of data taken with a p-type point-contact germanium detector of 840 g fiducial mass at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory. Crucial to this study is the understanding of the selection procedures and, in particular, the bulk-surface events differentiation at the sub-keV range. The signal-retaining and background-rejecting efficiencies were measured with calibration gamma sources and a novel n-type point-contact germanium detector. Part of the parameter space in the cross section versus WIMP-mass implied by various experiments is probed and excluded.

12.
Diabet Med ; 30(5): 590-5, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23320544

RESUMO

AIMS: Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide. The present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only (control burger) or with salt and spice mix (spice burger) in randomized order. The postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined. RESULTS: Eighteen subjects completed the study. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption. Urine malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31% (P < 0.001) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger. Two hours after consumption of the burgers, the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption (-9.7 ± 21.5%) and spice burger consumption (+18.0 ± 42.4%) (P = 0.025). Mean urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 ± 5.7 mmol/g creatinine, but 12.37 ± 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger (P = 0.053). CONCLUSION: Adding a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde, an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Carne , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Período Pós-Prandial , Especiarias , Animais , Bovinos , Culinária , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/urina , Carne/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitratos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Nitritos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo
13.
Ann Oncol ; 23(1): 153-158, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21765043

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The association between diabetes and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is rarely studied and the risk associated with insulin use is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crude and age-standardized trends of NHL incidence in the general population from 1979 to 2007 were first calculated. NHL prevalence and annual incidence in 2005 were calculated in 329,198 insurants aged≥45 years from a random sample of 1,000,000 insurants of the National Health Insurance. The risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS: NHL incidence trends increased significantly in either sex. A total of 1079 and 148 NHL cases were identified for prevalence and incidence analyses, respectively. The respective prevalence (per 100,000) for diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was 480.2 and 269.9 (P<0.01), and the respective incidence (per 100,000) was 70.9 and 35.3 (P<0.01). Odds ratio for diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects after adjustment for age, sex, occupation, and living region was 1.51 (95% confidence interval 1.33-1.71) for prevalence and 1.48 (1.06-2.06) for incidence. In diabetic patients, the adjusted odds ratio for insulin users versus nonusers was 1.63 (1.23-2.15) for prevalence and 2.52 (1.37-4.64) for incidence. CONCLUSIONS: NHL incidence is increasing in Taiwan. Diabetes and insulin use are associated with a higher risk.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taiwan/epidemiologia
14.
Opt Express ; 20(27): 28989-9001, 2012 Dec 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23263140

RESUMO

We report on the design and demonstration of electro-optically tunable, multi-wavelength optical parametric generators (OPGs) based on aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystals. Two methods have been proposed to significantly enhance the electro-optic (EO) tunability of an APPLN OPG constructed by the aperiodic optical superlattice (AOS) technique. This is done by engineering the APPLN domain structure either in the crystal fabrication or in the crystal design process to increase the length or block-number difference of the two opposite-polarity domains used in the structure. Several orders of magnitude enhancement on the EO tuning rate of the APPLN OPGs constructed by the proposed techniques for simultaneous multiple signal wavelength generation over a conventional one has been demonstrated in a near infrared band (1500-1600 nm).


Assuntos
Nióbio/química , Nióbio/efeitos da radiação , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/efeitos da radiação , Refratometria/instrumentação , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação , Cristalização/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento
15.
Eur J Neurol ; 19(1): 91-7, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21631646

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), with unclear etiology, is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Its occurrence is related to lots of medical and non-medical conditions with uncertain causality. With a large population, we characterized selected demographical and clinical factors to add more information on CTS-correlated factors and new insight into future CTS prevention. METHODS: A national insurance claim dataset of one million enrollees in Taiwan was used to identify 15 802 patients with CTS and 31 604 randomly selected controls, during a period of 7 years starting 1 January 2000. Statistical association with CTS was determined for five sociodemographic and nine medical factors. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly women (65.6% vs. 47.7% in the control group) and older (40 and above, 62.6% vs. 36.2%). Rheumatoid arthritis was found to be the most significant comorbidity associated with CTS, followed by gout, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, uremia, and acromegaly. For younger group age ≤39, the association of these comorbidities was stronger, and hypothyroidism and vitamin B(6) deficiency were additional comorbidities. Aging appears to reduce the relative impact of the diseases commonly associated with CTS as the possible risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the CTS correlates in younger group would be of greater value in timely detection and treatment for these diseases. Correcting these disorders may aid in removing possible causes of CTS. This is the first report on the effect of aging on probable CTS risk factors. How factors associated with aging contribute to the development of CTS remains to be determined.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
16.
Diabetologia ; 54(8): 2009-15, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21544514

RESUMO

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Studies on the link between diabetes and bladder cancer in Asians are rare. We investigated the association between diabetes and incidence of bladder cancer by using a large national insurance database. METHODS: A random sample of 1,000,000 individuals covered by the National Health Insurance was recruited. A total of 495,199 men and 503,748 women for all ages and 187,609 men and 189,762 women ≥40 years old and without bladder cancer at recruitment were followed from 2003 to 2005. Cox regression evaluated the adjusted relative risk for all ages and for age ≥40 years old. RESULTS: The results were similar for all ages and for age ≥40 years. In Cox models, patients with diabetes consistently showed a significantly higher relative risk ranging from 1.36 to 1.51 after adjustment for age, sex and other potential confounders. Age, male sex, nephropathy, urinary tract diseases (infection and stone) and statin use were associated with bladder cancer, but occupation, hypertension, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, eye disease, dyslipidaemia and medications (oral glucose-lowering agents including sulfonylurea, metformin, acarbose and thiazolidinediones, insulin, fibrates, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers) were not. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and living in regions other than Metropolitan Taipei were associated with lower risk. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of bladder cancer. The association with urinary tract diseases suggests a complex scenario in the link between bladder cancer and diabetes at different disease stages.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Taiwan/epidemiologia
17.
JDR Clin Trans Res ; : 23800844211057793, 2021 Dec 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34923877

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Early childhood caries (ECC), despite being preventable, remains the most prevalent disease of childhood, particularly in children between the ages of 2 and 5 y. The association between the type of health care provider completing initial oral health examinations and subsequent dental caries in children under 6 y of age is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study is to longitudinally assess the association between age at first oral health examination and provider type at first oral health examination on dental treatment for children under 6 y of age. METHODS: Deidentified administrative claims data were used from the IBM Marketscan Multi-State Medicaid Database (n = 2.41 million Medicaid-enrolled children younger than 6 y in 13 states from 2012 to 2017). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine the association between age at first oral health examination and provider type with first treatment of dental caries at follow-up. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dental caries for children whose first oral health examination at 4 y of age is 5.425 times higher than for children whose first oral health examination was before 1 y of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.371-5.479). The adjusted HR of dental caries for children seen by pediatric dentists (HR = 1.215; 95% CI, 1.207-1.223) and physicians (HR = 2.618; 95% CI, 2.601-2.635) was higher than those seen by a general dentist. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study highlight the importance of children having their first oral health examination no later than 12 mo of age in accordance with existing guidelines and referrals from physicians to prevent the need for invasive treatment. KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSFER STATEMENT: Results of this study emphasize the need for a child's first oral health examination to be completed no later than 12 mo of age to prevent dental caries. Reinforcement and referrals by physicians based on this recommendation facilitate early establishment of a dental home in young children.

18.
Cell Biochem Funct ; 28(8): 695-705, 2010 Dec 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21104938

RESUMO

Furano-1,2-naphthoquinone (FNQ), prepared from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and chloroacetaldehyde in an efficient one-pot reaction, exhibits an anti-carcinogenic effect. FNQ exerted anti-proliferative activity with the G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. FNQ-induced G(2)/M arrest was correlated with a marked decrease in the expression levels of cyclin A and cyclin B, and their activating partner cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 1 and 2 with concomitant induction of p53, p21, and p27. FNQ-induced apoptosis was accompanied with Bax up-regulation and the down-regulation of Bcl-2, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and survivin, resulting in cytochrome c release and sequential activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Western blot analysis revealed that FNQ suppressed EGFR phosphorylation and JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 activation, but increased in activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) stress signal. The combined treatment of FNQ with AG1478 (a specific EGFR inhibitor) significantly enhanced the G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis, and also led to up-regulation in Bax, p53, p21, p27, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and down-regulation of Bcl-2, XIAP, survivin, cyclin A, cyclin B, Cdk1, and Cdk2 in A549 cells. These findings suggest that FNQ-mediated cytotoxicity of A549 cell related with the G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inactivation of EGFR-mediated signaling pathway.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores ErbB/fisiologia , Furanos/farmacologia , Fase G2/efeitos dos fármacos , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Furanos/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/biossíntese , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Naftoquinonas/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/biossíntese , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
19.
Diabetologia ; 52(2): 240-6, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19018510

RESUMO

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Studies have identified an association between diabetes and breast cancer in postmenopausal women in Western countries. Such an association needs to be confirmed in an Asian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secular trend for breast cancer mortality in Taiwanese women in the general population and the mortality rate ratios between diabetic patients and the general population. METHODS: Age-specific mortality rates for the general population, categorised into groups aged 25-54, 55-64, 65-74 and > or =75 years, were calculated for the years between 1995 and 2006 (inclusive) from vital statistics published by the Taiwanese government. Linear regression was used to test the trends. A total of 131,573 diabetic women aged > or =25 years from a national cohort recruited between 1995 and 1998 (inclusive) were followed prospectively for vital status, determined from the National Register of Deaths. Mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (mortality rate in diabetic women vs the average and highest mortality rates for the general population) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 14,230 women aged > or =25 years in the general population died of breast cancer between 1995 and 2006. A trend for an increase in the annual rate was observed for all age groups. A total of 482 diabetic women died of breast cancer, with a crude mortality rate of 45.7 per 100,000 person-years. Compared with the general population the relative risk of mortality for those with diabetes ranged from 1.37 (for the group aged 55-64 years) to 2.43 (for the group aged 25-54 years). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We identified a secular trend of an increase in the rate of breast cancer mortality in the Taiwanese general population. Our data suggest a higher risk of breast cancer mortality in diabetic patients in all age groups.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Complicações do Diabetes/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Taiwan/epidemiologia
20.
Gut ; 57(1): 16-24, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17761783

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease complications may reflect imbalances between protective and injurious factors. Through its effects on cell growth, leptin may influence oesophageal mucosal homeostasis. AIMS: To determine whether leptin receptors are present in the oesophagus, and whether serum or gastric leptin levels are associated with oesophageal inflammation and metaplasia. METHODS: From patients referred for upper endoscopy, biopsies were obtained from the stomach and distal oesophagus, and serum samples were collected. Patients were classified as having normal, inflamed or Barrett's oesophagus. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed on representative sections, and leptin levels in plasma and gastric biopsy samples were determined by specific immunoassay. RESULTS: Of 269 individuals enrolled, 105 were Helicobacter pylori-negative. Of the 88 patients with complete oesophageal biopsies, 44 were normal, 24 were inflamed and 20 were Barrett's oesophagus. Receptors for leptin were highly expressed on oesophageal epithelial cells, with similar density and staining pattern in all three conditions, and plasma and antral leptin levels did not differ significantly. Patients with Barrett's had significantly (p = 0.01) higher fundic leptin levels (median 202 (interquartile range 123-333) pg/mg) compared with normal (126 (78-221) pg/mg) or inflamed (114 (76-195) pg/mg) oesophagus. In multivariate analysis, for every twofold increase in fundic leptin, the odds of having Barrett's was 3.4 times (95% CI 1.5 to 7.6) higher compared with having a normal oesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin receptor expression on oesophageal epithelial cells provides a pathway for leptin-mediated signal transduction. Variation in gastric leptin production could contribute to differential oesophageal healing and metaplasia progression.


Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/metabolismo , Esofagite/metabolismo , Esôfago/metabolismo , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/metabolismo , Leptina/metabolismo , Receptores para Leptina/metabolismo , Esôfago de Barrett/etiologia , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Esofagite/patologia , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metaplasia/etiologia , Metaplasia/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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