RESUMO
This study aims to analyze the correlations and relevance of self-efficacy items in 411 patients with diabetes using network analysis. We found that the self-efficacy items structure is consistent between genders and types of diabetes. However, the strength of item correlations was significantly higher in type 2 diabetes. The items central to the network were following a regular diet in type 2 diabetes and adjusting diet when ill in type 1 diabetes. No significant gender differences were found. Knowledge of the most central aspects of self-efficacy and their interconnections can help clinicians to target psychoeducational interventions aimed at empowering patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Autoeficácia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autocuidado , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: Childhood obesity, due to its increasing prevalence, is one of the most challenging problems in public health and prevention. Recent strategies have been implemented to tackle this trend, including school gardening projects. This systematic review analyzes the main elements of school gardening with a specific meta-analysis about its impact on anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: We searched studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on school gardening projects carried out until February 2019 and addressed to children aged 6 to 13 years. Results: Thirty-three studies passed the screening selection. Outcomes analyzed were fruits and vegetables consumption/knowledge, nutritional attitudes and behavior, anthropometric outcomes (i.e., BMI, waist circumference-WC) and other outcomes (i.e., blood pressure, science achievement, and physical activity). We performed descriptive analyses of these outcomes and found a general benefit from school gardening projects. We subsequently performed a meta-analysis on anthropometric outcomes, highlighting a significant reduction of both BMI percentile (%) (-1.37%) and WC (-1.30 cm). Conclusions: Although more high-quality studies are needed on this topic, along with a greater homogeneity of anthropometric measurements, the results of our article show a modest but positive impact of school gardening projects on anthropometric measures and more generally on children's health.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Jardinagem , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
HISTÓRICO. A superlotação dos serviços de emergência (SE) representa uma grande preocupação na Itália. Os usuários frequentes (UF) contribuem para a superlotação, desperdiçando recursos de saúde. OBJETIVO. Descrever as características dos UF e avaliar a confiabilidade dos sistemas de informação do SE. Desenho. Estudo retrospectivo observacional unicêntrico. MÉTODOS. Análise quali-quantitativa de prontuários médicos de admissões de UF para SE em um período de 15 meses em um hospital de ensino na Itália. RESULTADOS. 1.766 UF acessaram o SE, realizando 11.842 admissões. Os códigos verde e branco foram mais frequentes (n = 9,065; 76,5%). As condições agudas prevaleceram entre os motivos da admissão. A análise qualitativa mostrou que os UF estiveram sobrecarregados principalmente com condições crônicas e destacou o papel do SE na sua administração. DISCUSSÃO. Os UF sofrem de condições múltiplas e crônicas, que não são capturadas pelo sistema de informação do SE. CONCLUSÕES. A adoção de uma abordagem centrada no paciente, orientada para condições crônicas, pode resultar em informações mais ricas e melhor gerenciamento dos UF.
BACKGROUND. The overcrowding of Emergency Departments (EDs) represents a major concern in Italy. Frequent users (FUs) contribute to overcrowding, wasting health care resources. OBJECTIVE. To describe the characteristics of FUs and to evaluate the reliability of the ED information systems. DESIGN. An observational single-centre retrospective study.METHODS. A quali-quantitative analysis of medical records from FU admissions to the ED in a 15-month period at a Teaching Hospital in Italy. RESULTS. 1,766 FUs accessed the ED, totalizing 11,842 admissions. The green and white codes were the most frequent ones (n=9,065; 76.5%). Acute conditions prevailed among the reasons for admission. The qualitative analysis showed that FUs were mainly burdened with chronic conditions and highlighted the role of the ED in managing them. DISCUSSION. FUs suffer from mltiple and chronic conditions, which are not captured by the ED's information system. CONCLUSIONS. The adoption of a patient-centred approach oriented towards chronic conditions could result in richer information and better management of FUs.
ANTECEDENTES. La saturación de los Servicios de Emergencia (SE) representa una gran preocupación en Italia. Los usuarios frecuentes (UF) contribuyen a dicha saturación, desperdiciando recursos sanitarios. OBJETIVO. Describir las características de los UF y evaluar la confiabilidad de los sistemas de información de los SE. DISEÑO. Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico observacional. MÉTODOS. Análisis cuali-cuantitativo de las historias clínicas de los ingresos de los UF a los SE en un período de 15 meses en un Hospital Universitario de Italia. RESULTADOS. Un total de 1.766 UF accedieron a los SE, notificándose una cantidad de 11.842 ingresos. Los códigos verde y blanco fueron los más frecuentes (n=9.065, 76,5%). Entre los motivos de ingreso predominaron las afecciones agudas. El análisis cualitativo demostró que los UF padecían principalmente enfermedades crónicas y destacó el rol de los SE en el manejo de las mismas. DISCUSIÓN. Los UF padecen enfermedades múltiples y crónicas, que no son diagnosticadas por el sistema de información de los SE. CONCLUSIONES. Adoptar un enfoque centrado en el paciente y orientado a las condiciones crónicas podría dar lugar a información más detallada y a una mejor gestión de los UF.