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1.
Dig Dis Sci ; 68(8): 3442-3450, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37213003

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Simvastatin administration to decompensated cirrhosis patients improved Child-Pugh (CP) at the end of a safety trial (EST). AIM: To evaluate whether simvastatin reduces cirrhosis severity through a secondary analysis of the safety trial. METHODS: Thirty patients CP class (CPc) CPc A (n = 6), CPc B (n = 22), and CPc C (n = 2) received simvastatin for one year. PRIMARY ENDPOINT: cirrhosis severity. Secondary endpoints: health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and hospitalizations for cirrhosis complications. RESULTS: Cirrhosis severity decreased baseline versus EST only across CP score (7.3 ± 1.3 versus 6.7 ± 1.7, P = 0.041), and CPc: 12 patients lessened from CPc B to CPc A, and three patients increased from CPc A to CPc B (P = 0.029). Due to cirrhosis severity changes and differences in clinical outcomes, 15 patients completed the trial as CPc AEST and another 15 as CPc B/C. At baseline, CPc AEST showed greater albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than CPc B/C (P = 0.036 and P = 0.028, respectively). Comparing EST versus baseline, only in CPc AEST, there was a reduction in white-cell blood (P = 0.012), neutrophils (P = 0.029), monocytes (P = 0.035), and C-reactive protein (P = 0.046); an increase in albumin (P = 0.011); and a recovery in HRQoL (P < 0.030). Finally, admissions for cirrhosis complications decreased in CPc AEST versus CPc B/C (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin would reduce cirrhosis severity only in CPc B at baseline in a suitable protein and lipid milieu, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, only in CPc AEST would improve HRQoL and reduce admissions by cirrhosis complications. However, as these outcomes were not primary endpoints, they require validation.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Sinvastatina , Humanos , Albuminas , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico
2.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 19(3): 484-491.e1, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32217152

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is not clear how often patients who are on gluten-free diets (GFDs) for treatment of celiac disease still are exposed to gluten. We studied levels of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in fecal and urine samples, collected over 4 weeks, from patients with celiac disease on a long-term GFD. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 53 adults with celiac disease who had been on a GFD for more than 2 years (median duration, 8 y; interquartile range, 5-12 y) in Argentina. At baseline, symptoms were assessed by the celiac symptom index questionnaire. Patients collected stool each Friday and Saturday and urine samples each Sunday for 4 weeks. We used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure GIP in stool and point-of-care tests to measure GIP in urine samples. RESULTS: Overall, 159 of 420 stool and urine samples (37.9%) were positive for GIP; 88.7% of patients had at least 1 fecal or urine sample that was positive for GIP (median, 3 excretions). On weekends (urine samples), 69.8% of patients excreted GIP at least once, compared with 62.3% during weekdays (stool). The number of patients with a sample that was positive for GIP increased over the 4-week study period (urine samples in week 1 vs week 4: P < .05). Patients with symptoms had more weeks in which GIP was detected in stool than patients without symptoms (P < .05). The number of samples that were positive for GIP correlated with titers of deamidated gliadin peptide IgA in patients' blood samples, but not with levels of tissue transglutaminase. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with celiac disease on a long-term GFD still frequently are exposed to gluten. Assays to detect GIP in stool and urine might be used to assist dietitians in assessment of GFD compliance.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca , Gliadina , Adulto , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Glutens , Humanos , Peptídeos , Estudos Prospectivos
3.
Dig Dis Sci ; 66(9): 3199-3208, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33033975

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The high mortality rate of decompensated cirrhosis underlines the need for new treatments. Experimental models of cirrhosis and its reported relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided data supporting the rational use of statins in these patients. However, little is known about the safety of statins in this setting. AIM: We evaluate the safety of chronic simvastatin treatment in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open, uncontrolled, phase 2a trial in 30 patients with Child-Pugh class A (n = 6), B (n = 22), and C (n = 2) decompensated cirrhosis. The patients received standard treatment throughout the trial plus simvastatin 20 mg/day for 2 weeks and thereafter simvastatin 40 mg/day up to 1 year. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 30 patients (53.3%) showed adverse events, including gastrointestinal toxicity (36.7%), muscle injury (MI) (36.7%), and headache (13.3%). No liver injury was registered. Due to MI alone, simvastatin dosage was reduced in 23.4% of cases and transiently interrupted in 13.3%. Once these adverse events were overcome, simvastatin was resumed until the end of the trial. MI was associated with baseline MELD score > 12 (p = 0.035) and with baseline Child-Pugh class C. No MI was associated with final Child-Pugh score ≤ 6 (p = 0.030) or final Child-Pugh class A (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic treatment with simvastatin 40 mg/day in patients with decompensated cirrhosis was associated with several adverse events, being MI the only clinically significant one, which appears to be related to the simvastatin dosage and the degree of cirrhosis severity. Noticeably, no liver injury was recorded.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Cirrose Hepática , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinvastatina , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Progressão da Doença , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/etiologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Cefaleia/induzido quimicamente , Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mialgia/induzido quimicamente , Mialgia/diagnóstico , Mialgia/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sinvastatina/administração & dosagem , Sinvastatina/efeitos adversos
4.
J Clin Gastroenterol ; 53(4): 290-294, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29498953

RESUMO

AIMS: Our objectives were to: (1) determine whether celiac disease (CD) patients have cognitive impairment at diagnosis; and (2) compare their cognitive performance with nonceliac subjects who have similar chronic symptoms and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty adults (age range: 18 to 50 y) with symptoms and signs compatible with CD were enrolled in a prospective cohort irrespective of the final diagnosis. At baseline, all individuals underwent cognitive functional and psychological evaluation. CD patients were compared with subjects in whom CD was ruled out and with healthy controls matched by sex, age, and years of schooling. RESULTS: Thirty-three subjects (66%) were diagnosed with CD. Compared with the healthy controls (n=26), CD cases and disease controls (n=17; mostly irritable bowel syndrome) had impaired cognitive performance (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively), functional impairment (P<0.01), and higher depression (P<0.01). CD patients had similar cognitive performance and anxiety, but nonsignificant lower depression scores compared with disease controls. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal cognitive functions detected in newly diagnosed CD adult patients seem not to be disease specific. Our results suggest that cognitive dysfunction could be related to the presence of prolonged symptoms due to a chronic disease.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Clin Gastroenterol ; 51(9): 814-817, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27636409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown a reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms after the oral administration of Bifidobacterium infantis Natren Life Start super strain (NLS-SS) in untreated celiac disease (CD) patients. The symptomatic improvement was not associated with changes in intestinal permeability or serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors. Therefore, we hypothesized that the beneficial symptomatic effect observed previously in patients with CD treated with B. infantis may be related to the modulation of innate immunity. GOALS: To investigate the potential mechanisms of a probiotic B. infantis Natren Life Start super strain on the mucosal expression of innate immune markers in adult patients with active untreated CD compared with those treated with B. infantis×6 weeks and after 1 year of gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS: Numbers of macrophages and Paneth cells and α-defensin-5 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in duodenal biopsies. RESULTS: We showed that GFD decreases duodenal macrophage counts in CD patients more effectively than B. infantis. In contrast, B. infantis decreases Paneth cell counts and expression of α-defensin-5 in CD (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results identify differential innate immune effects of treatment with B. infantis compared with 1 year of GFD. Further studies are needed to investigate synergistic effects of GFD and B. infantis supplementation in CD.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doença Celíaca/terapia , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Duodeno/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , alfa-Defensinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Doença Celíaca/metabolismo , Doença Celíaca/microbiologia , Regulação para Baixo , Duodeno/imunologia , Duodeno/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Celulas de Paneth/imunologia , Celulas de Paneth/metabolismo , Celulas de Paneth/microbiologia , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
6.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 45(1): 18-23, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26076509

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with systemic co-morbi- dities. Conservative management has a low rate ofsuccess in the short and long term. Therefore, novel endoscopic strate- gies have emerged as alternative therapies to bariatric sur- gery. The intragastric balloon (IGB) is a temporary, effective and safe endoscopic treatment for weight loss. Objectives. 1. To describe changes in body mass index (BMI) in patients who completed treatment with IGB. 2. To describe metabo- lic co-morbidities and psychological features at admission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with an age equal to or higher than 13 years-old were evaluated by a multidiscipli- nary team and categorized as "suitable" for IGB. The study took place in aprivate center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, bet- ween November 2007 andNovember 2012. The design was interventionist, longitudinal, comparative and retrospective. Interventions were: a) IGB placement was done with the usual technique; b) Nutritional monitoring was performed and a low calorie diet and an exercise plan were indicated. Follow-up was performed monthly. Main outcome measu- rements were: 1) Changes in BMI between baseline and at IGB removal according to diet and exercise compliance, 2) metabolic co-morbidities, 3) psychological traits evaluated wit checklist SCL 90. RESULTS: We included 385 patients, 66% female, mean age 41 years (range 13 to 70 years). A BMI decrease of 5 points (13 kg) was observed in the overall sample and in the 322 patients (83.6%) who completed 6 months (14 kg) (NS). The weight loss was greater in those who were compliant to diet and exercise (P = 0.0001). Most prevalent metabolic co-morbidities and psychological traits were dyslipemia and depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IGB was effective in all patients. Weight loss was greater in patients compliant to diet and exercise.


Assuntos
Balão Gástrico , Obesidade Mórbida/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus , Dislipidemias/complicações , Feminino , Balão Gástrico/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Redução de Peso , Adulto Jovem
7.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 81(4): 250-252, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39236666

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) is an extremely rare pathology, with an incidence of < 0.4%. Its main characteristic is a partitioning of the right atrium by the persistence of the embryonic valve of the right sinus venosus. CLINICAL CASE: In this report, we describe the case of a 7-day-old newborn who presented with persistent cyanosis associated with feeding and crying. The diagnosis of CTD was made after an echocardiogram and confirmed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent successful surgery on day 14 with a favorable outcome and without complications. CONCLUSION: The importance of our case lies in the identification of rare heart disease as a cause of cyanosis and desaturation in a neonatal patient in the first days of life who did not present signs of heart failure and whose condition improved with supplemental oxygen. We also demonstrate that early diagnosis with echocardiography and surgical resolution resulted in clear clinical improvement and avoided future complications.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El cor triatriatum dexter es una cardiopatía muy rara, caracterizada por la división parcial del atrio derecho en dos cavidades por la persistencia de una membrana que embriológicamente representa la valva derecha del seno venoso. CASO CLÍNICO: En este reporte de caso, presentamos el caso de un neonato en su día 7 de vida que acude a valoración por presentar desaturación persistente con cianosis al llanto. El diagnóstico se realizó con ecocardiograma posterior al cual se decidió la resección quirúrgica de la membrana, procedimiento que fue llevado a cabo el día 14 de vida con éxito sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: La importancia de este caso clínico radica en la identificación de una cardiopatía rara como causa de cianosis y desaturación en un paciente en etapa neonatal, el cual no presentaba datos de compromiso hemodinámico. También se muestra como un diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno permitieron una resolución de los síntomas sin complicaciones futuras.


Assuntos
Coração Triatriado , Cianose , Ecocardiografia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Coração Triatriado/diagnóstico , Coração Triatriado/cirurgia , Coração Triatriado/complicações , Cianose/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Feminino
9.
J Nutr ; 143(5): 664-71, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23514772

RESUMO

We present: 1) indicators of infant and young child feeding practices (IYCFP) and median age of introduction of foods analyzed by geographic and socioeconomic variables for the 2006 national probabilistic Health Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2006); and 2) changes in IYCFP indicators between the 1999 national probabilistic Nutrition Survey and ENSANUT-2006, analyzed by the same variables. Participants were women 12-49 y and their <2-y-old children (2953 in 2006 and 3191 in 1999). Indicators were estimated with the status quo method. The median age of introduction of foods was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method using recall data. The national median duration of breastfeeding was similar in both surveys, 9.7 mo in 1999 and 10.4 mo in 2006, but decreased in the vulnerable population. In 1999 indigenous women breastfed 20.8 mo but did so for only 13.0 mo in 2006. The national percentage of those exclusively breastfeeding <6 mo also remained stable: 20% in 1999 and 22.3% in 2006. Nevertheless, exclusively breastfeeding <6 mo changed within the indigenous population, from 46% in 1999 to 34.5% in 2006. Between surveys, most breastfeeding indicators had lower values in vulnerable populations than in those better-off. Complementary feeding, however, improved overall. Complementary feeding was inadequately timed: median age of introduction of plain water was 3 mo, formula and non-human milk was 5 mo, and cereals, legumes, and animal foods was 5 mo. Late introduction of animal foods occurred among vulnerable indigenous population when 50% consumed these products at 8 mo. Mexican IYCFP indicate that public policy must protect breastfeeding while promoting the timely introduction of complementary feeding.


Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira , Aleitamento Materno , Dieta , Fórmulas Infantis , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Pobreza , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Animais , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Alimentação com Mamadeira/tendências , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/tendências , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Rememoração Mental , México , Leite , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Grupos Populacionais , Populações Vulneráveis , Água
10.
J Clin Gastroenterol ; 47(2): 139-47, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23314670

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this exploratory trial was to establish if the probiotic Bifidobacterium natren life start (NLS) strain strain may affect the clinical course and pathophysiological features of patients with untreated celiac disease (CD). Positive findings would be helpful in directing future studies. METHODS: Twenty-two adult patients having 2 positives CD-specific tests were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive 2 capsules before meals for 3 weeks of either Bifidobacterium infantis natren life start strain super strain (Lifestart 2) (2×10(9) colony-forming units per capsule) (n = 12) or placebo (n = 10), whereas they also consumed at least 12 g of gluten/day. A biopsy at the end of the trial confirmed CD in all cases. The primary outcome was intestinal permeability changes. Secondary endpoints were changes in symptoms and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and in immunologic indicators of inflammation. RESULTS: The abnormal baseline intestinal permeability was not significantly affected by either treatment. In contrast to patients on placebo, those randomized to B. infantis experienced a significant improvement in Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (P = 0.0035 for indigestion; P = 0.0483 for constipation; P = 0.0586 for reflux). Final/baseline IgA tTG and IgA DGP antibody concentration ratios were lower in the B. infantis arm (P = 0.055 for IgA tTG and P = 0.181 for IgA DGP). Final serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß increased significantly (P < 0.04) only in patients receiving B. infantis. The administration of B. infantis was safe. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that B. infantis may alleviate symptoms in untreated CD. The probiotic produced some immunologic changes but did not modify abnormal intestinal permeability. Further studies are necessary to confirm and/or expand these observations.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doença Celíaca/terapia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Doença Celíaca/microbiologia , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL4/sangue , Terapia Combinada , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP , Gliadina/imunologia , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/patologia , Lactulose/urina , Masculino , Manitol/urina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Permeabilidade , Proteína 2 Glutamina gama-Glutamiltransferase , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Transglutaminases/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
11.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 9(3): 214-9, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20601132

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Celiac disease (CD) patients often complain of symptoms consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to assess the prevalence of GERD symptoms at diagnosis and to determine the impact of the gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS: We evaluated 133 adult CD patients at diagnosis and 70 healthy controls. Fifty-three patients completed questionnaires every 3 months during the first year and more than 4 years after diagnosis. GERD symptoms were evaluated using a subdimension of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale for heartburn and regurgitation domains. RESULTS: At diagnosis, celiac patients had a significantly higher reflux symptom mean score than healthy controls (P < .001). At baseline, 30.1% of CD patients had moderate to severe GERD (score >3) compared with 5.7% of controls (P < .01). Moderate to severe symptoms were significantly associated with the classical clinical presentation of CD (35.0%) compared with atypical/silent cases (15.2%; P < .03). A rapid improvement was evidenced at 3 months after initial treatment with a GFD (P < .0001) with reflux scores comparable to healthy controls from this time point onward. CONCLUSIONS: GERD symptoms are common in classically symptomatic untreated CD patients. The GFD is associated with a rapid and persistent improvement in reflux symptoms that resembles the healthy population.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Celíaca/patologia , Doença Celíaca/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
12.
World J Gastroenterol ; 27(28): 4639-4652, 2021 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34366626

RESUMO

This review summarizes the safety and efficacy of statins in patients with cirrhosis. Due to concerns about the safety of statins in patients with impaired liver function, they have recently been investigated as a potential treatment option in cirrhosis. The most clinically significant adverse event is statin-related myopathy, and this may be related to the high serum statin concentrations in the setting of severely impaired liver function. Rhabdomyolysis is the most serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation. It has recently been demonstrated that the recommended dose of simvastatin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis would be 20 mg/d because higher values, such as 40 mg/d, are associated with many adverse events, especially muscle injury. Likewise, simvastatin should not be administered to patients with Model for End-stage Liver Disease score > 12 and/or Child-Pugh class C because of the high risk of severe muscle injury. Due to the pleiotropic effects, the focus on statins has shifted from being considered harmful to something useful. Through these effects, statins could prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Observational studies in large populations of patients with cirrhosis have shown that treatment with statins to decrease high cholesterol levels was associated with a reduced risk of hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma development and death. The few randomized controlled trials in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension showed that statins lower portal pressure, quite likely through a reduction in hepatic resistance. Another large randomized controlled trial in patients with variceal bleeding showed that simvastatin in addition to standard of care did not prevent rebleeding but improved survival rate. Despite these encouraging outcomes, the quality of the evidence regarding the use of statins is low or very low due to the observational characteristics of most of the studies involved. Therefore, it is advisable to perform further randomized controlled trials on a large series of patients with hard clinical endpoints, using different statin types and varying doses. The objectives would be to prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality rather than treating cirrhosis complications to take additional information that makes it possible to add statins to the standard of care of these patients.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Terminal , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Hipertensão Portal , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
14.
Clin Chem ; 56(4): 661-5, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20022983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Some patients with celiac disease (CD) may be seronegative with the commonly used test for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies. Our aim was to explore whether newer assays incorporating synthetic deamidated gliadin-related peptides (DGPs) or other TG isoenzymes as antigen are useful for detecting gluten sensitivity in IgA anti-tTG-seronegative patients. METHODS: We assayed serum samples obtained at diagnosis from (a) anti-tTG-seronegative patients with a CD-like enteropathy (n = 12), (b) skin biopsy-proven dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) patients (n = 26), and (c) IgA anti-tTG-positive CD patients (n = 26). All patients had typical total IgA concentrations. All patients underwent intestinal biopsy and serum testing for (a) detection of IgA and IgG isotypes of both anti-DGP and anti-tTG in a single assay (tTG/DGP Screen; INOVA Diagnostics), (b) simultaneous detection of both IgA and IgG anti-DGP antibody isotypes (DGP Dual; INOVA Diagnostics), and (c) detection of antibodies to transglutaminase 3 (TG3) or transglutaminase 6 (TG6). RESULTS: All anti-tTG-seropositive patients also tested positive in anti-DGP assays. Overall, tTG/DGP Screen detected 6 (31.6%) of the 19 anti-tTG seronegatives, and anti-DGP Dual produced positive results in 5 (26.3%) of these cases. Whereas both assays detected 2 anti-tTG-negative DH patients with partial villous atrophy, they were positive in only 2 of the 5 cases with no histologically discernible mucosal damage. Testing for antibodies to TG3 and TG6 identified 7 (36.8%) of the 19 anti-tTG-negative patients, 5 of which were also positive for anti-DGP. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of anti-DGP with tTG/DGP Screen or anti-DGP Dual, or detection of antibodies to other TG isoenzymes, enhances the sensitivity for detecting gluten sensitivity among non-IgA- deficient, anti-tTG-seronegative patients with CD-like enteropathy.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/sangue , Transglutaminases/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos , Adulto Jovem
15.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 7(5): 524-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19249402

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Whether low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) produces intestinal damage is controversial. Our aim was to determine whether the small bowel is damaged by low-dose ASA on a short-term basis. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (age range, 19-64 years) underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE), fecal calprotectin, and permeability tests (sucrose and lactulose/mannitol [lac/man] ratio) before and after ingestion of 100 mg of enteric-coated ASA daily for 14 days. Video capsule images were assessed by 2 independent expert endoscopists, fully blinded to the treatment group, by using an endoscopic scale. RESULTS: Post-ASA VCE detected 10 cases (50%) with mucosal damage not apparent in baseline studies (6 cases had petechiae, 3 had erosions, and 1 had bleeding stigmata in 2 ulcers). The median baseline lac/man ratio (0.021; range, 0.011-0.045) increased after ASA use (0.036; range, 0.007-0.258; P = .08), and the post-ASA lac/man ratio was above the upper end of normal (>0.025) in 10 of 20 volunteers (vs baseline, P < .02). The median baseline fecal calprotectin concentration (6.05 microg/g; range, 1.9-79.2) also increased significantly after ASA use (23.9 microg/g; range, 3.1-75.3; P < .0005), with 3 patients having values above the cutoff (>50 microg/g). Five of 10 subjects with abnormal findings at VCE also had lac/man ratios above the cutoff. Median baseline sucrose urinary excretion (70.0 mg; range, 11.8-151.3) increased significantly after ASA administration (107.0 mg; range, 22.9-411.3; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The short-term administration of low-dose ASA is associated with mucosal abnormalities of the small bowel mucosa, which might have implications in clinical practice.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Endoscopia por Cápsula , Fezes/química , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Sacarose/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
16.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 39(4): 250-3, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20178253

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the accuracy of the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) performed in the community clinical setting compared with that of an academic experienced center. MATERIALS: Original biopsy slides and reports used for diagnosis in the community setting and the CD serology were revised in 70 consecutive patients attending our institution for a second opinion. An expert team determined the final diagnosis unaware of the original consideration. RESULTS: The poor quality of samples made histology assessment by the expert pathologist uncertain in 8.7% of slides with CD external diagnosis. We detected a divergent diagnosis between the two practice settings in 46.3% of available cases with a significant overdiagnosis of CD in the community (p < 0.0001). Congruent serology results were demonstrated in 72.2% of cases. CONCLUSION: Our study detected a high rate of histopathological and serological misdiagnosis of CD in community practice which may have profound negative impact on patients.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Competência Clínica , Erros de Diagnóstico , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/patologia , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Humanos , Patologia Clínica , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 76(3): 146-154, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31116724

RESUMO

In the early years of the 20th century, no hospital in Mexico held the capacity to address the health problems of Mexican children, making it necessary to build a modern institution to take care of these issues. This situation mobilized a group of doctors led by Dr. Federico Gómez Santos to seek the acknowledgement of the President, Abelardo L. Rodríguez, of the urgent need of a children's hospital. Later, the President approved the project for its construction in 1933. After 10 years of struggle in the political, social and economic fields, and with the support of presidents Lázaro Cárdenas and Manuel Ávila Camacho, the Hospital Infantil de México was inaugurated on April 30th, 1943. Today, 75 years after its creation, the hospital has withstood the test of time maintaining intact its principles of assistance, teaching and research, and emerging as the cradle of Mexican and Latin American pediatrics.


En los primeros años del siglo XX, no existía en México un hospital que tuviera la capacidad de atender los problemas de salud de la niñez mexicana, lo que hacía necesaria la construcción de una institución moderna para atenderlos. En 1933, esta situación llevó a un grupo de médicos, encabezados por el Dr. Federico Gómez Santos, a solicitar y conseguir que el presidente de la República, Abelardo L. Rodríguez, reconociera la imperiosa necesidad de contar con un hospital de niños y aprobara el proyecto para su construcción. Luego de diez años de lucha en el campo político, social y económico, y con el apoyo de los presidentes Lázaro Cárdenas y Manuel Ávila Camacho, el 30 de abril de 1943 se inauguró el Hospital Infantil de México. Hoy, después de 75 años de su creación, el hospital ha resistido la prueba del tiempo y mantiene incólume sus principios de asistencia, enseñanza e investigación, emergiendo como la cuna de la pediatría mexicana y latinoamericana.


Assuntos
Hospitais Pediátricos/história , Criança , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , México
18.
World J Gastroenterol ; 25(11): 1409-1420, 2019 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30918433

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Life-long removal of gluten from the diet is currently the only way to manage celiac disease (CeD). Until now, no objective test has proven useful to objectively detect ingested gluten in clinical practice. Recently, tests that determine consumption of gluten by assessing excretion of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool and urine have been developed. Their utility, in comparison with conventional dietary and analytical follow-up strategies, has not been fully established. AIM: To assess the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and point-of-care tests (PoCTs) for GIP excretion in CeD patients on gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS: We conducted an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study in patients following a GFD for at least two years. Using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire, patients were classified at enrollment as asymptomatic or symptomatic. Gluten consumption was assessed twice by 3-d dietary recall and GIP excretion (by ELISA in stool and PoCTs (commercial kits for stool and urine) in two consecutive samples. These samples and dietary reports were obtained 10 day apart one from the other. Patients were encouraged to follow their usual GFD during the study period. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were enrolled, of which 19 (43.2%) were symptomatic despite being on a GFD. Overall, 83 sets of stool and/or urine samples were collected. Eleven out of 44 patients (25.0%) had at least one positive GIP test. The occurrence of at least one positive test was 32% in asymptomatic patients compared with 15.8% in symptomatic patients. GIP was concordant with dietary reports in 65.9% of cases (Cohen´s kappa: 0.317). PoCT detected dietary indiscretions. Both ELISA and PoCT in stool were concordant (concomitantly positive or negative) in 67 out of 74 (90.5%) samples. Excretion of GIP was detected in 7 (8.4%) stool and/or urine samples from patients considered to be strictly compliant with the GFD by dietary reports. CONCLUSION: GIP detects dietary transgressions in patients on long-term GFD, irrespective of the presence of symptoms. PoCT for GIP detection constitutes a simple home-based method for self-assessment of dietary indiscretions.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Glutens/análise , Cooperação do Paciente , Peptídeos/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Assintomáticas , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Doença Celíaca/urina , Estudos Transversais , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes/química , Feminino , Glutens/química , Glutens/imunologia , Glutens/metabolismo , Humanos , Eliminação Intestinal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/imunologia , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Testes Imediatos , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
19.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 38(3): 178-86, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18979897

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: the usefulness of duodenoscopic markers for predicting celiac disease (CD) has been questioned. We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of endoscopic markers of mucosal atrophy in individuals with different pretest probability of CD. METHODS: we prospectively performed endoscopic intestinal biopsies and CD-related serology tests in 661 individuals, including 143 consecutive patients attending a malabsorption clinic (high pretest probability) and 518 subjects randomly selected fom those undergoing routine endoscopy because of upper GI symptoms (low pretest probability). Duodenoscopic markers reported were: mosaic pattern, scalloped folds, and reduction in number or loss of Kerkring's folds. RESULTS: sixty-three (44.1%) and 18 (3.5%) patients were diagnosed with CD in the high and low risk groups, respectively Among high pretest subjects, the presence of any marker had very high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for the identification of CD (92.1%, 93.8%, 92.1%, 93.8% and 93.0%, respectively). The performance of these parameters for the presence of any marker in the low pretest population were 61.1%, 96.8%, 40.7%, 98.6% and 95.6%, respectively. Sensitivity (p < 0.004) and positive predictive value (p < 0.0001) of markers were significantly higher for the high risk patients. The identification of a reduction in number or loss of Kerkring'sfolds was not a reliable finding unless other signs were also present. CONCLUSIONS: we confirm that endoscopic markers are useful in predicting CD in different clinical scenarios. The high negative predictive value in the low probability group suggests that intestinal biopsy is not required if endoscopic markers are absent.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Duodenoscopia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Atrofia , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/patologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
20.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 37(4): 231-7, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18254261

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: We hypothesized that a combination of an effervescent antacid and ranitidine could allow immediate and long-lasting increase intragastric acidity. Our aim was to determine the effect of the combined intake of both, of a low dose ranitidine (OTC) and 5 g of antacid on gastric pH. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty healthy Helicobacter pylori negative volunteers were enrolled. The study consisted in a fasting 6-hour gastric ph-metric procedure performed in two different periods: baseline (1-hour before drug) and post-drug (5-hours) after oral administration of a single dose of ranitidine (75 mg) plus 5 g of a commercial composed alkaline (sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, sodium carbonate). RESULTS: While two subjects did not complete the pH-metry analysis due to technical reasons, 18 volunteers were finally assessed. Baseline intragastric pH (1.3 +/- 0.1) (mean +/- SD) rose significantly after administration of the drug (mean pH value for the whole period: 5.1 +/- 0.3; p<0.00001). The pH increased after administration of the study combination and values higher than pH 3 and pH 4 were reached immediately (median time: 27 sec, range: 0-189 and 54 sec, range 27-3,600 sec, respectively). Gastric pH was initially maintained above 4 for 23.0 +/- 5 minutes. The mean time lapsed with pH < 4 during the post-drug period was 96 +/- 17 min (32% ofthe total time). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the fast and persistent effect produced by the administration of a combination of antacid salts plus low dose of ranitidine. We suggest that the given combination could be effective, fast and safe for sporadic pyrosis or mild grastroesophageal reflux symptoms.


Assuntos
Antiácidos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Antiácidos/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Jejum , Feminino , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ranitidina/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo
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