RESUMO
Toxoplasmosis is a severe opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The lung is a major site of infection after the central nervous system. In this report we described two cases of pneumonia due to Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy. Clinical and radiological abnormalities are not specific. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis should be considered in HIV-infected patients with late stage of HIV, CD4 count less than 100 cells/µl and a poor adherence to HAART.
RESUMO
Sarcocystis sp is a tissue coccidian parasite in humans that causes intestinal and muscular sarcocystosis in immunocompetent patients. Intestinal sarcocystosis can be diagnosed at the tissue level in the lamina propria of the small bowel and by fecal examination. Muscular sarcocystosis is diagnosed by microscopic examination of muscle biopsies. This report describes a case of systemic sarcocystosis in an HIV-infected patient. We studied a 31-year-old patient with AIDS, chronic diarrhea, cholestatic hepatitis, and musculoskeletal pain by stool analysis and endoscopy with duodenal and liver biopsy specimens that were processed for routine histology. The microgamete and macrogamete stages of Sarcocystis sp were present in the lamina propria, with sporulated oocysts in feces. Schizont stages of the protozoa were found in liver biopsy. In summary, sarcocystosis should be considered another opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Sarcocistose/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/parasitologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Duodeno/parasitologia , Duodeno/patologia , Humanos , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Sarcocistose/parasitologia , Sarcocistose/patologiaRESUMO
This study involved ninety five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded duodenal biopsy specimens retrieved from hospital files that were microscopically observed for the presence of microsporidia. Eleven samples that revealed compatible organisms were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four different protocols for the detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Amplicons of the right size were obtained by at least one method for nine samples, remaining two negative ones. We report a PCR methodology that allows the use of archival specimens obtained for traditional pathology.
Assuntos
DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/parasitologia , Duodeno/parasitologia , Enterocytozoon/isolamento & purificação , Microsporidiose/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Biópsia , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Diarreia/patologia , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Duodeno/patologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Enterocytozoon/genética , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Humanos , Microsporidiose/parasitologia , Microsporidiose/patologia , Inclusão em Parafina , Manejo de Espécimes , Fixação de Tecidos , Preservação de TecidoRESUMO
We cloned and characterized a Plasmodium vivax repeat element of 7872bp named PvRE7.8. Several internal tandem repeats were found along the sequence. The repetitive nature of the PvRE7.8 element was confirmed by hybridization of a P. vivax YAC library. Based on the data bank analysis and the presence of two contiguous putative genes that may encode proteins related to DNA metabolism, PvRE7.8 could be considered an inactivated transposon-LINE element. By using Pv79 as probe or primers derived from Pv79-flanking sequences, P. vivax DNA Could be detected from whole blood and mosquito samples. We consider that the repeat element described here has potential for P. vivax malaria diagnosis and for epidemiological analysis of P. vivax transmission areas.