Biomarker context-of-use: how organizational design can impact the implementation of the appropriate biomarker assay strategy.

Since 2011, the European Bioanalysis Forum has been discussing the topic of context-of-use for biomarker assays, in support of a cross-industry implementation of its principles. The discussions have led to the acknowledgement of the challenges that we face as an industry in implementing these principles. In addition to scientific recommendations, the European Bioanalysis Forum has addressed these challenges by providing recommendations on organizational design, and what works in both sponsor and contract research organizations, to support and enable context-of-use across biomarker strategies. Here, we highlight the key considerations for organizational design to help ensure that biomarker assays are characterized and validated according to the right context-of-use, to ensure that the right decisions based on the biomarker data can be made during drug development.

Critical reagents issues & solutions for anti-drug antibody assays.

Background: Anti-Drug Antibody assays (ADA) are developed and constructed with biological and chemical reagents. Capture and detector reagents as well as ADA standard are considered critical for the performance's characteristics of a bridging assay. Current literature well describes theoretical considerations to manage critical reagents (CR) life cycle management. Nevertheless, those recommendations must be completed by a pragmatic approach which have to be exemplified. Methodology: This article intends to present and describe two study cases of bioanalytical challenge coming from the practical experience of dealing with ADA CR and offers a concrete explanation of how to solve issues. Conclusion: An appropriate management of ADA CR goes through availability anticipation, characterization and by a scientific understanding process of assay and reagents inconsistency.

EBF recommendation on practical management of critical reagents for antidrug antibody ligand-binding assays.

Immunogenicity assays are required to measure antidrug antibodies that are generated against biotherapeutic modalities. As for any ligand-binding assays, critical reagents (CR) play a crucial role in immunogenicity assays, as the robustness and reliability of an assay are defined by the quality and long-term availability of these reagents. The current regulatory guidelines do not provide clear directions on how to implement and verify lot-to-lot changes of CR during an assay life cycle, or the acceptance criteria that should be used when implementing new lots of CR. These aspects were extensively discussed within the European Bioanalysis Forum community. In this paper, CR for immunogenicity assays are identified and the minimum requirements for introducing new lots of CR in immunogenicity assays are described.

2019 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: FDA Immunogenicity Guidance, Gene Therapy, Critical Reagents, Biomarkers and Flow Cytometry Validation (Part 3 - Recommendations on 2019 FDA Immunogenicity Guidance, Gene Therapy Bioanalytical Challenges, Strategies for Critical Reagent Management, Biomarker Assay Validation, Flow Cytometry Validation & CLSI H62).

The 2019 13th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in New Orleans, LA, USA on April 1-5, 2019 with an attendance of over 1000 representatives from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day, week-long event - a full immersion week of bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity and gene therapy. As usual, it was specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small- and large-molecule bioanalysis involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, LBA cell-based/flow cytometry assays and qPCR approaches. This 2019 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2019 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers New Insights in Biomarker Assay Validation, Current & Effective Strategies for Critical Reagent Management, Flow Cytometry Validation in Drug Discovery & Development & CLSI H62, Interpretation of the 2019 FDA Immunogenicity Guidance and Gene Therapy Bioanalytical Challenges. Part 1 (Innovation in Small Molecules and Oligonucleotides & Mass Spectrometry Method Development Strategies for Large Molecule Bioanalysis) and Part 2 (Recommendations on the 2018 FDA BMV Guidance, 2019 ICH M10 BMV Draft Guideline and regulatory agencies' input on bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity and gene therapy) are published in volume 11 of Bioanalysis, issues 22 and 23 (2019), respectively.

EBF recommendation on practical management of critical reagents for PK ligand-binding assays.

Critical reagents play a crucial role in ligand-binding assays; the robustness and reliability of an assay is defined by the quality and long-term availability of these reagents. However, neither regulatory guidelines nor relevant scientific papers provide clear directions for set-up, life cycle management and, more importantly, the acceptance criteria required for the testing of the critical reagents for pharmacokinetic, biomarker and immunogenicity assays. The ambiguity from current guidelines can be a challenge for the bioanalytical community. Members of the European Bioanalysis Forum community undertook a more pragmatic approach on how to assess the impact of critical reagents. In this paper, a review and corresponding gap analysis of the current guidelines and relevant papers will be provided as well as decision trees proposed for lot-to-lot changes of critical reagents for pharmacokinetic assays.

EBF recommendation for stability testing of anti-drug antibodies; lessons learned from anti-vaccine antibody stability studies.

Long- and short-term stability testing of the analyte is one of the key parameters in bioanalytical method validation in support of pharmacokinetics. However, for immunogenicity testing, the scientific rationale for long- and short-term stability testing on quality control samples most often spiked with polyclonal antibody raised in a different species should be questioned. Therefore, the European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) formed a Topic Team to discuss the scientific rationale for stability testing of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). A review of EBF member companies' experience on ADA stability and on anti-vaccine antibodies from vaccine projects was the basis of this discussion. EBF recommends to perform short-term stability testing of the positive control, but not to perform long-term stability testing of ADAs in nonclinical and clinical studies.