RESUMO
Here we report the incorporation of gold nanostructures (nanospheres or nanorods, functionalized with carboxylate-end PEG) and curcumin oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (CurNem) into alginate microgels using the dripping technique. While gold nanostructures are promising nanomaterials for photothermal therapy applications, CurNem possess important pharmacological activities as reported here. In this sense, we evaluated the effect of CurNem on cell viability of both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines (AGS and HEK293T, respectively), demonstrating preferential toxicity in cancer cells and safety for the non-cancerous cells. After incorporating gold nanostructures and CurNem together into the microgels, microstructures with diameters of 220 and 540 µm were obtained. When stimulating microgels with a laser, the plasmon effect promoted a significant rise in the temperature of the medium; the temperature increase was higher for those containing gold nanorods (11â»12 °C) than nanospheres (1â»2 °C). Interestingly, the incorporation of both nanosystems in the microgels maintains the photothermal properties of the gold nanostructures unmodified and retains with high efficiency the curcumin nanocarriers. We conclude that these results will be of interest to design hydrogel formulations with therapeutic applications.
Assuntos
Portadores de Fármacos/química , Ouro/química , Nanosferas/química , Nanotubos/química , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/química , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Emulsões , Géis , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Lasers , Tamanho da Partícula , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Solubilidade , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Resumen Justificación: ante ciertos desafíos sobre la competitividad de los servicios públicos, resulta crucial mejorar la calidad de la salud. Objetivos: (1) caracterizar el nivel de calidad de servicio en la demanda de urgencias hospitalarias, a partir de la gestión lean seis sigma; y (2) evidenciar la relevancia de ciertos indicadores clave de gestión en la unidad de urgencias de un hospital público. Método: a partir de una propuesta de variables lean-seis-sigma derivadas de la escala SERVQHOS, se aplica una encuesta sobre las percepciones de los usuarios de un servicio de urgencias en un hospital público chileno y se identifican y evalúan sus principales indicadores de gestión. Resultados: enfatizar la importancia de intervenir sobre ciertas variables relevantes en diferentes niveles de actuación de una unidad hospitalaria. Aportación: ilustrar una propuesta para mejorar la atención, enfocándose en la disminución de tiempos y errores en el servicio y agregando valor al paciente.
Abstract Justification: Regarding some challenges of the public services competitiveness, it is crucial to enhance the health quality. Objectives: (1) To characterize the levels of service quality in the emergency rooms based on Lean Six Sigma; and (2) to show the relevance of some key management indicators in the emergency room of a public hospital. Methods: Based on a proposal of Lean- Six-Sigma variables derived from the SERVQHOS scale, a survey was applied to the users regarding their perception about the emergency room services in a Chilean public hospital. The main management indicators thereof were identified and evaluated. Results: To emphasize how it is important to make interventions concerning some relevant variables at different action levels in a hospital Ward. Contribution: To illustrate a proposal to improve the health care, focused on reducing the service times and mistakes and adding values to the patient.
Resumo Justificação: perante certos desafios relacionados com a competitividade dos serviços públicos, resulta crucial melhorar a qualidade da saúde. Objetivos: (1) caracterizar o nível de qualidade do serviço na demanda de urgências hospitalares, a partir da gestão lean- seis-sigma; e (2) evidenciar a relevância de certos indicadores chave de gestão na unidade de urgências de um hospital público. Método: a partir de uma proposta de variáveis lean-seis-sigma derivadas da escala SERVQHOS, aplica-se um inquérito sobre as percepções dos usuários de um serviço de urgências num hospital público chileno e são identificados e avaliados seus principais indicadores de gestão. Resultados: enfatizar a importância de intervir sobre certas variáveis relevantes em diferentes níveis de atuação de uma unidade hospitalar. Contribuição: ilustrar uma proposta para melhorar o atendimento, a focar na diminuição de tempos e erros no serviço e adicionando valor ao paciente.
RESUMO
En la presente investigación se evalúa la efectividad de un taller de autocuidado de orientación cognitivo conductual diseñado para ser aplicado a psicólogos clínicos con altos niveles de estrés traumático secundario. El objetivo del taller es aumentar la frecuencia de emisión de conductas de autocuidado y disminuir los niveles de estrés traumático secundario en los psicólogos. Mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental se evalúan los efectos del taller. Los resultados indican que, después de las 5 sesiones que dura el taller, los psicólogos que participaron en él (n=9) aumentaron significativamente sus conductas de autocuidado y disminuyeron significativamente sus niveles de desgaste. En cambio, los psicólogos que no participaron del taller (n=12) no variaron en la frecuencia del autocuidado y aumentaron el estrés traumático secundario. En virtud de estos resultados se concluye que el taller es efectivo y se constituye como una alternativa para prevenir y tratar el desgaste laboral en psicólogos clínicos.
In the present investigation, we evaluate the effectiveness of a group therapy program for self-care with cognitive-behavioral orientation, designed to be used on clinical psychologists with high levels of secondary traumatic stress. The object of this group therapy program is to increase the frequency of emissions of self-care behaviors and decrease the levels of secondary traumatic stress in psychologists. By a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the group therapy program effects. The results indicate that, after 5 sessions that lasts the group therapy program, the psychologists that participated in it (n = 9) increased significantly their self-care behaviors and decreased significantly their secondary traumatic stress levels. Instead, the psychologists that did not participate in the group therapy program (n = 12) did not show variation on self-care frequency and they increased secondary traumatic stress. These results are conclusive that the group therapy program is effective and it represents an alternative to prevent and treat work related burnout in clinical psychologists.