RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease of mankind. As men age, the prostate inexorably grows often causing troubling symptoms causing them to seek out care. While traditionally treated by transurethral resection or open surgical removal of the hypertrophied adenoma, today the urologist has numerous medical, surgical and minimally invasive techniques available. In this supplement The Canadian Journal of Urology provides a review of the various techniques and medications available today. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As an introduction to the supplement, the aim of this article is to review the epidemiology and economy of BPH as well as its natural history and diagnosis. A systematic review of available literature was looking for articles on BPH and its epidemiology, economics, natural history and management using PubMed database. RESULTS: The prevalence of this condition is increasing with the population aging and so does the economic burden. The exact etiology of this condition is unknown, but some risk factors have been identified. The diagnostic and treatment of this very common disease should rely on a strong collaboration between primary care physician and urologist. CONCLUSION: There are multiple options in treating BPH including medical, surgical and newer minimally invasive options. The challenge with having a variety of options is to review them with the patient and help the patient select the best treatment option for their condition.
Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/cirurgia , Prostatectomia/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/economia , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Incidência , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/diagnóstico , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prostatectomia/economia , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, which can be a source of devastating psychosexual distress because of its implication on sexual function and self-image. Current penile staging relies on invasive techniques and is often inaccurate. The authors review the promising biomarkers currently under investigation and their application to the staging and prognosis of penile cancer. Further development of such biomarkers provides the potential of improved clinical management of this disease.