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Hsp90 is an essential chaperone that guards proteome integrity and amounts to 2% of cellular protein. We now find that Hsp90 also has the ability to directly interact with and deform membranes via an evolutionarily conserved amphipathic helix. Using a new cell-free system and in vivo measurements, we show this amphipathic helix allows exosome release by promoting the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. We dissect the relationship between Hsp90 conformation and membrane-deforming function and show that mutations and drugs that stabilize the open Hsp90 dimer expose the helix and allow MVB fusion, while these effects are blocked by the closed state. Hence, we structurally separated the Hsp90 membrane-deforming function from its well-characterized chaperone activity, and we show that this previously unrecognized function is required for exosome release.
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Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Exossomos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Livre de Células/metabolismo , Drosophila/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Corpos Multivesiculares/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica/fisiologia , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], as one of the most important commercial crops, frequently suffers from anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum camelliae. The plant-specific tau (U) class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTU) participates in ROS homeostasis. Here, we identified a plant-specific GST tau class gene from tea plant, CsGSTU45, which is induced by various stresses, including C. camelliae infection, by analyzing multiple transcriptomes. CsGSTU45 plays a negative role in disease resistance against C. camelliae by accumulating H2 O2 . JA negatively regulates the resistance of tea plants against C. camelliae, which depends on CsGSTU45. CsMYC2.2, which is the key regulator in the JA signaling pathway, directly binds to and activates the promoter of CsGSTU45. Furthermore, silencing CsMYC2.2 increased disease resistance associated with reduced transcript and protein levels of CsGSTU45, and decreased contents of H2 O2 . Therefore, CsMYC2.2 suppresses disease resistance against C. camelliae by binding to the promoter of the CsGSTU45 gene and activating CsGSTU45. CsJAZ1 interacts with CsMYC2.2. Silencing CsJAZ1 attenuates disease resistance, upregulates the expression of CsMYC2.2 elevates the level of the CsGSTU45 protein, and promotes the accumulation of H2 O2 . As a result, CsJAZ1 interacts with CsMYC2.2 and acts as its repressor to suppress the level of CsGSTU45 protein, eventually enhancing disease resistance in tea plants. Taken together, the results show that the JA signaling pathway mediated by CsJAZ1-CsMYC2.2 modulates tea plant susceptibility to C. camelliae by regulating CsGSTU45 to accumulate H2 O2 .
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Camellia sinensis , Colletotrichum , Ciclopentanos , Oxilipinas , Camellia sinensis/genética , Camellia sinensis/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Resistência à Doença/genética , Colletotrichum/fisiologia , Chá/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the intestines of infants and the factors affecting their distribution. Breast milk and infant stool samples were collected from nine full-term, healthy mother-infant pairs. The bacterial distribution and various types of ARGs present in the samples were analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Over a period spanning from 2 to 240 d after birth, a total of 273 types of ARGs were identified in both infant feces and breast milk, exhibiting a trend of increasing prevalence over time. High concentrations of representative ARG populations were identified in the intestines of infants, especially at 12-15 d after birth. These populations included APH3-Ib, tetW/N/W, mphA, and Haemophilus influenzae PBP3, and multiple ARG Escherichia coli soxS that were resistant to common clinically used aminoglycoside, tetracycline, macrolide, and beta-lactam antibiotics. Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli, especially Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, and Escherichia were among the identified ARG carriers. Maternal age and body mass index (present and before pregnancy), infant sex, maternal consumption of probiotic yogurt during pregnancy, and lactation might be substantial factors influencing the occurrence of ARG-carrying bacteria and ARG distribution in the infant feces. These results indicate that environmental factors may influence the distribution of ARG-carrying bacteria and ARGs themselves in infants during early life. Providing appropriate recommendations regarding maternal age, body mass index during pregnancy, and use of probiotic products could potentially mitigate the transmission of antibiotic-resistant microbiota and ARGs, thereby diminishing the risk of antibiotic-resistant infections and safeguarding children's health.
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Antibacterianos , Fezes , Leite Humano , Humanos , Feminino , Fezes/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Leite Humano/microbiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Intestinos/microbiologia , Masculino , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genéticaRESUMO
MAIN CONCLUSION: CsNAC086 was found to promote the expression of CsFLS, thus promoting the accumulation of flavonols in Camellia sinensis. Flavonols, the main flavonoids in tea plants, play an important role in the taste and quality of tea. In this study, a NAC TF gene CsNAC086 was isolated from tea plants and confirmed its regulatory role in the expression of flavonol synthase which is a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols in tea plant. Yeast transcription-activity assays showed that CsNAC086 has self-activation activity. The transcriptional activator domain of CsNAC086 is located in the non-conserved C-terminal region (positions 171-550), while the conserved NAC domain (positions 1-170) does not have self-activation activity. Silencing the CsNAC086 gene using antisense oligonucleotides significantly decreased the expression of CsFLS. As a result, the concentration of flavonols decreased significantly. In overexpressing CsNAC086 tobacco leaves, the expression of NtFLS was significantly increased. Compared with wild-type tobacco, the flavonols concentration increased. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed CsNAC086 did not directly regulate the gene expression of CsFLS. These findings indicate that CsNAC086 plays a role in regulating flavonols biosynthesis in tea plants, which has important implications for selecting and breeding of high-flavonols-concentration containing tea-plant cultivars.
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Camellia sinensis , Flavonóis , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Nicotiana , Proteínas de Plantas , Camellia sinensis/genética , Camellia sinensis/metabolismo , Flavonóis/biossíntese , Flavonóis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/genética , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/genética , Plantas Geneticamente ModificadasRESUMO
Recently, a significant amount of attention has been attracted toward a third classification of magnetism, altermagnetism, due to the unique physical properties of altermagnetic materials, which are compensated collinear antiferromagnets that host time-reversal symmetry-breaking phenomena like a ferromagnet. In an altermagnetic material, through the nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (ASSE), a transverse spin current is generated upon charge current injection. However, it is very challenging to experimentally establish the ASSE since it is inevitably mixed with the spin Hall effect due to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling of the material. Additionally, the dependence on the hard-to-probe and hard-to-control Néel vectors makes it even more difficult to observe and establish the ASSE. In this Letter, we utilize the thermal spin injection from the ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet and detect an inverse altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (IASSE) in the high-quality epitaxial altermagnetic RuO_{2} thin films. We observe an opposite sign for the spin-to-charge conversion through the IASSE compared to the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). The efficiency of the IASSE is approximately 70% of the ISHE in RuO_{2}. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ASSE or IASSE effect is observable only when the Néel vectors are well aligned. By modifying the Néel vector domains via RuO_{2} crystallinity, we study the ASSE or IASSE unequivocally and quantitatively. Our Letter provides significant insight into the spin-splitting effect in altermagnetic materials.
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Complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) bacteria can complete the whole nitrification process independently, which not only challenges the classical two-step nitrification theory but also updates long-held perspective of microbial ecological relationship in nitrification process. Although comammox bacteria have been found in many ecosystems in recent years, there is still a lack of research on the comammox process in rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes in lakeshore zone. Sediment samples were collected in this study from rhizosphere, far-rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes along the shore of Lake Liangzi, a shallow lake. The diversity of comammox bacteria and amoA gene abundance of comammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in these samples were measured. The results showed that comammox bacteria widely existed in the rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes and fell into clade A.1, clade A.2, and clade B, and clade A was the predominant community in all sampling sites. The abundance of comammox amoA gene (6.52 × 106-2.45 × 108 copies g-1 dry sediment) was higher than that of AOB amoA gene (6.58 × 104-3.58 × 106 copies g-1 dry sediment), and four orders of magnitude higher than that of AOA amoA gene (7.24 × 102-6.89 × 103 copies g-1 dry sediment), suggesting that the rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes is more favorable for the growth of comammox bacteria than that of AOB and AOA. Our study indicated that the comammox bacteria may play important roles in ammonia-oxidizing processes in all different rhizosphere regions.
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Amônia , Archaea , Archaea/genética , Rizosfera , Ecossistema , Lagos/microbiologia , Oxirredução , Filogenia , Bactérias , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
A microdeletion of approximately 2.4 Mb at the 8p23 terminal region has been identified in a Taiwanese autistic boy. Among the products transcribed/translated from genes mapped in this region, the reduction of DLGAP2, a postsynaptic scaffold protein, might be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DLGAP2 protein was detected in the hippocampus yet abolished in homozygous Dlgap2 knockout (Dlgap2 KO) mice. In this study, we characterized the hippocampal phenotypes in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Dlgap2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial memory, indicating poor hippocampal function in the absence of DLGAP2. Aberrant expressions of postsynaptic proteins, including PSD95, SHANK3, HOMER1, GluN2A, GluR2, mGluR1, mGluR5, ßCAMKII, ERK1/2, ARC, BDNF, were noticed in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Further, the spine density was increased in Dlgap2 KO mice, while the ratio of mushroom-type spines was decreased. We also observed a thinner postsynaptic density thickness in Dlgap2 KO mice at the ultrastructural level. These structural changes found in the hippocampus of Dlgap2 KO mice might be linked to impaired hippocampus-related cognitive functions such as spatial memory. Mice with Dlgap2 deficiency, showing signs of intellectual disability, a common co-occurring condition in patients with ASD, could be a promising animal model which may advance our understanding of ASD.
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Animais , Camundongos , Espinhas Dendríticas/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Modelos Genéticos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Memória Espacial , Coluna Vertebral/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismoRESUMO
Excessive levels of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) could lead to ecological issues, particularly in the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR) region located on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the fate and sources of nitrogen to facilitate pollution mitigation efforts. Herein, multiple isotopes and source resolution models were applied to analyze key transformation processes and quantify the sources of NO3-. The δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- isotopic compositions in the YTR varied between 1.23 and 13.64 and -7.88-11.19, respectively. The NO3--N concentrations varied from 0.08 to 0.86 mg/L in the dry season and 0.20-1.19 mg/L during the wet season. Nitrification remained the primary process for nitrogen transformation in both seasons. However, the wet season had a widespread effect on increasing nitrate levels, while denitrification had a limited ability to reduce nitrate. The elevated nitrate concentrations during the flood season were caused by increased release of NO3- from manure & sewage (M&S) and chemical fertilizers (CF). Future endeavors should prioritize enhancing management strategies to improve the utilization efficiency of CF and hinder the direct entry of untreated sewage into the water system.
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Teorema de Bayes , Monitoramento Ambiental , Nitratos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Nitratos/análise , Rios/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Tibet , Estações do Ano , DesnitrificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This population-based study explored emergency room visits (ERVs) from all-causes, circulatory and respiratory diseases among different occupational groups in Taiwan associated with ambient average temperature. METHOD: Daily area-age-sex specific ERVs records were obtained from the Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2009 to 2018. Distributed lag-nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the exposure-response relationships between daily average temperature and ERVs for all-causes, circulatory and respiratory diseases by occupational groups. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the overall cumulative relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The exposure-response curves showed ERVs of all-cause and respiratory diseases increased with rising temperature across all occupational groups. These effects were consistently stronger among younger (20-64 years old) and outdoor workers. In contrast, ERVs risk from circulatory diseases increased significantly during cold snaps, with a substantially higher risk for female workers. Interestingly, female workers, regardless of indoor or outdoor work, consistently showed a higher risk of respiratory ERVs during hot weather compared to males. Younger workers (20-64 years old) exhibited a higher risk of ERVs, likely due to job profiles with greater exposure to extreme temperatures. Notably, the highest risk of all-causes ERVs was observed in outdoor male laborers (union members), followed by farmers and private employees, with the lowest risk among indoor workers. Conversely, female indoor workers and female farmers faced the highest risk of respiratory ERVs. Again, female farmers with consistent outdoor exposure had the highest risk of circulatory ERVs during cold conditions. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlighted the complexity of temperature-related health risks associated with different occupational contexts. The population-level insights into vulnerable occupational groups could provide valuable comprehension for policymakers and healthcare practitioners.
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AIMS: While certain drug-use indicators are known to be associated with clinical outcomes, the relationship is unclear for some highly prevalent conditions in in patients aged ≥65 years. We examine correlations between 3 drug-use indicators and postdischarge healthcare services use by older patients according to the presence of dementia, advanced age and frailty. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analysed data collected from hospital electronic health records between April and December 2017. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and anticholinergic burden were assessed using the 2015 Beers Criteria and anticholinergic cognitive burden scale (ACBS) score. Minor and major polypharmacy were defined as the use of 5-9 and ≥10 drugs, respectively. Outcomes were set as emergency room revisits and readmissions at 1, 3 and 6 months postdischarge. The correlation between drug-use indicators and outcomes was analysed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The final cohort included 3061 patients for the analysis, and 2930, 2671 and 2560 patients were followed up to 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge. After controlling for confounders, all 3 drug-use indicators were significantly associated with readmission and emergency room revisits except for the relationship between PIMs and readmission within 6 months. These associations were significantly observed among patients without dementia, aged >80 years and with frailty. CONCLUSION: PIMs, polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden are common at discharge and correlate with future use of healthcare services. In older patients, the absence of dementia, advanced age and frailty should be given extra consideration with regard to medication safety.
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Demência , Fragilidade , Humanos , Idoso , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados , Alta do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente , Prescrição Inadequada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Assistência ao Convalescente , Fragilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Polimedicação , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapêutico , Hospitais , Demência/tratamento farmacológico , Serviço Hospitalar de EmergênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigated associations between climate variables (average temperature and cumulative rainfall), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and dengue-like-illness (DLI) incidence in two provinces (Western and Guadalcanal Provinces) in Solomon Islands (SI). METHODS: Weekly DLI and meteorological data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services SI and the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology from 2015 to 2018, respectively. We used negative binomial generalized estimating equations to assess the effects of climate variables up to a lag of 2 months and ENSO on DLI incidence in SI. RESULTS: We captured an upsurge in DLI trend between August 2016 and April 2017. We found the effects of average temperature on DLI in Guadalcanal Province at lag of one month (IRR: 2.186, 95% CI: 1.094-4.368). Rainfall had minor but consistent effect in all provinces. La Niña associated with increased DLI risks in Guadalcanal Province (IRR: 4.537, 95% CI: 2.042-10.083), whereas El Niño associated with risk reduction ranging from 72.8% to 76.7% in both provinces. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the effects of climate variability and ENSO on DLI, defining suitable and sustainable measures to control dengue transmission and enhancing community resilience against climate change in low- and middle-developed countries are important.
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Dengue , El Niño Oscilação Sul , Humanos , Temperatura , Incidência , Melanesia/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The water environment of large reservoirs is fragility due to effects from hydrological regulation of damming and anthropogenic inputs. As a critical path to quantify the natural chemical weathering and assess environmental risks, solute chemistry of river has been widely focused on. However, the complexed hydrological conditions of large reservoir affect the chemical compositions, and the significance of solute vertical geochemistry as an indicator of chemical weathering and water quality health remains explore. Therefore, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was selected as a typical study area, which is the world's largest hydropower project and subject to frequent water quality problems. Then, the chemical compositions in stratified water were determined. Ca2+ (52.8 ± 4.3 mg/L) and HCO3- (180.9 ± 8.9 mg/L) were the most abundant ions among cations and anions, respectively. Incremental mean concentration of total major ions followed with the increase of riverine depth and flow direction. An improved inversion model was used to quantify the source contribution, which weathering of dolomite (34%) and calcite (38%) contributed the most to total cations, and the influences of agriculture and sewage discharge were limited. Additional contributions of evaporite and pyrite oxidation were found in analysis of deeper water samples, which also results in 2%-67% difference in estimated CO2 release flux using data from different depth, indicating additional information about sulfuric acid driven weathering was contained. Finally, the water quality of the reservoir was assessed for irrigation and non-carcinogenic risks. Results showed the stratified water of TGR can be used as a good water source of irrigation. However, NO3- (5.1 ± 1.1 mg/L) may have a potential non-carcinogenic risk to children, especially in surface water. To sum up, this study provided an indispensable supplement to the water chemistry archives in the TGR basin, serving as theoretical references for environmental management of large reservoirs.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Criança , Humanos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Qualidade da Água , Rios/química , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Cátions/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , ChinaRESUMO
The construction of the reservoir has changed the nitrogen migration and transformation processes in the river, and a large amount of sediment deposition in the reservoir may also lead to the spatial differentiation of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) bacteria. The study investigated the abundance and diversity of comammox bacteria in the sediments of three cascade reservoirs, namely, Xiaowan, Manwan, and Nuozhadu on the Lancang River in China. In these reservoirs, the average amoA gene abundance of clade A and clade B of comammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was 4.16 ± 0.85 × 105, 1.15 ± 0.33 × 105, 7.39 ± 2.31 × 104, and 3.28 ± 0.99 × 105 copies g-1, respectively. The abundance of clade A was higher than that of other ammonia oxidizing microorganisms. The spatial variation of comammox bacteria abundance differed among different reservoirs, but the spatial variation trends of the two clades of comammox bacteria in the same reservoir were similar. At each sampling point, clade A1, clade A2, and clade B coexisted, and clade A2 was usually the dominant species. The connection between comammox bacteria in the pre-dam sediments was looser than that in non-pre-dam sediments, and comammox bacteria in pre-dam sediments exhibited a simpler network structure. The main factor affecting comammox bacteria abundance was NH4+-N, while altitude, temperature, and conductivity of overlying water were the main factors affecting comammox bacteria diversity. Environmental changes caused by differences in the spatial distribution of these cascade reservoirs may be the main driver of the changes of community composition and abundance of comammox bacteria. This study confirms that the construction of cascade reservoirs results in niche spatial differentiation of comammox bacteria.
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Amônia , Rios , Nitrificação , Oxirredução , Bactérias/genética , Archaea/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
The water level fluctuation zone is a unique ecological zone exposed to long-term drying and flooding and plays a critical role in the transport and transformation of carbon and nitrogen materials in reservoir-river systems. Archaea are a vital component of soil ecosystems in the water level fluctuation zones, however, the distribution and function of archaeal communities in responde to long-term wet and dry alternations are still unclear. The community structure of archaea in the drawdown areas at various elevations of the Three Gorges Reservoir was investigated by selecting surface soils (0-5 cm) of different inundation durations at three sites from upstream to downstream according to the flooding pattern. The results revealed that prolonged flooding and drying increased the community diversity of soil archaea, with ammonia-oxidizing archaea being the dominant species in non-flooded regions, while methanogenic archaea were abundant in soils that had been flooded for an extended period of time. Long-term alternation of wetting and drying increases methanogenesis but decreases nitrification. It was determined that soil pH, NO3--N, TOC and TN are significant environmental factors affecting the composition of soil archaeal communities (P = 0.02). Long-term flooding and drying changed the community composition of soil archaea by altering environmental factors, which in turn influenced nitrification and methanogenesis in soils at different elevations. These findings contribute to our understanding of soil carbon and nitrogen transport transformation processes in the water level fluctuation zone as well as the effects of long-term wet and dry alternation on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. The results of this study can provide a basis for ecological management, environmental management, and long-term operation of reservoirs in water level fluctuation zones.
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Archaea , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo , Amônia , Carbono , China , Ecossistema , Nitrificação , Nitrogênio/análise , Solo/química , ÁguaRESUMO
PURPOSE: While the gustatory pathway of animals has been well-researched, that of humans is still a mystery. Several theories have been established, and some earlier reports hypothesized the relation to laterality. However, some cases could not be fully explained by the laterality theory (1). To clarify the gustatory pathway, we reported a case with bilateral hypogeusia after right thalamic infarction. CASE: This 55-year-old, right-handed man suffered from sudden decreased sensitivity of taste. He was unable to differentiate sweetness and saltiness at bilateral anterior parts of tongue. Additionally, there was numbness at the upper palate and the lips. Neurological examination revealed decreased taste sense at both sides of his anterior tongue and decreased pin-prick sensation of the left part of his lips. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute ischemic stroke at the right ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM). Thus, single antiplatelet therapy was administered. Two weeks later, the symptoms improved significantly and completely recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSION: The exact gustatory pathway in humans remains uncertain nowadays. First, there were few reports about dysgeusia, which might be related to clinical neglect of taste deficits. Second, our knowledge of the human gustatory pathway depends solely on sporadic cases of taste-involved brain lesions. We reported a case of bilateral hypogeusia after right thalamic infarction. This finding indicates that, although there might be laterality of gustatory fibers to the left hemisphere, anatomical variations may exist in the human gustatory system. More research is needed to elucidate the understanding of the gustatory pathway in humans.
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Ageusia , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Lacunar , Animais , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ageusia/etiologia , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Núcleos Ventrais do Tálamo , Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The need is growing to create medical big data based on the electronic health records collected from different hospitals. Errors for sure occur and how to correct them should be explored. METHODS: Electronic health records of 9,197,817 patients and 53,081,148 visits, totaling about 500 million records for 2006-2016, were transmitted from eight hospitals into an integrated database. We randomly selected 10% of patients, accumulated the primary keys for their tabulated data, and compared the key numbers in the transmitted data with those of the raw data. Errors were identified based on statistical testing and clinical reasoning. RESULTS: Data were recorded in 1573 tables. Among these, 58 (3.7%) had different key numbers, with the maximum of 16.34/1000. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) were found in 34 (58.6%), of which 15 were caused by changes in diagnostic codes, wrong accounts, or modified orders. For the rest, the differences were related to accumulation of hospital visits over time. In the remaining 24 tables (41.4%) without significant differences, three were revised because of incorrect computer programming or wrong accounts. For the rest, the programming was correct and absolute differences were negligible. The applicability was confirmed using the data of 2,730,883 patients and 15,647,468 patient-visits transmitted during 2017-2018, in which 10 (3.5%) tables were corrected. CONCLUSION: Significant magnitude of inconsistent data does exist during the transmission of big data from diverse sources. Systematic validation is essential. Comparing the number of data tabulated using the primary keys allow us to rapidly identify and correct these scattered errors.
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Big Data , Pesquisa Biomédica , Bases de Dados Factuais , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Humanos , Sistemas Multi-InstitucionaisRESUMO
State-of-charge (SOC) is a relative quantity that describes the ratio of the remaining capacity to the present maximum available capacity. Accurate SOC estimation is essential for a battery-management system. In addition to informing the user of the expected usage until the next recharge, it is crucial for improving the utilization efficiency and service life of the battery. This study focuses on applying deep-learning techniques, and specifically convolutional residual networks, to estimate the SOC of lithium-ion batteries. By stacking the values of multiple measurable variables taken at many time instants as the model inputs, the process information for the voltage or current generation, and their interrelations, can be effectively extracted using the proposed convolutional residual blocks, and can simultaneously be exploited to regress for accurate SOCs. The performance of the proposed network model was evaluated using the data obtained from a lithium-ion battery (Panasonic NCR18650PF) under nine different driving schedules at five ambient temperatures. The experimental results demonstrated an average mean absolute error of 1.260%, and an average root-mean-square error of 0.998%. The number of floating-point operations required to complete one SOC estimation was 2.24 × 106. These results indicate the efficacy and performance of the proposed approach.
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Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Lítio , Íons , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autophagy, meaning 'self-eating', is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, investigating the functions of autophagy-related genes in tea plants may help to elucidate the mechanism governing autophagy in response to stresses in woody plants. RESULTS: In this study, we identified 35 C. sinensis autophagy-related genes (CsARGs). Each CsARG is highly conserved with its homologues from other plant species, except for CsATG14. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that the abundances of CsARGs varied across different tissues, but CsATG8c/i showed a degree of tissue specificity. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsARGs were upregulated at different time points during the treatment. In addition, the expression levels of 10 CsARGs were higher in the cold-resistant cultivar 'Longjing43' than in the cold-susceptible cultivar 'Damianbai' during the CA period; however, the expression of CsATG101 showed the opposite tendency. CONCLUSIONS: We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic and physiological analysis of CsARGs in tea plants, and these results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy in tea plant growth, development and response to stress. Meanwhile, some CsARGs could serve as putative molecular markers for the breeding of cold-resistant tea plants in future research.
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Camellia sinensis , Autofagia/genética , Camellia sinensis/genética , Camellia sinensis/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Filogenia , Melhoramento Vegetal , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , CháRESUMO
Macroglial cells in the central nervous system exhibit regional specialization and carry out region-specific functions. Diverse glial cells arise from specific progenitors in specific spatiotemporal patterns. This raises an interesting possibility that glial precursors with distinct developmental fates exist that govern region-specific gliogenesis. Here, we have mapped the glial progeny produced by the Drosophila type II neuroblasts, which, like vertebrate radial glia cells, yield both neurons and glia via intermediate neural progenitors (INPs). Distinct type II neuroblasts produce different characteristic sets of glia. A single INP can make both astrocyte-like and ensheathing glia, which co-occupy a relatively restrictive subdomain. Blocking apoptosis uncovers further lineage distinctions in the specification, proliferation and survival of glial precursors. Both the switch from neurogenesis to gliogenesis and the subsequent glial expansion depend on Notch signaling. Taken together, lineage origins preconfigure the development of individual glial precursors with involvement of serial Notch actions in promoting gliogenesis.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/embriologia , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila/embriologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Astrócitos/citologia , Encéfalo/citologia , Linhagem da Célula/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Neurônios/citologiaRESUMO
This study was designed to investigate the role of miR-671-5p in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke (IS). Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in C57BL/6 mice as well as oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in a mouse hippocampal HT22 neuron line were used as in vivo and in vitro models of IS injury, respectively. miR-671-5p agomir, miR-671-5p antagomir, pcDNA3.1-NF-κB, and negative controls were transfected into cells using riboFECT CP reagent. miR-671-5p agomir, pcDNA3.1-NF-κB, and negative vectors were administered into MCAO/R mice via intracerebroventricular injection. The results showed that miR-671-5p was significantly downregulated and that miR-671-5p agomir alleviated injury and neuroinflammation induced by ischemic reperfusion. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NF-κB is a direct target of miR-671-5p. Reverse experiments showed that miR-671-5p agomir reduced neuroinflammation via suppression of NF-κB expression in both in vitro and in vivo models of IS. Our data suggest that miR-671-5p may be a viable therapeutic target for diminishing neuroinflammation in patients with IS.