RESUMO
Alismatis Rhizoma(Zexie) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, and it is separated into "Chuan Zexie"(Sichuan and Hubei provinces), "Jian Zexie"(Fujian and Jiangxi provinces) and "Guang Zexie"(Guangxi province) according to different producing areas. Alisma plantago-aquatica and A. orientale were listed as the original plants of Alismatis Rhizoma in different editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Ch.P), respectively. The botanical origins of Alismatis Rhizoma caused much controversy during a period of time. This study aimed to define the botanical origins of Alismatis Rhizoma from different producing areas, and supply scientific evidence for Ch. P 2020 edition. In this paper, we summarized the descriptions of original plants and producing areas of Alismatis Rhizoma in ancient literatures. Flowers and fruits of original plants of Alismatis Rhizoma were collected from different typical areas, and compared with the morphological description of two species from Alisma genus in the Flora of China. Thirty-nine batches of leaves from 8 different areas were identified using DNA barcoding technology. The results showed that original plants of Alismatis Rhizoma from different areas could be distinguished from each other based on morphological characteristics and molecular characteristics. Then, "Jian Zexie" was identified as A. orientale, while "Chuan Zexie" and "Guang Zexie" were identified as A. plantago-aquatica. In conclusion, combining with herbal textural research, morphologic characteristics, DNA barcoding technology and market situation, this paper recommended that the botanical sources of Alismatis Rhizoma could be revised as Alisma orientale(Sam.) Juzep. and Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. in the Ch. P 2020 edition.
Assuntos
Alisma , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Rizoma , China , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the target enzyme for glyphosate inhibition, catalyzes an essential step in the shikimate pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. The full-length cDNA of 1,751 nucleotides (CaEPSPS, Genbank accession number: EU698030) from Convolvulus arvensis was cloned and characterized. The CaEPSPS encodes a polypeptide of 520 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 55.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.05. The results of homology analysis revealed that CaEPSPS showed highly homologous with EPSPS proteins from other plant species. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that CaEPSPS was constitutively expressed in stems, leaves and roots, with lower expression in roots. CaEPSPS expression level could increase significantly with glyphosate treatment, and reached its maximum at 24 h after glyphosate application. We fused CaEPSPS to the CaMV 35S promoter and introduced the chimeric gene into Arabidopsis. The resultant expression of CaEPSPS in transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to glyphosate in comparison with control.
Assuntos
3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferase/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Convolvulus/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , 3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferase/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Convolvulus/classificação , Convolvulus/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/genética , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Ativação Enzimática , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/farmacologia , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Alinhamento de Sequência , GlifosatoRESUMO
Ten compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Solanum rostratum by means of various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified as dioscin (1), hypoglaucin H (2), hyperin (3), isoquercitrin (4), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (6), smilaxchinoside A (7), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3beta, 20alpha,26-triol-25 (R) -delta5,22-dienofurostan-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2) -[ alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] -beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and daucosterol (10), on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. Among them ,compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from the genus Solanum for the first time, and the remaining compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Solanum/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por ElectrosprayRESUMO
One new flavonoid, 5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone-8-O-ß-d-xylopyranoside (2), along with other four known flavones (1, 3-5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Solanum rostratum. 8-hydroxyflavonoid was isolated from series Androceras for the first time. The structure of the new compound 2 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including IR, NMR and HRESI-MS. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised.