Harnessing instability for work hardening in multi-principal element alloys.

The strength-ductility trade-off has long been a Gordian knot in conventional metallic structural materials and it is no exception in multi-principal element alloys. In particular, at ultrahigh yield strengths, plastic instability, that is, necking, happens prematurely, because of which ductility almost entirely disappears. This is due to the growing difficulty in the production and accumulation of dislocations from the very beginning of tensile deformation that renders the conventional dislocation hardening insufficient. Here we propose that premature necking can be harnessed for work hardening in a VCoNi multi-principal element alloy. Lüders banding as an initial tensile response induces the ongoing localized necking at the band front to produce both triaxial stress and strain gradient, which enables the rapid multiplication of dislocations. This leads to forest dislocation hardening, plus extra work hardening due to the interaction of dislocations with the local-chemical-order regions. The dual work hardening combines to restrain and stabilize the premature necking in reverse as well as to facilitate uniform deformation. Consequently, a superior strength-and-ductility synergy is achieved with a ductility of ~20% and yield strength of 2 GPa during room-temperature and cryogenic deformation. These findings offer an instability-control paradigm for synergistic work hardening to conquer the strength-ductility paradox at ultrahigh yield strengths.

The Effect of Impact Load on the Atomistic Scale Fracture Behavior of Nanocrystalline bcc Iron.

Nanocrystalline metals have many applications in nanodevices, especially nanoscale electronics in aerospace. Their ability to resist fracture under impact produced by environmental stress is the main concern of nanodevice design. By carrying out molecular dynamics simulations under different fast loading rates, this work examines the effect of impact load on the fracture behavior of nanocrystalline bcc iron at an atomistic scale. The results show that a crack propagates with intergranular decohesion in nanocrystalline iron. With the increase in impact load, intergranular decohesion weakens, and plastic behaviors are generated by grain boundary activities. Also, the mechanism dominating plastic deformation changes from the atomic slip at the crack tip to obvious grain boundary activities. The grain boundary activities produced by the increase in impact load lead to an increase in the threshold energy for crack cleavage and enhance nanocrystalline bcc iron resistance to fracture. Nanocrystalline bcc iron can keep a high fracture ductility under a large impact load.