Low ACADM expression predicts poor prognosis and suppressive tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a highly frequent renal cancer subtype. However, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) encodes an important enzyme responsible for fatty acid ß-oxidation (FAO) and its association with prognosis and immunity in cancers has rarely been reported. Therefore, the present work focused on exploring ACADM's expression and role among ccRCC cases. We used multiple public databases and showed the hypo levels of ACADM protein and mRNA within ccRCC. Additionally, we found that ACADM down-regulation showed a remarkable relation to the advanced stage, high histological grade, as well as dismal prognostic outcome. As suggested by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, cases showing low ACADM levels displayed shorter overall survival (OS) as well as disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, according to univariate/multivariate Cox regression, ACADM-mRNA independently predicted the prognosis of ccRCC. In addition, this work conducted immunohistochemistry for validating ACADM protein expression and its prognostic role in ccRCC samples. KEGG and GO analyses revealed significantly enriched genes related to ACADM expression during fatty acid metabolism. The low-ACADM group with more regulatory T-cell infiltration showed higher expression of immune negative regulation genes and higher TIDE scores, which might contribute to poor response to immunotherapies. In conclusion, our results confirmed that downregulated ACADM predicted a poor prognosis for ccRCC and a poor response to immunotherapy. Our results provide important data for developing immunotherapy for ccRCC.

Repeated misdiagnosis of small intestine bronchogenic cyst: a case report.

Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon congenital malformations of the respiratory system. These cysts can be categorized as intrapulmonary, mediastinal, or ectopic. Ectopic bronchogenic cysts, which lack distinctive clinical and imaging features, are particularly challenging to diagnose. This study presents a 48-year-old woman having a small intestinal bronchogenic cyst. She was repeatedly misdiagnosed as having an ovarian chocolate cyst or a cystic mass of bladder origin three years ago. However, no cyst was found during the operation. Half a year prior to presenting at our hospital, the patient developed frequent urination, prompting her to seek further treatment. We eventually discovered a cyst in the small intestine. The histological evaluation of the specimen showed a bronchogenic cyst. Small intestine bronchogenic cysts are extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed. It should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of pelvic cysts. Particularly, when intraoperative exploration of the pelvic cavity fails to detect any cysts, consideration should be given to the possibility of small intestine bronchogenic cysts.

Therapeutic options for different metastatic sites arising from renal cell carcinoma: A review.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stands among the top 10 malignant neoplasms with the highest fatality rates. It exhibits pronounced heterogeneity and robust metastatic behavior. Patients with RCC may present with solitary or multiple metastatic lesions at various anatomical sites, and their prognoses are contingent upon the site of metastasis. When deliberating the optimal therapeutic approach for a patient, thorough evaluation of significant risk factors such as the feasibility of complete resection, the presence of oligometastases, and the patient's functional and physical condition is imperative. Recognizing the nuanced differences in RCC metastasis to distinct organs proves advantageous in contemplating potential treatment modalities aimed at optimizing survival outcomes. Moreover, discerning the metastatic site holds promise for enhancing risk stratification in individuals with metastatic RCC. This review summarizes the recent data pertaining to the current status of different RCC metastatic sites and elucidates their role in informing clinical management strategies across diverse metastatic locales of RCC.

Curcumin alleviated oxidation stress injury by mediating osteopontin in nephrolithiasis rats

Purpose: To explore the role and mechanism of curcumin (Cur) in reducing oxidative stress damage in rats with nephrolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol (EG). Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into normal control, model, positive (10% potassium citrate), Cur-10 (10 mg/kg curcumin) and Cur-20 (20 mg/kg curcumin) groups. Results: The results of kidney tissue section stained by hematoxylin-eosin and von Kossa showed that curcumin treatment can inhibit the formation of kidney stones. The biochemical test results showed that the urea (Ur), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), inorganic phosphorus and Ca2+ concentrations in urine decreased after being treated with curcumin. There were significant differences between different doses of curcumin (P < 0.05). Compared with the Cur-10 group, Cur-20 had a more significant inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and immunohistochemical results indicated that the osteopontin (OPN) in the kidney was significantly reduced after curcumin treatment. Conclusion: Curcumin could reduce the oxidative stress damage caused by EG-induced kidney stones.