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Abnormal expression in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with cancers. Herein, a novel CRISPR/Cas13a-enhanced photocurrent-polarity-switching photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was engineered for the joint detection of dual lncRNAs, using deep learning (DL) to assist in cancer diagnosis. After target lncRNA-activated CRISPR/Cas13a cleaves to induce DNAzyme bidirectional walkers with the help of cofactor Mg2+, nitrogen-doped carbon-Cu/Cu2O octahedra are introduced into the biosensor, producing a photocurrent in the opposite direction of CdS quantum dots (QDs). The developed PEC biosensor shows high specificity and sensitivity with limits of detection down to 25.5 aM for lncRNA HOTAIR and 53.1 aM for lncRNA MALAT1. More importantly, this platform for the lncRNA joint assay in whole blood can successfully differentiate cancers from healthy people. Furthermore, the DL model is applied to explore the potential pattern hidden in data of the established technology, and the accuracy of DL cancer diagnosis can acquire 93.3%. Consequently, the developed platform offers a new avenue for lncRNA joint detection and early intelligent diagnosis of cancer.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Aprendizado Profundo , RNA Longo não Codificante , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Humanos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/genética , Compostos de Cádmio/química , Sulfetos/química , Limite de Detecção , Processos FotoquímicosRESUMO
The widespread acceptance of nonaqueous rechargeable metal-gas batteries, known for their remarkably high theoretical energy density, faces obstacles such as poor reversibility and low energy efficiency under high charge-discharge current densities. To tackle these challenges, a novel catalytic cathode architecture for Mg-CO2 batteries, fabricated using a one-pot electrospinning method followed by heat treatment, is presented. The resulting structure features well-dispersed molybdenum carbide nanodots embedded within interconnected carbon nanofibers, forming a 3D macroporous conducting network. This cathode design enhances the volumetric efficiency, enabling effective discharge product deposition, while also improving electrical properties and boosting catalytic activity. This enhancement results in high discharge capacities and excellent rate capabilities, while simultaneously minimizing voltage hysteresis and maximizing energy efficiency. The battery exhibits a stable cycle life of over 250 h at a current density of 200 mA g-1 with a low initial charge-discharge voltage gap of 0.72 V. Even at incredibly high current densities, reaching 1600 mA g-1 , the battery maintains exceptional performance. These findings highlight the crucial role of cathode architecture design in enhancing the performance of Mg-CO2 batteries and hold promise for improving other metal-gas batteries that involve deposition-decomposition reactions.
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BACKGROUND: Homeodomain-leucine ZIPper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The HD-ZIP family is categorised into four groups (HD-ZIP I-IV). While extensive genome-wide studies have been conducted on the HD-ZIP I, III, and IV subfamily in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), comprehensive reports on the HD-ZIP II subfamily genes are limited. METHODS: Bioinformatics resources and tools were utilised to analyse molecular characteristics, phylogenetic homology, and protein interactions. Expression pattern analyses in various tissues and the relative expression of NtHD-ZIP II genes under drought and GA3 treatment were assessed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: In this study, 24 HD-ZIP II members were systematically identified and categorised into seven independent clades through phylogenetic analysis involving tobacco and other plant species. We found that 19 NtHD-ZIP II genes exhibited tissue-specific expression. The transcripts of NtHD-ZIPII3, 4, 14, 23, 24 were notably induced under the drought treatments, while those of NtHD-ZIPII7, 11, 12, 20 were suppressed. Furthermore, NtHD-ZIPII15 transcripts decreased following GA3 treatment, whereas the transcripts of NtHD-ZIPII7, 8, 11, 12 were induced after GA3 treatment. Notably, an increase in trichomes was observed in tobacco leaves treated with GA3 and subjected to drought. CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of some HD-ZIP II genes were altered, and an increase in glandular trichomes was induced under GA3 and drought treatments in tobacco. Overall, our findings provide insights into the expression patterns of NtHD-ZIP II genes and will facilitate their functional characterisation in future studies.
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Secas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Homeodomínio , Nicotiana , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Estresse Fisiológico , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Zíper de Leucina/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Genoma de Planta , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodosRESUMO
Appropriate management of agricultural organic waste (AOW) presents a significant obstacle in the endeavor to attain sustainable agricultural development. The proper management of AOW is a necessity for sustainable agricultural development. This can be done skillfully by incorporating microbial agents in the composting procedure. In this study, we isolated relevant bacteria strains from tomato straw AOW, which demonstrated efficient degradation of lignocellulose without any antagonistic effects in them. These strains were then combined to create a composite microbial agent called Zyco Shield (ZS). The performance of ZS was compared with a commercially effective microorganism (EM) and a control CK. The results indicate that the ZS treatment significantly prolonged the elevated temperature phase of the tomato straw pile, showing considerable degradation of lignocellulosic material. This substantial degradation did not happen in the EM and CK treatments. Moreover, there was a temperature rise of 4-6 â in 2 days of thermophilic phase, which was not the case in the EM and CK treatments. Furthermore, the inoculation of ZS substantially enhanced the degradation of organic waste derived from tomato straw. This method increased the nutrient content of the resulting compost and elevated the enzymatic activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, while reducing the urease enzyme activity within the pile. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N showed increases of (2.13% and 47.51%), (14.81% and 32.17%) respectively, which is again very different from the results of the EM and CK treatments. To some extent, the alterations observed in the microbial community and the abundance of functional microorganisms provide indirect evidence supporting the fact that the addition of ZS microbial agent facilitates the composting process of tomato straw. Moreover, we confirmed the degradation process of tomato straw through X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy to analyze the role of ZS microbial inoculum composting. Consequently, reinoculation compost strains improves agricultural waste composting efficiency and enhances product quality.
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Compostagem , Microbiota , Solanum lycopersicum , Agricultura , Bactérias/metabolismo , Solo/química , Nitrogênio/análiseRESUMO
Polar skyrmions have been widely investigated in oxide heterostructures due to their exotic properties and intriguing physical insights. However, the field-driven motion of polar skyrmions, akin to that of the magnetic counterpart, remains elusive. Herein, using phase-field simulations, we demonstrate the dynamic motion of polar skyrmions with integrated external thermal, electrical, and mechanical stimuli. External heating reduced the spontaneous polarization, while an applied electric field decreased the skyrmion size and weakened the interactions between the skyrmions. Together, the skyrmion motion barrier is significantly reduced from 40 to 2 eV under 9 V at 500 K. An applied mechanical force transformed the skyrmions into a c-domain region near the indenter center under the electric field, providing the space and driving force needed for the motion of the skyrmions. This study confirms that polar skyrmions can move like particles and provides concrete design principles for polar skyrmion-based electronic devices.
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Light quality not only directly affects the photosynthesis of green plants but also plays an important role in regulating the development and movement of leaf stomata, which is one of the key links for plants to be able to carry out normal growth and photosynthesis. By sensing changes in the light environment, plants actively regulate the expansion pressure of defense cells to change stomatal morphology and regulate the rate of CO2 and water vapor exchange inside and outside the leaf. In this study, Cucumis melo was used as a test material to investigate the mitigation effect of different red, blue, and green light treatments on short-term drought and to analyze its drought-resistant mechanism through transcriptome and metabolome analysis, so as to provide theoretical references for the regulation of stomata in the light environment to improve the water use efficiency. The results of the experiment showed that after 9 days of drought treatment, increasing the percentage of green light in the light quality significantly increased the plant height and fresh weight of the treatment compared to the control (no green light added). The addition of green light resulted in a decrease in leaf stomatal conductance and a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, malondialdehyde MDA content, and electrolyte osmolality in the leaves of melon seedlings. It indicated that the addition of green light promoted drought tolerance in melon seedlings. Transcriptome and metabolome measurements of the control group (CK) and the addition of green light treatment (T3) showed that the addition of green light treatment not only effectively regulated the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) but also significantly regulated the hormonal pathway in the hormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). This study provides a new idea to improve plant drought resistance through light quality regulation.
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Cucumis melo , Secas , Luz , Estresse Fisiológico , Cucumis melo/fisiologia , Cucumis melo/metabolismo , Cucumis melo/efeitos da radiação , Cucumis melo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cucumis melo/genética , Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Estômatos de Plantas/efeitos da radiação , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Plântula/efeitos da radiação , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/fisiologia , Metaboloma , Luz Verde , Luz AzulRESUMO
To enhance the efficiency of composting agricultural organic waste (AOW), this study aimed to examine the impact of inoculating tomato straw compost with two distinct microbial agents: ZymoZone (ZZ), a composite microbial agent derived from the straw compost and Effective Microorganisms (EM), a commercial microbial agent. Furthermore, in order to reactivate the microorganisms within the compost during the initial high temperature phase, 10% brown sugar was introduced as a carbon source. The objective of this addition was to assess its influence on the composting process. The findings revealed that compared to the control (CK) group, the ZZ and EM treatments extended the first high-temperature phase by 2 and 1 day, respectively. Furthermore, with the addition of 10% brown sugar, the ZZ and EM treatments remained in the second high-temperature phase for 8 and 7 days, respectively, while the CK treatment had already entered the cooling stage by then. Notably, the inoculation of microbial agents and the addition of brown sugar substantially augmented the activity of lignocellulose-related hydrolases, thereby promoting the degradation of lignocellulose in the ZZ and EM treatment groups. This was confirmed by FTIR analysis, which demonstrated that the addition of microbial agents facilitated the degradation of specific substances, leading to reduced absorbance in the corresponding spectra. XRD analysis further indicated a notable reduction in cellulose crystallinity for both the ZZ (8.00%) and EM (7.73%) treatments. Hence, the incorporation of microbial agents and brown sugar in tomato straw compost effectively enhances the composting process and improves the quality of compost products.
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Compostagem , Solanum lycopersicum , Monitoramento Ambiental , Agricultura , Carbono , AçúcaresRESUMO
This study aims to explore the effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Formula(ZGJTQGF) on the lipid metabolism in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) via the insulin receptor(INSR)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 2(SREBP-2) signaling pathway. Twenty-four db/db mice were randomized into positive drug(metformin, 0.067 g·kg~(-1)) and low-(7.5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) ZGJTQGF groups. Six C57 mice were used as the blank group and administrated with an equal volume of distilled water. The mice in other groups except the blank group were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks. At the end of drug administration, fasting blood glucose(FBG) and blood lipid levels were measured, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Compared with the blank group, the mice treated with ZGJTQGF showed decreased body mass and liver weight coefficient, lowered levels of FBG, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein(LDL), and weakened liver function. The pathological changes and lipid accumulation in the liver tissue were examined. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of INSR, AMPK, p-AMPK, and SREBP-2. Compared with the blank group, the model group showed down-regulated protein levels of INSR and p-AMPK/AMPK and up-regulated protein level of SREBP-2. Compared with the model group, high-dose ZGJTQGF up-regulated the protein levels of INSR and p-AMPK/AMPK and down-regulated the protein level of SREBP-2. Low-dose ZGJTQGF slightly up-regulated the protein levels of INSR and p-AMPK/AMPK and down-regulated the protein level of SREBP-2, without significant differences. The results suggested that ZGJTQGF may alleviate insulin resistance and improve lipid metabolism in db/db mice by activating the INSR/AMPK/SREBP-2 signaling pathway.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Camundongos , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Fígado , LipídeosRESUMO
Herein, a direct-contact photocurrent-direction-switching photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing platform for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of soluble CD146 (sCD146) is reported for the first time via in situ formation of carbon nitride quantum dots (CN QDs)/titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanodiscs with the double-supported 3D DNA walking amplification. In this platform, metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived porous TiO2 nanodiscs exhibit excellent anodic photocurrent, whereas a single-stranded auxiliary DNA (ssDNA) as biogate is absorbed onto the TiO2 nanodiscs to block active sites. Subsequently, with the help of intermediate DNAs from target sCD146-induced double-supported 3D DNA walking signal amplification, the ssDNA can leave away from the surface of TiO2 nanodiscs due to the specific hybridization with intermediate DNAs. Afterward, the successful direct contact of CN QDs on TiO2 nanodiscs by porosity and electrostatic adsorption, leads to the effective photocurrent-direction switching from anodic to cathodic photocurrent. Based on direct-contact photocurrent-direction-switching CN QDs/TiO2 nanodiscs system and double-supported 3D DNA walking signal amplification, sCD146 is detected sensitively with a wide linear range (10 fg mL-1 to 5 ng mL-1 ) and a low limit of detection (2.1 fg mL-1 ). Also, the environmentally friendly and direct-contact photocurrent-direction-switching PEC biosensor has an application prospect for cancer biomarker detection.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Pontos Quânticos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Titânio/química , DNA , DNA de Cadeia Simples , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Receptor dimerization is an essential mechanism for the activation of most receptor tyrosine kinases by ligands. Thus, regulating the nanoscale spatial distribution of cell surface receptors is significant for studying both intracellular signaling pathways and cellular behavior. However, there are currently very limited methods for exploring the effects of modulating the spatial distribution of receptors on their function by using simple tools. Herein, we developed an aptamer-based double-stranded DNA bridge acting as "DNA nanobridge", which regulates receptor dimerization by changing the number of bases. On this basis, we confirmed that the different nanoscale arrangements of the receptor can influence receptor function and its downstream signals. Among them, the effect gradually changed from helping to activate to inhibiting as the length of DNA nanobridge increased. Hence, it can not only effectively inhibit receptor function and thus affect cellular behavior but also serve as a fine-tuning tool to get the desired signal activity. Our strategy is promising to provide insight into the action of receptors in cell biology from the perspective of spatial distribution.
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Receptores de Superfície Celular , Transdução de Sinais , Dimerização , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Ligantes , DNA/genética , DNA/metabolismoRESUMO
We explored the association between variations in the telomere maintenance genes and change in telomere length (TL) in workers. The TL of peripheral blood leukocytes from 544 coke oven workers and 238 controls were detected using the Real-time PCR method. Variations in four genes were then detected using the PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphism. The effects of environmental and genetic factors on TL were subsequently analyzed through covariance analysis and a generalized linear model .The TL of subjects with GG genotypes were longer than those with AG genotype in the TERT rs2736098 locus amongst the controls (P = .032). The combined effect of COEs exposure and AG+AA genotypes had a significant effect on TL (P < .001). The interaction between the COEs exposure factor and the rs2736098AG+AA genotypes had a significant effect on the TL (P < .05). The TL in coke oven workers is associated with the interactions between TERT rs2736098 AG+AA and COEs exposure.
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Coque , Exposição Ocupacional , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Telomerase , Humanos , Coque/efeitos adversos , Genótipo , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Polimorfismo Genético , Telomerase/genética , Telômero/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the recovery effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescription on intestinal flora homeostasis control and intestinal mucosal barrier in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet. NAFLD was established in MKR transgenic mice(T2DM mice) by a high-fat diet(HFD), and subsequently treated for 8 weeks with Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescription(7.5, 15 g·kg~(-1)) and metformin(0.067 g·kg~(-1)). Triglyceride and liver function were assessed using serum. The hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining were used to stain the liver tissue, while HE staining and AB-PAS staining were used to stain the intestine tissue. 16S rRNA sequencing was utilized to track the changes in the intestinal flora of the mice in each group. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and immunofluorescence were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1. The results demonstrated that Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescription increased the body mass of T2DM mice with NAFLD and decreased the hepatic index. It down-regulated the serum biomarkers of liver function and dyslipidemia such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), and triglycerides(TG), increased insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose tolerance. According to the results of 16S rRNA sequencing, the Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescription altered the composition and abundance of the intestinal flora, increasing the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bacteroidota and decreasing the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Firmicutes, Deslfobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Desulfovibrionaceae. According to the pathological examination of the intestinal mucosa, Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescritpion increased the expression levels of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, promoted intestinal mucosa repair, protected intestinal villi, and increased the height of intestinal mucosa villi and the number of goblet cells. By enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier repair and controlling intestinal microbiota homeostasis, Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Prescription reduces intestinal mucosal damage induced by T2DM and NAFLD.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Camundongos , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ocludina/metabolismo , Ocludina/farmacologia , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal , Fígado , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Homeostase , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) is a flavoring additive that significantly contributes to the formation of flavor compounds in soybean-based fermented foods. Over recent years, the application of TTMP in the food industry and medicine has been widely investigated. In addition, several methods for the industrial-scale production of TTMP, including chemical and biological synthesis, have been proposed. However, there have been few reports on the synthesis of TTMP through amino acid metabolic flux. In this study, we investigated genetic alterations of arginine metabolic flux in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybeans with Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) BJ3-2 to enhance the TTMP yield. RESULTS: SSF of soybeans with BJ3-2 exhibited a strong Chi-flavour (a special flavour of ammonia-containing smelly distinct from natto) at 37 °C and a prominent soy sauce-like aroma at 45 °C. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR verification showed that the rocF gene was highly expressed at 45 °C but not at 37 °C. Moreover, the fermented soybeans with BJ3-2ΔrocF (a rocF knockout strain in B. subtilis BJ3-2 were obtained by homologous recombination) at 45 °C for 72 h displayed a lighter color and a slightly decreased pH, while exhibiting a higher arginine content (increased by 14%) than that of BJ3-2. However, the ammonia content of fermented soybeans with BJ3-2ΔrocF was 43% lower than that of BJ3-2. Inversely, the NH4+ content in fermented soybeans with BJ3-2ΔrocF was increased by 28% (0.410 mg/kg). Notably, the TTMP content in fermented soybeans with BJ3-2ΔrocF and BJ3-2ΔrocF + Arg (treated with 0.05% arginine) were significantly increased by 8.6% (0.4617 mg/g) and 18.58% (0.504 mg/g) respectively than that of the BJ3-2. CONCLUSION: The present study provides valuable information for understanding the underlying mechanism during the TTMP formation process through arginine metabolic flux.
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Glycine max , Alimentos de Soja , Amônia/metabolismo , Arginina/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Pirazinas , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/metabolismoRESUMO
Although soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor are two key contributors to the flavor of fermented foods, the key compounds of soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor and production mechanisms are still poorly understood and need further investigation. In the present study, we found that the Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) BJ3-2 strain has various metabolic properties at different temperatures, and the strain cultured at 37â increased the soybean flavor (a special flavor of ammonia-containing smelly distinct from natto) compared with culturing at 45â and 53â. Interestingly, the strain cultured at 45â and 53â had a higher soy sauce-like flavor than that in 37â. Moreover, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the strain cultured at 37â, 45â, and 53â showed transcriptional changes related to secondary metabolites and ABC transporters, which is critical for the amino acid transport and metabolism in B. subtilis. Meanwhile, proteomics and metabolomics profiling showed a marked change in amino acids transport and metabolism. In addition, the metabolic analysis revealed a significant metabolic difference (including sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism) in the strain cultured at 45â and 53â compared to 37â. To sum, this study used the multi-omics profiling tool to investigate the fermentative strains B. subtilis BJ3-2, thus providing a deeper insight into the mechanism of the formation of soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor compounds.
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Alimentos Fermentados , Alimentos de Soja , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Fermentação , Glycine maxRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of CT and tumour markers in screening lung cancer needs to be improved. Computer-aided diagnosis has been reported to effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of imaging data, and recent studies have shown that circulating genetically abnormal cell (CAC) has the potential to become a novel marker of lung cancer. The purpose of this research is explore new ways of lung cancer screening. METHODS: From May 2020 to April 2021, patients with pulmonary nodules who had received CAC examination within one week before surgery or biopsy at First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled. CAC counts, CT scan images, serum tumour marker (CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE) levels and demographic characteristics of the patients were collected for analysis. CT were uploaded to the Pulmonary Nodules Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic System (PNAIDS) to assess the malignancy probability of nodules. We compared diagnosis based on PNAIDS, CAC, Mayo Clinic Model, tumour markers alone and their combination. The combination models were built through logistic regression, and was compared through the area under (AUC) the ROC curve. RESULTS: A total of 93 of 111 patients were included. The AUC of PNAIDS was 0.696, which increased to 0.847 when combined with CAC. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of the combined model were 61.0%, 94.1%, 94.7% and 58.2%, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic value of CAC, which showed an AUC of 0.779, an SE of 76.3%, an SP of 64.7%, a PPV of 78.9%, and an NPV of 61.1%, higher than those of any single serum tumour marker and Mayo Clinic Model. The combination of PNAIDS and CAC exhibited significantly higher AUC values than the PNAIDS (P = 0.009) or the CAC (P = 0.047) indicator alone. However, including additional tumour markers did not significantly alter the performance of CAC and PNAIDS. CONCLUSIONS: CAC had a higher diagnostic value than traditional tumour markers in early-stage lung cancer and a supportive value for PNAIDS in the diagnosis of cancer based on lung nodules. The results of this study offer a new mode of screening for early-stage lung cancer using lung nodules.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Inteligência Artificial , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Humanos , Queratina-19 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
In this paper, a palladium-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 5-methylene-1,3-oxazinan-2-ones with 4-arylidene-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones has been developed to produce spiropyrazolones in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities in nearly all cases. The cycloaddition reaction was scaled-up without significant loss of yield, and its synthetic utility has been demonstrated by further transformations of the products. The reaction type of N-Ts cyclic carbamates under palladium catalysis was extended to include [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the first time.
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Alcenos , Paládio , Carbamatos , Catálise , Reação de Cicloadição , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
To handle the problem of low detection accuracy and missed detection caused by dense detection objects, overlapping, and occlusions in the scenario of complex construction machinery swarm operations, this paper proposes a multi-object detection method based on the improved YOLOv4 model. Firstly, the K-means algorithm is used to initialize the anchor boxes to improve the learning efficiency of the depth features of construction machinery objects. Then, the pooling operation is replaced with dilated convolution to solve the problem that the pooling layer reduces the resolution of feature maps and causes a high missed detection rate. Finally, focus loss is introduced to optimize the loss function of YOLOv4 to improve the imbalance of positive and negative samples during the model training process. To verify the effectiveness of the above optimizations, the proposed method is verified on the Pytorch platform with a self-build dataset. The experimental results show that the mean average precision(mAP) of the improved YOLOv4 model for multi-object detection of construction machinery can reach 97.03%, which is 2.16% higher than that of the original YOLOv4 detection network. Meanwhile, the detection speed is 31.11 fps, and it is reduced by only 0.59 fps, still meeting the real-time requirements. The research lays a foundation for environment perception of construction machinery swarm operations and promotes the unmanned and intelligent development of construction machinery swarm operations.
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Controlling the domain formation in ferroelectric materials at the nanoscale is a fertile ground to explore emergent phenomena and their technological prospects. For example, charged ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO3 and ErMnO3 exhibit significantly enhanced conductivity which could serve as the foundation for next-generation circuits (Estévez and Laurson, Phys. Rev. B 2015, 91, 054407). Here, we describe a concept in which polar vortices perform the same role as a ferroelectric domain wall in classical domain structures with the key difference being that the polar vortices can accommodate charged (i.e., head-to-head and tail-to-tail) domains, for example, in ferroelectric PbTiO3/dielectric SrTiO3 superlattices. Such a vortex domain wall structure can be manipulated in a reversible fashion under an external applied field.
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Exosome concentration and exosomal proteins are regarded as promising cancer biomarkers. Herein, a waxberry-like magnetic bead (magnetic-nanowaxberry) which has huge surface area and strong affinity was synthesized to couple with aptamer for exosome capture and recovery. Subsequently, we developed a fluorescent assay for the sensitive, accurate, and simultaneous quantification of exosome and cancer-related exosomal proteins [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)] by using triple-colored probes to recognize EGFR and EpCAM or spontaneously anchor to the lipid bilayer. In this design, the interference of soluble proteins can be avoided due to the dual recognition strategy. Moreover, the lipid-based quantification of exosome concentration can improve the accuracy. Besides, the simultaneous detection mode can save samples and simplify the operation steps. Consequently, the assay shows high sensitivity (the limits of detection are down to 0.96 pg/mL for EGFR, 0.19 pg/mL for EpCAM, and 2.4 × 104 particles/µL for exosome), high specificity, and satisfactory accuracy. More importantly, this technique is successfully used to analyze exosomes in plasma to distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. To improve the diagnostic efficacy, the deep learning was used to exploit the potential pattern hidden in data obtained by the proposed method. Also, the accuracy for the intelligent diagnosis of cancer can achieve 96.0%. This study provides a new avenue for developing new biosensors for exosome analysis and intelligent disease diagnosis.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Exossomos , Neoplasias , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Aprendizado Profundo , Humanos , Fenômenos MagnéticosRESUMO
Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm), are secreted by almost all types of cells into virtually all body fluids. These small vesicles are attracting increasing research attention owing to their potential for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and the complexity of bio-fluids pose significant challenges for their isolation. Even the "gold standard," differential centrifugation, suffers from poor yields and is time-consuming. In this context, recent developments in microfluidic technologies have provided an ideal system for exosome extraction and these devices exhibit some fascinating properties such as high speeds, good portability, and low sample volumes. In this review, the focus is on the state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies for exosome isolation and highlight potential directions for future research and development by analyzing the challenges faced by the current strategies.