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PURPOSE: In this work, we aimed to describe the strategy of the weekly SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR surveillance program that was implemented in our bone marrow transplantation (BMT) unit. METHODS: Our unit performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR before admission and then weekly during hospitalization even if the patient was asymptomatic. From May 2021 to May 2022, we collected data from all patients that were admitted in the BMT unit to perform transplantation. The total of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR performed and the positive rate were described. RESULTS: During the study period, 65 patients were admitted for HSCT. A total of 414 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were performed. Two cases were detected (positivity rate, 0.48%). After the positive test, both patients were isolated outside the BMT unit. CONCLUSION: We postulate that diagnosing these patients and isolating them outside the transplantation unit may have prevented secondary symptomatic cases.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Brasil/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Hospitais de EnsinoRESUMO
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at -increased risk for severe COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of COVID-19 in a cohort of HSCT recipients. This retrospective study evaluated a cohort of adult hospitalized HSCT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two large hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil post-HSCT, from January 2020 to June 2022. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Of 49 cases, 63.2% were male with a median age of 47 years. Allogeneic-HSCT (51.2%) and autologous-HSCT (48.9%) patients were included. The median time from HSCT to COVID-19 diagnosis was 398 days (IQR: 1211-134), with 22 (44.8%) cases occurring within 12 months of transplantation. Most cases occurred during the first year of the pandemic, in non-vaccinated patients (n=35; 71.4%). Most patients developed severe (24.4%) or critical (40.8%) disease; 67.3% received some medication for COVID-19, primarily corticosteroids (53.0%). The probable invasive aspergillosis prevalence was 10.2%. All-cause mortality was 40.8%, 51.4% in non-vaccinated patients and 14.2% in patients who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In the multiple regression analyses, the variables mechanical ventilation (OR: 101.01; 95% CI: 8.205 - 1,242.93; p = 0.003) and chest CT involvement at diagnosis ≥50% (OR: 26.61; 95% CI: 1.06 - 664.26; p = 0.04) remained associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, HSCT recipients with COVID-19 experienced high mortality, highlighting the need for full vaccination and infection prevention measures.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pandemias , Brasil/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19 , Fatores de Risco , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplant (HDCT) is potentially curative for patients with refractory germ cell tumors (rGCT). There is scarce real-world data supporting its implementation in low- and middle-income countries. We described the experience of our tertiary cancer center in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: We identified male patients ≥18 years-old with rGCT referred to HDCT after board discussion. Clinical data, including delays in HDCT protocol, were extracted from medical records, and survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard were used to determine effects on overall survival (OS). RESULTS: From January 2013 to January 2023, 34 patients were referred and considered eligible to receive 2 cycles of HDCT. Most patients had primary testicular tumors (82%), nonseminomatous histology (88%), and poor International Germ Cell Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) (79%). Twenty-three patients received HDCT (1 cycle, n = 8; 2 cycles, n = 15). Main reasons for not receiving any HDCT were death due to progressive disease (n = 1), performance deterioration (n = 7), and failure of stem cell mobilization (n = 3). OS at 2 years was 36.7% for the eligible population, 56.1% for patients who underwent at least 1 HDCT, and 77.1% for those who had ≥2 cycles. The 2-year OS rate for patients not given HDCT was 0%. All patients had delays in protocol, and poor-risk patients had longer intervals from referral to protocol initiation (0.7 vs. 1.8 month, P < .01). CONCLUSION: Outcomes of patients who received ≥1 HDCT were encouraging; however, only 15 from 34 eligible patients were able to receive the planned 2 cycles of HDCT. Further strategies to minimize treatment delays in low- and middle-income countries are needed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Neoplasias Testiculares , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/terapia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Brasil , Adulto , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem , Transplante Autólogo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Terapia Combinada , AdolescenteRESUMO
ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at -increased risk for severe COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of COVID-19 in a cohort of HSCT recipients. This retrospective study evaluated a cohort of adult hospitalized HSCT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two large hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil post-HSCT, from January 2020 to June 2022. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Of 49 cases, 63.2% were male with a median age of 47 years. Allogeneic-HSCT (51.2%) and autologous-HSCT (48.9%) patients were included. The median time from HSCT to COVID-19 diagnosis was 398 days (IQR: 1211-134), with 22 (44.8%) cases occurring within 12 months of transplantation. Most cases occurred during the first year of the pandemic, in non-vaccinated patients (n=35; 71.4%). Most patients developed severe (24.4%) or critical (40.8%) disease; 67.3% received some medication for COVID-19, primarily corticosteroids (53.0%). The probable invasive aspergillosis prevalence was 10.2%. All-cause mortality was 40.8%, 51.4% in non-vaccinated patients and 14.2% in patients who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In the multiple regression analyses, the variables mechanical ventilation (OR: 101.01; 95% CI: 8.205 - 1,242.93; p = 0.003) and chest CT involvement at diagnosis ≥50% (OR: 26.61; 95% CI: 1.06 - 664.26; p = 0.04) remained associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, HSCT recipients with COVID-19 experienced high mortality, highlighting the need for full vaccination and infection prevention measures.
RESUMO
Lesões penetrantes no crânio são incomuns pela via transnasal e geralmente ocorrem como resultado de violência,acidentes de trabalho,de trânsito,ou por um evento casual.Este relato trata de introdução acidental de barra de metal, por uma das narinas, atravessando os planos da base do crânio e se alojando no cérebro de uma criança do sexo masculino de 4 anos de idade.Esta apresentava cefaléia,epistaxe e alteração visual.A radiografia e a tomografia computadorizada demonstraram o corpo estranho atingindo a região da sela túrcica à esquerda.Na arteriografia digital cerebral observou-se que a barra atingia a artéria carótida, em sua bifurcação e região de artéria cerebral média. Foi feita craniotomia pterional esquerda para retirada da barra com visualização direta. Encontrou-se lesão superficial da artéria carótida e da artéria oftálmica.Realizou-se contenção do sangramento.O paciente evoluiu no pós-operatório imediato com edema cerebral frontal unilateral,hipertensão intracraniana e fístula liquórica.Com um ano de evolução apresentava-se apenas com déficit visual.Esse caso chama a atenção por sua raridade e por demonstrar a importância da craniotomia e da microcirurgia no controle da hemorragia.