LIGHTSITE III: 13-Month Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation in Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using the Lumithera Valeda Light Delivery System.

PURPOSE: The LIGHTSITE III study evaluated multiwavelength photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using the LumiThera Valeda Light Delivery System. METHODS: LIGHTSITE III is a randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of PBM in dry AMD. Subjects were given multiwavelength PBM (590, 660, and 850 nm) or Sham treatment delivered in a series of nine sessions over 3 to 5 weeks every four months over 24 months. Subjects were assessed for efficacy and safety outcomes. Data from the 13-month analysis are presented in this report. RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects (148 eyes) with dry AMD were randomized. LIGHTSITE III met the primary efficacy best-corrected visual acuity endpoint with a significant difference between PBM (n = 91 eyes) and Sham (n = 54 eyes) groups (Between group difference: 2.4 letters (SE 1.15), CI: -4.7 to -0.1, P = 0.02) (PBM alone: 5.4 letters (SE 0.96), CI: 3.5 to 7.3, P < 0.0001; Sham alone: 3.0 letters (SE 1.13), CI: 0.7-5.2, P < 0.0001). The PBM group showed a significant decrease in new onset geographic atrophy ( P = 0.024, Fisher exact test, odds ratio 9.4). A favorable safety profile was observed. CONCLUSION: LIGHTSITE III provides a prospective, randomized, controlled trial showing improved clinical and anatomical outcomes in intermediate dry AMD following PBM therapy.

Synthesis and characterization of calcium-releasing elastomeric resin-based endodontic sealers.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with one of two calcium sources (i.e., calcium hydroxide/CaOH2 or beta-tricalcium phosphate/ß-TCP) on the physicochemical and biological properties of an experimental resin-based dual-cured endodontic sealer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HNTs were encapsulated with CaOH2 or ß-TCP at 10 wt.%. HNTs containing CaOH2 or ß-TCP were added into the experimental sealers at 50 wt.%. The control sealers were the calcium-free HNT-modified resin-based experimental sealer and AH Plus™, a commercially available endodontic sealer. Degree of conversion, setting time, flow, film thickness, radiopacity, dimensional stability, and calcium ions release were determined. Antibiofilm properties and cytocompatibility of the formulated sealers and commercial control were also evaluated. One and two-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey's post hoc test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the independent variable on the evaluated properties. RESULTS: FTIR confirmed the encapsulation of calcium sources into HNTs. Regarding flow and film thickness, the values obtained from these sealers were in accordance with the specifications provided by ISO 6876. For radiopacity, AH Plus™ achieved the highest radiopacity (p<0.05). Among the experimental formulations, all experimental HNT-containing compositions exhibited values below 3 mm Al. The experimental sealers showed greater dimensional changes when compared to the commercial (AH Plus™) control. The release of calcium ions was observed for the HNT_CaOH2 and HNT_ß-TCP sealers without statistical differences. Experimental sealers containing HNT_CaOH2 and HNT_ß-TCP significantly reduced the CFU/mL count and showed cell compatibility. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that the incorporation of HNT_CaOH2 or HNT_ß-TCP into resin-based experimental sealers promoted antimicrobial effects and gradual calcium release without impairing cytocompatibility or physicochemical properties of the sealers. Still, an adjustment to reach the minimal radiopacity established by ISO 6876 is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The experimental resin-based sealers seemed to be an alternative for endodontics. The incorporation of calcium sources exerts promising antimicrobial effects while displaying low cell toxicity.

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up.

Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruzi infection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infected Didelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority of T. cruzi isolates derived from L. rosalia were shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruzi isolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruzi isolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruzi in a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.

Pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing among pregnant women with dental pain, undergoing root canal treatment.

This prospective study aims to evaluate dental pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels in pregnant women undergoing root canal treatment. Sixty pregnant and non-pregnant women presenting dental pain and an indication for root canal treatment were included in the study. Dental anxiety and catastrophizing were investigated using validated questionnaires. The endodontic intervention was performed, and a numerical scale measured preoperative and postoperative dental pain. The results were analyzed using STATA software 12.0. Unadjusted analyses assessed the association between pregnancy and pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels. Multiple linear regression models using 'forward stepwise' entry procedures were used to assess the independent effects of variables on pain scores. The significance level was set at 0.05. Initially, most patients experienced intense dental pain. The levels of dental pain, dental anxiety, and catastrophizing did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Logistic regression showed that postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis (OR = 4.78; 95%CI 1.55-13.55) and high catastrophizing levels (OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.01-3.84). Preoperative and postoperative pain rates and anxiety and catastrophizing were similar between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis and high catastrophizing levels. The similarity between pregnant and non-pregnant women regarding preoperative and postoperative dental pain and catastrophizing and anxiety levels supports the indication of root canal treatment during the gestational period whenever necessary.

Postoperative pain after endodontic reintervention: a randomized clinical trial.

The present randomized clinical trial compared the prevalence and intensity of postoperative pain in cases of endodontic reintervention using manual or engine-driven reciprocating instruments. As secondary objectives, the analgesic intake and time required for the root canal filling removal and re-instrumentation were also evaluated. Forty-eight individuals with an endodontically treated single-rooted tooth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two comparison groups (n=24/group): reintervention with stainless steel manual instruments or a nickel-titanium reciprocating system (Reciproc; VDW, Munich, Germany). The endodontic reintervention was performed in two sessions with a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication applied for 14 days before root canal obturation. Working time for the root canal filling removal and re-instrumentation was recorded with a digital stopwatch. After each visit, postoperative pain intensity was assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours and seven days using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The patients were also asked about analgesic intake. Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square, T and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05). No significant differences between groups were found regarding the prevalence and intensity of pain or the need for analgesic intake at any time point (P > 0.05). Working time was significantly shorter in the reciprocating group (18 versus 41 minutes). In conclusion, manual and reciprocating instruments achieved the same results in terms of prevalence and intensity of postoperative pain and analgesic intake. However, filling material removal and re-instrumentation of the root canals were more than twice as fast when using the reciprocating system.

O objetivo deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi comparar a prevalência e a intensidade da dor pós-operatória em casos de retratamento endodôntico, utilizando instrumentos manuais ou reciprocantes (automatizados). O tempo necessário para desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular também foi avaliado. Quarenta e oito indivíduos possuindo um dente unirradicular tratado endodonticamente e portador de periodontite apical assintomática foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos (n=24/grupo): retratamento com instrumentos manuais de aço inoxidável ou um sistema reciprocante de níquel-titânio (Reciproc; VDW, Munique, Alemanha). A reintervenção endodôntica foi realizada em duas consultas, sendo aplicada medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias, antes da obturação. O tempo clínico gasto com os protocolos de desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foi registrado com um cronômetro digital. Após cada visita, a intensidade da dor pós-operatória foi avaliada em 12, 24, 48 horas e 7 dias por meio da escala de estimativa numérica (Numerical Rating Scale - NRS). Além do registro da dor, os pacientes foram questionados quanto ao uso de analgésicos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes Qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney (α=0.05). Não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à prevalência e intensidade da dor ou uso de analgésicos em nenhum dos períodos avaliados. O tempo clínico foi significativamente menor no grupo reciprocante (18 versus 41 minutos). Pode-se concluir que os instrumentos manuais e reciprocantes foram equivalentes quanto à prevalência e intensidade de dor pós-operatória e uso de analgésicos, mas a desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foram duas vezes mais rápidas com o sistema reciprocante.

Effect of number of uses and sterilization on the instrumented area and resistance of reciprocating instruments.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of repeated uses and autoclaving in the instrumented area, fracture resistance, and time of instrumentation of thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred simulated canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold. Each file was used up to 10 times or until fracture. The instrumented area was measured in pre- and post-operative images, using ImageJ software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis evaluated the number of uses of instruments before fracture. Instrumented area and time of instrumentation were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis. Correlations among the number of uses and instrumented area were measured. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Reciproc Blue presented a higher estimated number of uses in comparison with WaveOne Gold (p = 0.026), but autoclaving did not affect the resistance to fracture of instruments (p > 0.05). The instrumented area was different among the evaluated groups (p = 0.039), and the instrumented area along the uses of both tested instruments was reduced. With the time of instrumentation, there was also a significant difference among the evaluated groups; the groups without sterilization cycles were faster, in comparison to those submitted to autoclaving (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Reciproc Blue was more resistant than WaveOne Gold, suffering later fracture. Additionally, the sterilization cycles did not influence the estimated number of uses of thermally treated reciprocating instruments, but the instrumented area of root canals was reduced along with the repeated uses of both instruments.

Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Risuteganib for Non-Exudative AMD: A Multicenter, Phase 2a, Randomized, Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.0 mg risuteganib in subjects with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a phase 2a, prospective, double-masked, sham-controlled study. Eyes with nonexudative (dry) AMD and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/40 and 20/200 were included. Subjects were randomized to intravitreal 1.0 mg risuteganib or sham injection. At Week 16, subjects in the risuteganib group received a second 1.0-mg dose and the sham group crossed over to receive a dose of 1.0 mg risuteganib and were evaluated at Week 28. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with 8 letters ETDRS or more BCVA gain from baseline to Week 28 in the risuteganib group versus baseline to Week 12 for the sham group. BCVA was tested and subjects were observed for adverse events (AEs) every 4 weeks until completion of the study at 32 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-five subjects (risuteganib, n = 29; sham, n = 16) were enrolled in the study, of whom 39 (risuteganib, n = 25; sham, n = 14) completed the study and were included in the per protocol efficacy analysis. At baseline, mean age was 78.8 and 75.9 years and mean BCVA was 67.1 and 64.4 letters in the sham and risuteganib groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was met by 48% of the risuteganib group at Week 28 and 7% of the sham group at Week 12 (P = .013). Of the risuteganib subjects, 20% gained 15 letters or more at Week 28, whereas no patients in the sham group at Week 12 achieved this visual acuity gain. The only ocular treatment-related treatment-emergent AE was vitreous floaters, which spontaneously recovered without sequelae. No drug-related serious AE was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Risuteganib demonstrated significant BCVA improvement in patients with non-exudative AMD. No drug-related AEs were seen during a 32-week observation period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:327-335.].

Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth.

Objective. This study evaluated the discoloration potential of endodontic materials used in primary teeth. Material and Methods. Dentine-enamel blocks were prepared from 75 bovine teeth, assorted in five experimental groups (n = 15). The tested materials included an MTA-based material; zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE); Vitapex; and calcium hydroxide thickened with zinc oxide (Calen + ZO). The color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at the following intervals: prior to (T0) and after placement of the filling (T1) and after 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5), and 9 months (T6). Data were submitted to ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's test. Results. The time had a significant effect on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The effect of the materials on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Interactions between time and materials demonstrated a significant effect on the values (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The ZOE cement showed the highest darkening effect (p = 0.018). Conclusion. The MTA-based material showed the smallest discoloration during the experimental time; however, it was similar to the other materials and to the control group. Zinc oxide and eugenol showed higher discoloration.

Postoperative pain after endodontic reintervention: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi comparar a prevalência e a intensidade da dor pós-operatória em casos de retratamento endodôntico, utilizando instrumentos manuais ou reciprocantes (automatizados). O tempo necessário para desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular também foi avaliado. Quarenta e oito indivíduos possuindo um dente unirradicular tratado endodonticamente e portador de periodontite apical assintomática foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos (n=24/grupo): retratamento com instrumentos manuais de aço inoxidável ou um sistema reciprocante de níquel-titânio (Reciproc; VDW, Munique, Alemanha). A reintervenção endodôntica foi realizada em duas consultas, sendo aplicada medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias, antes da obturação. O tempo clínico gasto com os protocolos de desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foi registrado com um cronômetro digital. Após cada visita, a intensidade da dor pós-operatória foi avaliada em 12, 24, 48 horas e 7 dias por meio da escala de estimativa numérica (Numerical Rating Scale - NRS). Além do registro da dor, os pacientes foram questionados quanto ao uso de analgésicos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes Qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney (α=0.05). Não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à prevalência e intensidade da dor ou uso de analgésicos em nenhum dos períodos avaliados. O tempo clínico foi significativamente menor no grupo reciprocante (18 versus 41 minutos). Pode-se concluir que os instrumentos manuais e reciprocantes foram equivalentes quanto à prevalência e intensidade de dor pós-operatória e uso de analgésicos, mas a desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foram duas vezes mais rápidas com o sistema reciprocante.

Abstract The present randomized clinical trial compared the prevalence and intensity of postoperative pain in cases of endodontic reintervention using manual or engine-driven reciprocating instruments. As secondary objectives, the analgesic intake and time required for the root canal filling removal and re-instrumentation were also evaluated. Forty-eight individuals with an endodontically treated single-rooted tooth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two comparison groups (n=24/group): reintervention with stainless steel manual instruments or a nickel-titanium reciprocating system (Reciproc; VDW, Munich, Germany). The endodontic reintervention was performed in two sessions with a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication applied for 14 days before root canal obturation. Working time for the root canal filling removal and re-instrumentation was recorded with a digital stopwatch. After each visit, postoperative pain intensity was assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours and seven days using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The patients were also asked about analgesic intake. Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square, T and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05). No significant differences between groups were found regarding the prevalence and intensity of pain or the need for analgesic intake at any time point (P > 0.05). Working time was significantly shorter in the reciprocating group (18 versus 41 minutes). In conclusion, manual and reciprocating instruments achieved the same results in terms of prevalence and intensity of postoperative pain and analgesic intake. However, filling material removal and re-instrumentation of the root canals were more than twice as fast when using the reciprocating system.

Endodontic treatment during pregnancy: case series and literature review / Tratamento endodôntico na gestação: série de casos e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for conducting safe root canal treatment in pregnant women, illustrating with case reports treated in the extension project Maternal-Child Dental Care at the Federal University of Pelotas. The scientific bases address the main doubts of professionals when performing prenatal dental care: use of radiographic examination, local anesthetics, prescription of medications, among other essential factors in the care of pregnant women. The assisted pregnant women sought care with dental pain. In two cases symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed, while a third was experiencing acute apical periodontitis. Endodontic procedures were performed under controlled and standardized conditions. The root canals were prepared in a single session, using mechanical instrumentation with reciprocating kinematics (Wave One® Gold Primary - Dentsply Sirona), and the root canal length was determined by an electronic apex locator FinePex (Schuster). Root canal filling was performed by the single cone technique with Wave One® gutta-percha points. After endodontic treatment, coronal sealing was performed with composite resin A2 Z350 XT (3M ESPE). The care related to the gestational condition is highlighted, and the patients remain under monitoring. It is concluded that the use of apical locators and mechanical instrumentation, using reciprocating files associated with the single cone obturation technique with a standardized cone for each system, represents advances for the accomplishment of endodontic treatment in pregnant patients due to the shorter clinical time and greater comfort of the procedure.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer embasamento científico para condução do tratamento endodôntico em gestantes através de uma revisão de literatura e série de casos clínicos conduzidos em sessão única no projeto de extensão Atenção Odontológica Materno-infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. As bases científicas abordam as principais dúvidas do profissional na condução do pré-natal odontológico: uso do exame radiográfico, anestésico local, prescrição de medicamentos, entre outros fatores essenciais no atendimento da gestante. As gestantes assistidas procuraram atendimento apresentando dor de origem dentária. Em dois casos foi diagnosticado pulpite irreversível sintomática, enquanto um terceiro se travava de periodontite apical aguda. Os procedimentos endodônticos foram realizados sob condições controladas e padronizadas, sob supervisão de um professor de Endodontia. O preparo dos canais radiculares foi realizado em sessão única, através de instrumentação mecanizada de cinemática reciprocante (Wave One® Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona), sendo o comprimento dos canais determinado por meio de localizador foraminal FinePex (Schuster). A obturação dos canais foi realizada pela técnica do cone único com cones do sistema Wave One®. Após o tratamento endodôntico foi realizada blindagem coronária com resina composta cor A2 Z350 XT (3M ESPE). Os cuidados relacionados à condição gestacional estão destacados, sendo que as pacientes permanecem em acompanhamento no projeto. Conclui-se que o uso de localizadores foraminais e da instrumentação mecanizada, utilizando limas reciprocantes associadas à técnica de obturação com cone único padronizado para cada sistema representam avanços para a realização do tratamento endodôntico em pacientes gestantes devido ao menor tempo clínico e maior conforto do procedimento.

Fatores preditivos do sucesso en dodôntico em tratamentos realizados por alunos de graduação§ / Predictive factors of endodontic success in treatments performed by undergraduate / Factores predictivos del éxito endodontico en tratamientos realizados por un estudiante

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: Ainda são escassos os estudos que avaliam com exatidão o sucesso do tratamento e retratamento endodônticos e quais as falhas que realmente impactam no desfecho dos mesmos. Determinar o índice e os fatores preditivos para o sucesso de tratamentos e retratamentos endodônticos, realizados por alunos de graduação com o mesmo nível de aprendizado. Materiais e métodos: Foram verificados os registros de proservação, com pelo menos 12 meses, dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Pelotas, analisando o sucesso ou o fracasso endodôntico, de acordo com critérios clínicos e radiográficos. As variáveis preditivas no resultado do sucesso do tratamento foram: dente, número de canais, coroa dentária, sintomas, diagnóstico da polpa e índice periapical radiográfico. As variáveis relacionadas ao tratamento foram: técnica de instrumentação, número de sessões e limite de instrumentação apical. Resultados: 136 tratamentos endodônticos foram realizados com um acompanhamento de, pelo menos, 12 meses. A avaliação mostrou que o sucesso endodôntico foi influenciado pelo número de sessões (P = 0,015), diagnóstico inicial e grupo dentário (P= 0.014). Também foi possível observar que, quanto maior o índice periapical radiográfico inicial, pior o prognóstico endodôntico (P < 0.001). Conclusão: O índice de sucesso do tratamento endodôntico foi de 96.7% para casos de polpa vital, 87.5% para os casos de necrose pulpar e 92.9% em retratamentos. Estes índices foram influenciados pelo dente tratado, diagnóstico inicial, índice periapical radiográfico inicial e pelo número de sessões utilizadas no tratamento.

Abstract Introduction and objective: There are still few studies that accurately address endodontic success and which failures actually impact the endodontic treatment outcome. Determine success rate and predictive factors for successful endodontic treatment and retreatment by undergraduate students of the same learning level. Materials and methods: The preservation records (12 months) of the endodontic treatments performed in the Faculty of Dentistry of Pelotas were verified, indicating the success or failure of the treatment. Predictive variables in the outcome of successful endodontic treatment or retreatment were: tooth, number of channels, dental crown, symptoms, pulp diagnosis, radiographic periapical index. The treatmentrelated variables were: instrumentation technique, number of sessions and apical instrumentation limit. Results: 136 endodontic treatments were performed with a follow-up of at least 12 months. The evaluation showed that endodontic success was influenced by the number of sessions (P = 0.015), initial diagnosis and dental group (P = 0.014). It was also observed that the higher the initial radiographic periapical index, the worse the endodontic prognosis (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The success rate of endodontic treatment was 96.7% for cases of vital pulp, 87.5% for cases of pulp necrosis and 92.9% for retreatments. These indices were influenced by type tooth, initial diagnosis, initial radiographic periapical index and the number of visits used in the treatment.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Todavía hay pocos estudios que aborden con precisión el éxito endodóntico y cuáles fracasos realmente impactan el resultado del tratamiento endodóntico. Determinar la tasa de éxito y los factores predictivos para el tratamiento y el retratamiento exitoso de endodoncia por estudiantes universitarios del mismo nivel de aprendizaje. Materiales y métodos: Se verificaron los registros de conservación (12 meses) de los tratamientos de endodoncia realizados en la Facultad de Odontología de Pelotas, lo que indica el éxito o el fracaso del tratamiento. Las variables predictivas en el resultado de un tratamiento o retratamiento endodóntico exitoso fueron: diente, número de canales, corona dental, síntomas, diagnóstico pulpar, índice periapical radiográfico. Las variables relacionadas con el tratamiento fueron: técnica de instrumentación, número de sesiones y límite de instrumentación apical. Resultados: se realizaron 136 tratamientos de endodoncia con un seguimiento de al menos 12 meses. La evaluación mostró que el éxito endodóntico estaba influenciado por el número de sesiones (P = 0.015), el diagnóstico inicial y el grupo dental (P = 0.014). También se observó que cuanto mayor es el índice periapical radiográfico inicial, peor es el pronóstico endodóntico (P <0.001). Conclusión: La tasa de éxito del tratamiento endodóntico fue del 96.7% para casos de pulpa vital, 87.5% para casos de necrosis pulpar y 92.9% para retratamientos. Estos índices fueron influenciados por el tipo de diente, el diagnóstico inicial, el índice periapical radiográfico inicial y el número de visitas utilizadas en el tratamiento.

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up

Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruzi infection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infected Didelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority of T. cruzi isolates derived from L. rosalia were shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruzi isolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruzi isolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruzi in a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da Doença de Chagas canina no semiárido paraibano / Epidemiological aspects of canine Chagas disease in the semi-arid region of Paraiba

Com o objetivo de determinar os aspectos epidemiológicos que envolvem a doença de Chagas (DC) canina e identificar os principais fatores de risco da enfermidade no semiárido paraibano, foi conduzido um estudo na zona rural de Patos, onde a área foi dividida em três estratos amostrais (Norte, Sul e Oeste) e, em cada estrato foram amostradas aleatoriamente 294 casas, e dessas todos os cães domiciliados representaram as unidades elementares do estudo. Em cada unidade domiciliar foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para se obter informações sobre indicadores que favorecem a disseminação da doença no segmento peridomiciliar. O diagnóstico sorológico para DC em cães foi baseado em três métodos (RIFI, ELISA e HAI), sendo consideradas positivas aquelas amostras que apresentassem pelo menos dois testes reagentes e ausência de reatividade cruzada. Para zona rural do município, a prevalência de cães sororreagentes para T. cruzi por estrato amostral foram: Norte 6,05%, Sul 3,59% e Oeste 2,97%, correspondendo a uma prevalência em sua totalidade de 4,08%. Os fatores de riscos (odds ratio, OR) evidenciados em análise multifatorial foram: tipo de parede (OR=2,59 [1,24-5,4]), presença de armazém (OR=1,89 [1,31-3,0]), presença de galinheiros (OR=8,31 [1,29-61,7]), contato com animais (OR=9,11 [1,12-73,9]), contato com aves (OR=9,7 [1,81-52,83]), triatomíneos capturados (OR=16,58 [3,43-80,23]) e antropismo (OR=4,35 [1,36-14,0]. Diante dos resultados foi possível se obter informações inerentes à situação epidemiológica da Doença de Chagas ressaltando características biogeográficas da zona rural do semiárido paraibano, elevando a espécie canina e os fatores de risco evidenciados, em destaque ao contato com aves e ecótopos artificiais, operacionalizando indicadores a serem assistidos e considerados na cadeia de transmissão da doença na região.

In order to determine the epidemiological aspects involving canine Chagas disease (CD) and to identify major risk factors for the disease in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, a study was conducted in the rural area of Patos/Paraíba, Brazil, where the area was divided into three sampling strata (North, South and West) and, in each stratum we randomly sampled about 294 houses, and all the pet dogs represented the elementary units of study. In each household an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to obtain information on indicators that favor the spread of the disease in peridomestic segment. Serological diagnosis for CD in dogs was based on three methods (IFA, ELISA and HAI), considering positive samples that had at least two tests reagents and absence of cross-reaction. For the rural area, the prevalence of seropositive dogs for Trypanosoma cruzi by sampling stratum was: North 6.05%, South 3.59% and West 2.97%, corresponding to a total prevalence of 4.08%. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) were evidenced in multifactorial analysis: wall type (OR=2.59 [1.24-5.4]), presence at warehouse (OR=1.89 [1.31-3.0]), present at chicken stall (OR=8.31 [1.29-61.7]), contact with animals (OR = 9.11 [1.12-73.9]), contact with birds (OR=9.7 [1.81-52.83]), captured triatomines (OR=16.58 [3.43-80.23]) and anthropogenic (OR=4.35 [1.36-14.0]. From the results it was possible to obtain information pertaining to the epidemiological situation of Chagas Disease highlighting biogeographical characteristics of rural semi-arid region of Paraiba, raising dogs and the risk factors disclosed in the highlighted contact with birds and ecotopes operationalizing indicators to be watched and considered in the chain of transmission of the disease in the region.

Restabelecimento da estética dentária por meio da combinação de clareamento de consultório e caseiro / Reestablishment of dental aesthetics by combination of in-office and at-home dental bleaching

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o tratamento clareador em dentes vitalizados empregando a combinação das técnicas de consultório e caseiro supervisionado. A técnica clareadora de consultório foi realizada em uma sessão clínica, com a realização de três aplicações e, consecutivamente, a técnica de clareamento caseiro foi realizada durante duas semanas. Aplicou-se gel a base de peróxido de hidrogénio a 35% para o clareamento de consultório associado ao peróxido de carbamida a 10% para o procedimento caseiro. Concluímos que a associação de técnicas clareadoras mostrou-se uma excelente opção estética para dentes que foram alterados cromaticamente...

The aim of this study is to describe the vital teeth bleaching combining both in-office and at-home techniques. The office bleaching technique was performed in a one clinical session, with the completion of three applications and consecutively the home bleaching technique was performed for two weeks. Hydrogen peroxide gel at 35% for office bleaching was applied associated with carbamide peroxide at 10% for the home procedure. We conclude that the association of bleaching techniques proved to be an excellent aesthetic choice for teeth that have changed chromatically...

Alternativa estética em dente cromaticamente alterado através do esvaziamento dentinário / Aesthetic alternative for discolored tooth through dentin removal

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o tratamento estético em um dente escurecido empregando a técnica de esvaziamento dentinário. Após a substituição de parte da dentina coronária escurecida por uma resina composta, verificou-se mudança cromática do dente. Concluímos que o esvaziamento coronário é uma opção estética para a manutenção do aspecto natural do esmalte sem a utilização de facetas diretas ou coroas protéticas em dentes cromaticamente alterados.

The aim of this paper is to describe the treatment of a darkened tooth using the removal dentin technique. After, the replacement of the discolored dentin by composite resin, a dramatic improvement of the tooth shade was verified. We conclude that the removal of dentin is an aesthetic option for maintaining the natural appearance of enamel without the use of direct veneers or prosthetic crowns in chromatically changed teeth.