Resolvin E1 and Inhibition of BLT2 Signaling Attenuate the Inflammatory Response and Improve One-Lung Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury.

INTRODUCTION: One-lung ventilation (OLV) is a prevalently used technique to sustain intraoperative pulmonary function. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator, accelerates the resolution of inflammation in the lungs. However, its therapeutic effects on OLV-induced lung injury remain unclear. METHODS: We initially developed an OLV rat model and treated it with RvE1. Subsequently, we assessed the wet/dry ratio of the lung tissue, performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, and calculated the ratio of polymorphonuclear cells to white blood cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, we assessed apoptosis, inflammatory factor levels, and lung permeability in the rat lung tissues in the RvE1 treated and untreated groups and explored the molecular mechanisms mediated by RvE1. RESULTS: Our results indicated that RvE1 alleviated lung injury and inflammation and improved lung tissue apoptosis and permeability in OLV rats. Moreover, RvE1 suppressed the expression of the BLT1/2 signaling pathway and its ligands. The use of BLT2 and BLT1 inhibitors (LY255283 and U-75302, respectively) enhanced RvE1's anti-inflammatory effects and reduced lung injury. Furthermore, synergistic treatment with the BLT2 inhibitor and RvE1 provided grater benefits by more effectively inhibiting the NF-kB, p38 MAPK, and ERK pathways. DISCUSSION: RvE1 and the inhibition of BLT2 signalling reduce the inflammatory response and mitigate OLV-induced lung injury. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic pathway for managing OLV-related complications.

Dexmedetomidine for prevention of propofol injection pain upon induction of anesthesia: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Propofol injection pain is a very common problem during the induction of general anesthesia. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of propofol injection pain so as to provide evidence for future clinical applications. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials examining the use of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of propofol injection pain. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated employing fixed-effects or random-effects models, depending upon the heterogeneity of the included trials. Because of the wide variety of interventions investigated, three comparisons of studies were established, dexmedetomidine compared with saline, lidocaine, and ketamine. RESULTS: Compared with saline, dexmedetomidine allowed more patients to experience no pain upon propofol injection (RR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.18, 0.38), P < 0.00001). Dexmedetomidine at doses of < 1 µg/kg did not show superiority in relieving propofol injecting pain compared with lidocaine (RR = 1.28, 95% CI (0.82, 2.00), P = 0.04). Dexmedetomidine is less effective than ketamine in reducing pain on propofol injection with a statistically significant P value of < 0.000010 (RR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.51, 2.47)). The report of adverse effects is rare, dexmedetomidine is a safe method to reduce propofol injection pain. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine may be a useful alternative for reducing pain on propofol injection, even though dexmedetomidine is less effective than lidocaine and ketamine.

Affinity regulation of the NH3 + H2O system by ionic liquids with molecular interaction analysis.

This work proposed using an adequate ionic liquid (IL) to weaken the affinity between NH3 and H2O as a potential solution to the issue of high-energy consumption involved in separating NH3 gas from liquid H2O. Two quaternary phosphonium-based ILs were selected according to an optimized regulation strategy. The regulation effects of the ILs were evaluated by the vapor-liquid equilibrium property of the NH3 + H2O + IL systems, and were compared with the regulation effects of traditional additives. The results showed that the expected effects were achieved by adding ILs. The regulation mechanisms of different strategies were discussed with respect to the molecular structure and chemical equilibrium for the first time limited to the authors' latest literature review. Finally, the IR spectra of the NH3 + H2O + IL systems were acquired and analyzed to verify the interactions of the ILs with NH3 and H2O.