Olfactory EEG induced by odor: Used for food identification and pleasure analysis.

As the need for food authenticity verification increases, sensory evaluation of food odors has become widely recognized. This study presents a theory based on electroencephalography (EEG) to create an Olfactory Perception Dimensional Space (EEG-OPDS), using feature engineering and ensemble learning to establish material and emotional spaces based on odor perception and pleasure. The study examines the intrinsic connection between these two spaces and explores the mechanisms of integration and differentiation in constructing the OPDS. This method effectively visualizes various types of food odors while identifying their perceptual intensity and pleasantness. The average classification accuracy for odor recognition in an eight-category experiment is 96.1%. Conversely, the average classification accuracy for sensory pleasantness recognition in a two-category experiment is 98.8%. The theoretical approach proposed in this study, based on olfactory EEG signals to construct an OPDS, captures the subtle perceptual differences and individualized pleasantness responses to food odors.

Advancing research on odor-induced sweetness enhancement: A EEG local-global fusion transformer network for sweetness quantification combined with EEG technology.

Reducing sugar intake is crucial for health, and odor sweetening enhances food enjoyment and quality perception. Current research relies on subjective manual sensory evaluations, which are poorly reproducible. Traditional methods also fail to capture dynamic neural responses to odor-induced sweetness. We propose an electroencephalogram local-global fusion transformer network (EEG-LGFNet) model to decode this impact objectively. Electroencephalogram data were collected from 16 subjects under different odor and sucrose stimuli. The model captures complex neural signals by integrating local and global feature extraction mechanisms. Its performance was validated across three-time windows, demonstrating efficacy over various temporal ranges. Analysis of the coefficient of determination across brain regions confirmed the importance of the frontal, central, and parietal areas of sweetness perception. The EEG-LGFNet model excelled in quantifying odor-enhanced sweetness, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art models. This research offers new insights into odor sweetening, with applications in food development, personalized nutrition, and neuroscience.

Clivia biosensor: Soil moisture identification based on electrophysiology signals with deep learning.

Research has shown that plants have the ability to detect environmental changes and generate electrical signals in response. These electrical signals can regulate the physiological state of plants and produce corresponding feedback. This suggests that plants have the potential to be used as biosensors for monitoring environmental information. However, there are current challenges in linking environmental information with plant electrical signals, especially in collecting and classifying the corresponding electrical signals under soil moisture gradients. This study documented the electrical signals of clivia under different soil moisture gradients and created a dataset for classifying electrical signals. Subsequently, we proposed a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model (PlantNet) for classifying the electrical signal dataset. Compared to traditional CNN models, our model achieved optimal classification performance with the lowest computational resource consumption. The model achieved an accuracy of 99.26%, precision of 99.31%, recall of 92.26%, F1-score of 99.21%, with 0.17M parameters, a size of 7.17MB, and 14.66M FLOPs. Therefore, this research provides scientific evidence for the future development of plants as biosensors for detecting soil moisture, and offers insight into developing plants as biosensors for detecting signals such as ozone, PM2.5, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), and more. These studies are expected to drive the development of environmental monitoring technology and provide new pathways for better understanding the interaction between plants and the environment.

FBANet: An Effective Data Mining Method for Food Olfactory EEG Recognition.

At present, the sensory evaluation of food mostly depends on artificial sensory evaluation and machine perception, but artificial sensory evaluation is greatly interfered with by subjective factors, and machine perception is difficult to reflect human feelings. In this article, a frequency band attention network (FBANet) for olfactory electroencephalogram (EEG) was proposed to distinguish the difference in food odor. First, the olfactory EEG evoked experiment was designed to collect the olfactory EEG, and the preprocessing of olfactory EEG, such as frequency division, was completed. Second, the FBANet consisted of frequency band feature mining and frequency band feature self-attention, in which frequency band feature mining can effectively mine multiband features of olfactory EEG with different scales, and frequency band feature self-attention can integrate the extracted multiband features and realize classification. Finally, compared with other advanced models, the performance of the FBANet was evaluated. The results show that FBANet was better than the state-of-the-art techniques. In conclusion, FBANet effectively mined the olfactory EEG data information and distinguished the differences between the eight food odors, which proposed a new idea for food sensory evaluation based on multiband olfactory EEG analysis.

Identification of white degradable and non-degradable plastics in food field: A dynamic residual network coupled with hyperspectral technology.

In the food field, with the improvement of people's health and environmental protection awareness, degradable plastics have become a trend to replace non-degradable plastics. However, their appearance is very similar, making it difficult to distinguish them. This work proposed a rapid identification method for white non-degradable and degradable plastics. Firstly, a hyperspectral imaging system was used to collect the hyperspectral images of the plastics in visible and near-infrared bands (380-1038 nm). Secondly, a residual network (ResNet) was designed according to the characteristics of hyperspectral information. Finally, a dynamic convolution module was introduced into the ResNet to establish a dynamic residual network (Dy-ResNet) to adaptively mine the data features and realize the classification of the degradable and non-degradable plastics. Dy-ResNet had better classification performance than the other classical deep learning methods. The classification accuracy of the degradable and non-degradable plastics was 99.06%. In conclusion, hyperspectral imaging technology was combined with Dy-ResNet to identify the white non-degradable and degradable plastics effectively.

A monolithically sculpted van der Waals nano-opto-electro-mechanical coupler.

The nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems (NOEMS) are a class of hybrid solid devices that hold promises in both classical and quantum manipulations of the interplay between one or more degrees of freedom in optical, electrical and mechanical modes. To date, studies of NOEMS using van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are very limited, although vdW materials are known for emerging phenomena such as spin, valley, and topological physics. Here, we devise a universal method to easily and robustly fabricate vdW heterostructures into an architecture that hosts opto-electro-mechanical couplings in one single device. We demonstrated several functionalities, including nano-mechanical resonator, vacuum channel diodes, and ultrafast thermo-radiator, using monolithically sculpted graphene NOEMS as a platform. Optical readout of electric and magnetic field tuning of mechanical resonance in a CrOCl/graphene vdW NOEMS is further demonstrated. Our results suggest that the introduction of the vdW heterostructure into the NOEMS family will be of particular potential for the development of novel lab-on-a-chip systems.

Current-driven magnetization switching in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2.

The recent discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials holds promises for spintronic devices with exceptional properties. However, to use 2D vdW magnets for building spintronic nanodevices such as magnetic memories, key challenges remain in terms of effectively switching the magnetization from one state to the other electrically. Here, we devise a bilayer structure of Fe3GeTe2/Pt, in which the magnetization of few-layered Fe3GeTe2 can be effectively switched by the spin-orbit torques (SOTs) originated from the current flowing in the Pt layer. The effective magnetic fields corresponding to the SOTs are further quantitatively characterized using harmonic measurements. Our demonstration of the SOT-driven magnetization switching in a 2D vdW magnet could pave the way for implementing low-dimensional materials in the next-generation spintronic applications.