Chemical Redox Cycling in an Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor: Toward Dual Chemical and Electronic Amplification for Bioanalysis.

The organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) has been proven to be a promising platform to study the rich light-matter-bio interplay toward advanced biomolecular detection, yet current OPECT is highly restrained to its intrinsic electronic amplification. Herein, this work first combines chemical amplification with electronic amplification in OPECT for dual-amplified bioanalytics with high current gain, which is exemplified by human immunoglobulin G (HIgG)-dependent sandwich immunorecognition and subsequent alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-mediated chemical redox cycling (CRC) on a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived BiVO4/WO3 gate. The target-dependent redox cycling of ascorbic acid (AA) acting as an effective electron donor could lead to an amplified modulation against the polymer channel, as indicated by the channel current. The as-developed bioanalysis could achieve sensitive HIgG detection with a good analytical performance. This work features the dual chemical and electronic amplification for OPECT bioanalysis and is expected to stimulate further interest in the design of CRC-assisted OPECT bioassays.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), cause significant morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. Several environmental toxins, particularly those that affect the normal function of the placenta and the endothelium, are emerging as potential risk factors for HDP. Among them, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely used in a variety of commercial products, have been related to a variety of adverse health effects including HDP. This study was conducted by searching three databases for observational studies reporting associations between PFAS and HDP, all of which were published before December 2022. We used random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled risk estimates, and assessing each combination of exposure and outcome for quality and level of evidence. In total, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results from meta-analyses showed that risk of PE was increased with exposure to PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.85; N = 6 studies; exposure = 1 ln-unit increment; low certainty), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) (RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.86; N = 6 studies; exposure = 1 ln-unit increment; moderate certainty), and PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate) (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.76; N = 6 studies; exposure = 1 ln-unit increment; low certainty). PFOS was also associated with an increased risk of HDP (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.76; exposure = 1 ln-unit increment; low certainty). Exposure to legacy PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS) is associated with an increased risk of PE, and PFOS is further associated with HDP. In view of the limitations of meta-analysis and quality of evidence, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further research is required that assesses exposure to multiple PFAS in diverse and well-powered cohorts.

Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on BSA Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode.

Glucose sensors based blood glucose detection are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes because diabetes has aroused wide concern in the world. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to cross-link glucose oxidase (GOD) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by a composite of hydroxy fullerene (HFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and protected with a glutaraldehyde (GLA)/Nafion (NF) composite membrane to prepare a novel glucose biosensor. The modified materials were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The prepared MWCNTs-HFs composite has excellent conductivity, the addition of BSA regulates MWCNTs-HFs hydrophobicity and biocompatibility, and better immobilizes GOD on MWCNTs-HFs. MWCNTs-BSA-HFs plays a synergistic role in the electrochemical response to glucose. The biosensor shows high sensitivity (167 µA·mM-1·cm-2), wide calibration range (0.01-3.5 mM), and low detection limit (17 µM). The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant Kmapp is 119 µM. Additionally, the proposed biosensor has good selectivity and excellent storage stability (120 days). The practicability of the biosensor was evaluated in real plasma samples, and the recovery rate was satisfactory.

[Effects of delayed ureteral stents removal during the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life and psychological status of postoperative patients with urinary calculi].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impacts of delayed ureteral stent removal on the quality of life (QoL) and mental health of urinary calculi postoperative patients due to the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: The demographic and clinical data of patients with ureteral stent placement after urinary endoscopic lithotripsy and returned to Peking University People's Hospital for stent removal from December 2019 to June 2020 were collected. Ureteral stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ) score and the outcome 20-item self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were collected to estimate the QoL and mental status. The USSQ consisted of 44 questions in 6 domains (including urinary symptom, physical pain, general health, work performance, sexual function, and ureteral stent related infection). For most questions in each domain, its score was a five-point Likert-type scale from 1 to 5, and a small proportion of questions was quantified by 1 to 4 or 1 to 7 scale. SAS and SDS both contained 20 questions used to assess a patient's level of anxiety and depression. Its scoring for each item was on a four-point Likert-type scale from 1 to 4. A total score (ranging from 20 to 80) was the main statistical indicator. The level of clinical anxiety and depression was quantified by using standard scores (total score multiplied by 1.25 to produce integers). And the multi-group structural equation model was constructed by analysis of moment structure (AMOS) analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 71 patients were enrolled for analysis. It was found that the median duration of ureteral stent time differed significantly between the control and delayed groups for 32 (30, 33) d and 94.5 (88, 103) d, respectively. The delayed group resulted in higher scores in the USSQ multidimensional, which included urinary symptoms, general health, work performance and ureteral stent related infections. Anxiety and depression were also significantly serious in the delayed group than in the control group. A longer indwelling time of a ureteral stent could exacerbate the effects of urinary symptoms and physical pain on work performance (P=0.029 < 0.05). Among them, the patients with severe urinary symptoms leading to poor work performance were most significantly affected by prolonged ureteral stent duration time (CR=2.619>1.96). CONCLUSION: Patients with delayed ureteral stent removal due to the COVID-19 had resulted in worse QoL and mental status. Stents related symptoms are more severe in patients with higher anxiety and depression degree during COVID-19. To improve the QoL and mental health of patients after urinary calculi surgery during COVID-19, it is still not recommended to prolong the stent duration time or corresponding intervention measures should be taken.

[Choice of medical treatment for renal colic: A survey of Chinese urologists].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status quo of recognition and management of renal colic among urological surgeons in China. METHODS: From November 2021 to March 2022, 725 urological surgeons in China were surveyed in the form of a questionnaire, including their province, hospital grade, professional title, the number of patients with renal colic treated per week, the preferred drugs and the cognition of the disease. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital, and all respondents completed informed consent online. RESULTS: During November 2021 and March 2022, urological surgeons across China were surveyed in the form of a questionnaire, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were verified before the study was carried out. In the study, 720 valid questionnaires were collected (accounting for 99.31% of the total number), in which 42.4% of the doctors' preferred drugs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 40.0% of the doctors' preferred antispasmodic drugs. Opioids were the first choice of 11.0% of the physicians and other treatments were preferred by 6.6% of physicians. In addition, 61.1% of the doctors thought that the mechanism of renal colic was elevated prostaglandin, 32.2% thought it was ureteral spasm, 5.0% thought it was calculi irritation, and 1.7% thought the mechanism was unclear. The doctor of the cognition of the generation mechanism of renal colic pain had a significant influence on the preferred treatment option (χ2=54.399, P < 0.001) that the "elevated prostaglandins" doctor more often preferred NSAIDs than the doctor who thought cramps and ureter stones caused renal colic (51.6% vs. 28.0%, χ2=34.356, P < 0.001;51.6% vs. 19.4%, χ2=13.759, P < 0.001). In addition, hospital class, physician title, and the number of weekly consultations by physicians influenced the choice of medications for renal colic (P < 0.05), tertiary hospitals, middle and senior professional titles and weekly patients with renal colic > 8 cases generally preferred NSAIDs. CONCLUSION: There are deficiencies in the cognition and drug treatment of renal colic among urological surgeons in China. The choice of the preferred drug was related to the doctor's cognition of the disease, the grade of the hospital, the doctor's professional title and the weekly treatment volume.

Regulating substrate preference of phosphatase by reshaping the "cap domain" for multi-enzymatic biosynthesis of high-purity monosaccharides.

Phosphatases are a class of enzymes catalyzing the cleavage of monophosphate ester bonds from the phosphorylated substrates. They have important applications in construction of in vitro multi-enzymatic system for monosaccharides. However, the enzymes generally show substrate ambiguity, which has become a bottleneck for efficient biosynthesis of target products with high purity. In this study, semirational design was performed on phosphatase from Thermosipho atlanticus (Ta-PST). The hotspot amino acid residues forming a "cap domain" were identified and selected for saturation mutagenesis. The mutant F179T and F179M showed improved substrate preference toward fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate, respectively. Coupling with other enzymes involved in the multi-enzymatic system under optimized conditions, the application of F179T led to fructose yield of 80% from 10 g/L maltodextrin and the ratio between the target product and by-product glucose was increased from 2:1 to 19:1. On the other hand, the application of F179M led to mannose yield of 59% with ratio of mannose to the by-products glucose and fructose increased from 1:1:1 to 14:2:1. Moreover, the molecular understanding of the beneficial substitution was gained by structural analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, giving important guidance to regulate the enzyme's substrate preference.

[Research Progress of the Roles of Ubiquitination/Deubiquitination in Androgen Receptor Abnormalities and Prostate Cancer].

Ubiquitin is a small molecule protein consisting of 76 amino acids,widely found in eukaryotic cells. The process by which ubiquitin binding to a specific protein is called ubiquitination. Deubiquitination is the reversed process of ubiquitination. Ubiquitination stimulates downstream signal,including complex assembly,protein conformation and activity changes,proteolysis,autophagy,guilt,chromatin remodeling,and DNA repair. More than 80% of eukaryotic protein degradation is mediated by the ubiquitination system,and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is an extremely complex process involving many biomolecular processes. By regulating protein homeostasis,ubiquitination can also regulate a variety of biological processes including cell cycle,cell proliferation,and apoptosis,which are closely related to tumorigenesis and progression. Many abnormalities of androgen receptor (AR) including AR gene amplification,mutation,shear mutation,and AR activity enhancement are closely related to prostate cancer progression. In particular,prostate cancer progression is regulated by the ubiquitination/deubiquitination processes. This article summarizes the recent research advances in the roles of ubiquitination/deubiquitination in AR abnormalities and prostate cancer.

[Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Encrusted Bladder Cancer].

Bladder cancer is a urological malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Masses protruding into the bladder cavity is an important feature for clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer. However,patients with encrusted bladder cancer(EBC)do not present with masses protruding into the bladder cavity and thus this malignancy is often misdiagnosed. Four patients were admitted in Peking University People's Hospital from July 2015 to February 2017. All of them were males aged 40 to 77 years(mean:58 years). Patients were mainly manifested as frequent urination,urgency,nocturia,and decreased bladder capacity,with or without difficulty of voiding.Although the bladder walls were markedly thickened,there was no obvious mass on imaging scans. Three patients received urodynamic test,which showed the maximum capacity of the bladder was 41 to 128 ml(mean:91 ml). One patient presented with gross hematuria,two patients presented with microscopic hematuria,and the remaining one patient had no hematuria. No mass was observed by cystoscopy. All of the patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer by repeated biopsy or intraoperative frozen section analysis.

[Application of Two-Dimensional Near-Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy in the Specificity Analysis of Noninvasive Blood Glucose Sensing].

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy analysis was applied to investigate the influence of the main component in blood and the systematic drift during the measurement on the specificity of glucose in the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. First, the NIR transmittance of glucose aqueous solutions was measured and the 2D correlation NIR spectra were calculated under the perturbation of glucose concentration. Based on the comparative analysis for synchronous and asynchronous 2D correlation spectra, the characteristic absorption peaks of glucose in the combination band and the overtone band were determined. Then a small amount of albumin was added into glucose aqueous solutions, and the transmittance was recorded to perform 2D correlation spectroscopy analysis under the perturbation of glucose concentration. However, the absorption of glucose in the first overtone band (1590nm) and second overtone band (1195nm) was no longer homologous in the 2D correlation spectra, which means that the albumin may reduce the specificity of glucose. Further, the oral glucose tolerance test of healthy volunteer was conducted and the NIR diffuse reflectance of left palm was collected in vivo. The 2D correlation analysis results showed that, the homology of glucose in the diffuse reflectance was also destroyed. Moreover, as the spectral variation from the glucose concentration change is too low to be covered by that induced by systematic drift easily, some background correction methods were usually required. For the transmittance experiment of glucose aqueous solutions and the diffuse reflectance experiment of human body, the pure water sample and 5% diffuse reflectance standard were used as the reference, respectively. Then 2D correlation spectroscopy was developed under the perturbation of measurement time. Results showed that, smaller band shift was observed in the slice spectra of 2D correlation synchronous spectra after the corresponding background correction, and the specificity of glucose was improved both in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. So for the non-invasive glucose sensing by NIR spectroscopy, the wavelengths should be chosen carefully to avoid the absorption band of some interfering components which may destroy the homology of glucose and make spectral interpretation more complicated. And the selection of reference samples for relative measurement is also important to improve the specificity of glucose.

Research Advances in Chemokine-like Factor Super Family Member 8.

Chemokine-like factor super family member (CMTM) is a novel generic family firstly reported by Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics. CMTM8 is one member of this family and has exhibited tumor-inhibiting activities. It can encode proteins approaching to the transmembrane 4 superfamily. CMTM8 is down-regulated in most carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Over-expression of CMTM8 may inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of carcinoma cells. However,the exact mechanism of its anti-tumor activity remains unclear. CMTM8 may be involved in various signaling pathways governing the occurrence and development of tumors. CMTM8 may be a new target in the gene therapies for tumors,while further studies on CMTM8 and its anti-tumor mechanisms are warranted.

[Study on the Determination System of Tissue Optical Properties Based on Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum].

The determination of tissue optical properties is the fundamental research field in biomedical optics. The ability to separately quantify absorption and scattering coefficients of tissue based on diffuse reflectance spectrum not only helps to gain physiological and structural properties of tissue but also provide insight into the mechanisms of tissue, which leads to the improvement in non-invasive detecting, image diagnosis and photodynamic therapy. In the paper, a flexible and rapid method is developed to extract the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of turbid medium such as human tissue with diffuse reflectance spectrum. The diffuse reflectance spectrum is measured by the system which includes a white light source, a spectrometer, and a fiber optic probe for delivery and collection of light. The collection efficiency and system transfer function are researched based on the fiber probe geometry. This paper outlines a method based on empirical forward model and non-linear modeling inverse model to extract the optical properties from diffuse reflectance spectrum. The approach includes four steps: (1) generating diffuse reflectance spectra for training inverse model; (2) training the inverse model; (3) measuring and processing the diffuse reflectance spectra of samples; (4) predicting the optical properties of samples. Since the forward and inverse models could be regarded as non-linearity, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is employed to develop the forward and inverse models. The principal component analysis (PCA) is also employed in the inverse model to decompress the data dimension and suppress the spectral noise. With a single fiber optic probe and spectroscopy system, the diffuse reflectance spectrum is measured and preprocessed. The accuracy and robustness of this method are evaluated by measuring the phantoms with a wide range of optical properties. The results indicate that the absorption and scattering coefficients could be extracted accurately by measuring the diffuse reflectance spectrum of single source-detector distance. The mean RMS percentage error is 4.58% and 7.92%, respectively. As to the application of extracting concentration of different chromosphere, it is better to include the absorption peak of every chromosphere within the measuring wavelength range. This method is valid for a wide range of optical properties with the advantage of rapid measurement and simple system setup, which is important for the clinical application.

[The Research on Measurement System and Method of Tissue Optical Parameters with Wide Spectra Based on Double-Integrating-Spheres].

The measurement of tissue optical parameters is the focusing research content of Biomedical Photonics. The optical properties of human tissue are closely related to the physiological and pathological state. In recent years, the tissue imaging diagnosis and non-invasive detection of componentsbecome the hot research topics, applying the tissue optical properties especially the absorption and scattering properties. These provide the basis for the study of optical imaging and the spectrum detection of body composition etc. The Double-Integrating-Spheres (DIS) method can measure the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient and so on in vitro tissuesimultaneously. It has the advantages of accurate, rapid, large applicable scope. The method applya standard method for measuring the optical parameters. This paper build the wide spectrum measurement system of optical parameters based on DIS and super continuum lasers. Then we analyze the transfer function, error sources and the best measuring conditions of the system. Finally we establish the correction forward model based on BP-MCML and the inverse algorithm of the optical parameters based on L-M algorithm. The optical parameters of intralipid solution in the wavelength range of 1,100~1,400 nm are measured. The experiment results show that the improved inverse algorithm is accurate. The multiple measurements standard deviation is within 3%. Compared the results of scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient at different wavelengths to the results of other research groups, the deviation is less than 3.4%.

[Study on the Effect of Sodium Chloride Salt on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Glucose Aqueous Solution].

The sodium chloride (NaCl) salt has been reported to be associated with glucose metabolism. However, the effect of it on non-invasive detection of blood glucose using near-infrared spectroscopy is still an open question. The aim of this study was to investigate this affection through transform background correction analysis two-dimensional (2D) correlation synchronous spectrum and the partial least-squares (PLS) regression. First, the transmittances of glucose aqueous solutions with different NaCl content are collected and the pure water and NaCl aqueous solution are measured as the background. Results show that, the dissolving of NaCl in water changes the amplitude and position of the absorption peak of water. There are two negative peaks in 1 400 and 1 500~1 700 nm corrected spectra of NaCl aqueous obviously and the amplitude of peaks associated with NaCl concentration. That's because NaCl affect the molecular binding and vibration of water. Then the glucose aqueous solutions without NaCl and with NaCl are corrected by the spectra of pure water and NaCl aqueous solution, respectively. So we get the conclusion that NaCl also affect the combination of glucose and water molecules. And the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis is performed under the perturbation of glucose concentration. The slice spectra of synchronous correlation spectra show that, the adding of NaCl weakens the spectral variation due to glucose concentration change in the wavelength of 1 400 and 1 520~1 700 nm. Finally, the partial least square (PLS) regression models were built to quantitatively conduct the influence of NaCl on glucose prediction accuracy. Comparison results showed that, NaCl molecule in aqueous solution will deteriorate the model accuracy, where root mean square error of prediction increases with the NaCl content; the mean difference of predicted glucose concentration between models based on glucose aqueous solutions with NaCl and without NaCl, is linear with NaCl concentration in samples.

[The validation of the effect of correcting spectral background changes based on floating reference method by simulation].

There are some challenges in near-infrared non-invasive blood glucose measurement, such as the low signal to noise ratio of instrument, the unstable measurement conditions, the unpredictable and irregular changes of the measured object, and etc. Therefore, it is difficult to extract the information of blood glucose concentrations from the complicated signals accurately. Reference measurement method is usually considered to be used to eliminate the effect of background changes. But there is no reference substance which changes synchronously with the anylate. After many years of research, our research group has proposed the floating reference method, which is succeeded in eliminating the spectral effects induced by the instrument drifts and the measured object's background variations. But our studies indicate that the reference-point will changes following the changing of measurement location and wavelength. Therefore, the effects of floating reference method should be verified comprehensively. In this paper, keeping things simple, the Monte Carlo simulation employing Intralipid solution with the concentrations of 5% and 10% is performed to verify the effect of floating reference method used into eliminating the consequences of the light source drift. And the light source drift is introduced through varying the incident photon number. The effectiveness of the floating reference method with corresponding reference-points at different wavelengths in eliminating the variations of the light source drift is estimated. The comparison of the prediction abilities of the calibration models with and without using this method shows that the RMSEPs of the method are decreased by about 98.57% (5%Intralipid)and 99.36% (10% Intralipid)for different Intralipid. The results indicate that the floating reference method has obvious effect in eliminating the background changes.

[Influence of tension-free midurethral sling surgery on sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of the female patients' sexual function after tension free vaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator suburethral tape (TVT-O) surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: Female sexual function index (FSFI) was sent to 66 female patients who underwent a TVT/TVT-O surgery at least 3 months after the operation, to a maximum of 5 years. All The patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods, different follow-up intervals (more than or less than 1 year) and whether there was concomitant coital incontinence (CCI) before the operation. The changes of FSFI scores before and after the operation were compared between the two groups by multiple covariances analysis. The total score was higher, and the sexual function was better. RESULTS: In the study, 60 patients answered the questionnaire, and 51 questionnaires were available. Before surgery, there were no significant difference between TVT and TVT-O groups in FSFI, age, body mass index (BMI). As to patients who had TVT/TVT-O surgery, when the influence of the postoperative period and symptoms accompanying intercourse were corrected, the two groups had no significant difference in difference of FSFI (dFSFI) scores after operation (F = 2.52, P = 0.119), and they had similar sexual function improvement ratio (40.0% vs. 44.4%, P > 0.05). But to the patients who had concomitant coital incontinence before the operations, the dFSFI scores was higher than patients who did not have concomitant coital incontinence (1.86 ± 1.95 vs. -0.09 ± 2.24, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TVT and TVT-O surgery have no significant difference in influence on sexual function in women between each other, but the patients who suffer from CCI before the surgery will have a better sexual function improvement.

[Expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor in urine of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated overactive bladder symptoms].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of urinary brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and its correlation with the severity of OAB symptoms. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 178 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were to undergo transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) were enrolled in this study. All the patients had accepted basic preoperative evaluations, as well as an assessment of their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). The patients who had been scheduled for surgery had to take the urodynamic assessment. Urinary BDNF levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the results were further normalized to the concentration of urinary creatinine (BDNF/Cr, mg/mol). RESULTS: The urinary BDNF/Cr levels of the patients with moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms were (1.189 ± 0.753) mg/mol and (1.817 ± 1.110) mg/mol (P < 0.001). The urinary BDNF/Cr levels of the patients with grades III-VI obstruction were (1.382 ± 0.945) mg/mol, (1.435 ± 0.938) mg/mol, (1.640 ± 1.104) mg/mol, and (1.653 ± 1.019) mg/mol, respectively (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between the urinary BDNF/Cr levels and the severity of obstruction (r = 0.103, P = 0.173). The urinary BDNF/Cr levels in the patients with and without OAB symptoms were (1.913 ± 0.843) mg/mol and (0.297 ± 0.183) mg/mol (P < 0.001). The urinary BDNF/Cr levels in the patients with mild, moderate and severe OAB symptoms were (1.501 ± 0.543) mg/mol, (1.806 ± 0.703) mg/mol and (2.560 ± 0.979) mg/mol, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between the urinary BDNF/Cr levels and the severity of OAB symptoms (r = 0.743, P < 0.001). The urinary BDNF/Cr levels in the patients with urodynamic detrusor overativity were significantly higher than those without detrusor overativity [(1.917 ± 0.866) mg/mol and (1.194 ± 1.013) mg/mol, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between urinary BDNF and severity of obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The urinary BDNF levels in patients with OAB symptoms are elevated compared with patients without OAB symptoms, and are correlated with the severity of OAB symptoms.

[Research on glucose measuring technique by surface plasmon resonance based on thiol coupling].

In the glucose measuring technique by surface plasmon resonance, D-galactose/D-glucose binding protein (GGBP) that can specifically adsorb glucose was introduced, and high-precision specific detection of glucose concentration was realized. In the present paper, the GGBP protein was bound on the surface of SPR sensor through thiol coupling method. GGBP binding experiment was carried out on SPR sensor and then glucose concentration experiment was conducted with this sensor. The results indicated that the SPR sensor had good linearity, stability and repeatability in the range of 0.1-10 mg x dL(-1). SPR sensor bound with GGBP would have great potential and vast development prospects.

[Study on detection methods of interstitial fluid glucose concentration based on infrared attenuated total reflection].

Measuring the glucose concentrations in the interstitial fluid is currently the main method to achieve the continuous blood glucose monitoring. The MIR-ATR(Mid-infrared, Attenuated Total Reflection)Spectroscopy has prominent advantage on the analysis of small biological molecule for composition information like the glucose, but it is still an unresolved problem that how to detect the subcutaneous glucose concentration by using the MIR-ATR Spectroscopy. In the present paper, we carry out the experiment based on MIR-ATR for the detection of subcutaneous glucose information on both the natural state and the penetration state based on the theoryanalysis of MIR penetration depth. Firstly, collect spectral data of the subcutaneous glucose concentration of human finger on the natural state were collected as the light shined the skin directly, and it was discussed whether the MIR can penetrate the skin to get the information of subcutaneous glucose. On this basis, collect spectral data of the subcutaneous glucose concentration of human finger at the penetration state were collected when the Interstitial fluid is permeated to the surface layer by using low-frequency ultrasound and vacuum, then it analyzed that whether it can detect the glucose-specific information or not. As the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy has high resolution and good versatility, it is widely used to analyze the inter-molecular reaction and judge the absorption peaks information in many fields including the MIR spectroscopy field, so we choose the Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to analyze the information of subcutaneous glucose concentration at the natural state and the penetration state. The experiment result shows that the MIR-ATR spectroscopy can't be applied in the detection of subcutaneous glucose concentrationdirectly, and it is a promising direction to make the Interstitial fluid permeated to the surface layer by the physical methods or chemical methods.

Promotion of apoptosis in melanoma cells by taxifolin through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: Screening of natural products using WGCNA and CMAP platforms.

Melanoma is a skin cancer originating from melanocytes. The global incidence rate of melanoma is rapidly increasing, posing significant public health challenges. Identifying effective therapeutic agents is crucial in addressing this growing problem. Natural products have demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity. In this study, a plant flavonoid, taxifolin, was screened using Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) in combination with the Connectivity Map (CMAP) platform. Taxifolin was confirmed to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of melanoma A375 and MV-3 cells by promoting apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process of melanoma cells. Cyber pharmacological analysis revealed that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect on melanoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, specifically by downregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Notably, the addition of SC-79, an activator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reversed the effects of taxifolin on cell migration and apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that taxifolin treatment slowed tumor growth in mice without significant toxic effects. Based on these findings, taxifolin holds promise as a potential drug for melanoma treatment.

Metal-organic polymer enables efficient organic photoelectrochemical transistor biosensing.

The field of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) is newly emerged, with increasing efforts attempting to utilize its properties in biological sensing. Advanced materials with new physicochemical properties have proven important to this end. Herein, we report a metal-organic polymers-gated OPECT biosensing exemplified by CuⅠ-arylacetylide polymers (CuAs)-modulated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel. Both the photoelectrochemical properties and gating capability of CuAs are explored and optimized for high-efficacy photogating. Morever, based on its inherent structure, the specific reaction between CuAs and sulfur ions (S2-) is revealed and S2--mediated microRNA-21 detection is realized by linking with nucleic acid amplification and alkaline phosphatase catalytic chemistry. This work introduces metal-organic polymers as gating materials for OPECT biosensing.