Interaction of immune cells with renal cancer development: Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent and extensively immune-infiltrated malignancy of the urinary system. Immune cells play a crucial role in both the progression and therapeutic interventions targeting RCC. Nevertheless, the interplay between RCC and immune cells remains understudied, lacking substantial evidence supporting their causal relationship. METHODS: For the purpose of investigating the causal connection between RCC and immune cell characteristics, a two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out in this study. The aim was to determine whether specific immune cell traits have a causal impact on the risk of RCC. In order to achieve this, publicly accessible genetic data was utilized to examine and establish the potential relationship between 731 immune cell characteristics and the likelihood of developing RCC. Additionally, various techniques were applied to verify the reliability, variability, and presence of horizontal pleiotropy in the outcomes. RESULTS: We found a bidirectional causal relationship between RCC and immune cells according to the MR analysis results. It should be noted that CD4-CD8-T cells (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.02-2.55, P = 4.07 × 10-2) pose a risk for RCC, whereas BAFF-R (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.53-0.89, P = 5.74 × 10-3) and CD19 (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 1.02-2.55, P = 4.07 × 10-2) on B cells act as protective factors. Furthermore, the presence of RCC reduces the levels of B cells (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.09, P = 1.19 × 10-2) and CD8 + T cells (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00-1.08, P = 2.83 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS: Our research illustrates the intricate correlation between immune cells and RCC, presenting novel insights for the prospective safeguarding against RCC risk and the exploration of fresh therapeutic targets.

Bisphenol A promote the cell proliferation and invasion ability of prostate cancer cells via regulating the androgen receptor.

A synthetic organic substance called bisphenol A (BPA) is used to make polyester, epoxy resin, polyacrylate, and polycarbonate plastic. BPA exposure on a regular basis has increased the risk of developing cancer. Recent research has shown that there is a strong link between BPA exposure and a number of malignancies. We want to investigate any connections between BPA and prostate cancer in this work. The scores of bisphenols in the prostate cancer cohort were obtained using the ssGSEA algorithm. The analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment was used to investigate probable pathways that are closely related to the genes tied to BPA. The BPA-based risk model was built using regression analysis. Additionally, the molecular docking method was employed to assess BPA's capacity to attach to important genes. Finally, we were able to successfully get the BPA cohort ratings for prostate cancer patients. Additionally, the KEGG enrichment study showed that of the malignancies linked to BPA, prostate cancer is the most highly enriched. In a group of men with prostate cancer, the BPA-related prognostic prediction model exhibits good predictive value. The BPA demonstrated strong and efficient binding to the androgen receptor, according to the molecular docking studies. According to cell proliferation and invasion experiments, exposing prostate cancer cells to BPA at a dosage of 10-7 uM could greatly enhance their ability to proliferate and invade.

Prognostic Role of DNA Damage Response Genes Mutations and their Association With the Sensitivity of Olaparib in Prostate Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence shows that gene mutation is a significant proportion of genetic factors associated with prostate cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a signal cascade network that aims to maintain genomic integrity in cells. This comprehensive study was performed to determine the link between different DNA damage response gene mutations and prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Papers published up to February 1, 2022 were retrieved. The DDR gene mutations associated with prostate cancer were identified by referring to relevant research and review articles. Data of prostate cancer patients from multiple PCa cohorts were obtained from cBioPortal. The OR or HR and 95% CIs were calculated using both fixed-effects models (FEMs) and random-effects models (REMs). RESULTS: Seventy-four studies were included in this research, and the frequency of 13 DDR genes was examined. Through the analysis of 33 articles that focused on the risk estimates of DDR genes between normal people and PCa patients, DDR genes were found to be more common in prostate cancer patients (OR = 3.6293 95% CI [2.4992; 5.2705]). Also, patients in the mutated group had a worse OS and DFS outcome than those in the unmutated group (P < .05). Of the 13 DDR genes, the frequency of 9 DDR genes in prostate cancer was less than 1%, and despite differences in race, BRCA2 was the potential gene with the highest frequency (REM Frequency = .0400, 95% CI .0324 - .0541). The findings suggest that mutations in genes such as ATR, BLM, and MLH1 in PCa patients may increase the sensitivity of Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that mutation in any DDR pathway results in a poor prognosis for PCa patients. Furthermore, mutations in ATR, BLM, and MLH1 or the expression of POLR2L, PMS1, FANCE, and other genes significantly influence Olaparib sensitivity, which may be underlying therapeutic targets in the future.

Comprehensive analysis of the impact of emerging flame retardants on prostate cancer progression: The potential molecular mechanisms and immune infiltration landscape.

Emerging flame retardants have been used to replace traditional flame retardants, but their potential impact on cancer, especially prostate cancer, is not well understood. Our study aimed to explore the link between flame retardants and prostate cancer, and identify potential carcinogenic mechanisms among populations exposed to emerging flame retardants. We screened flame retardant interacting genes differentially expressed in prostate cancer patients and identified hub genes by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis based on the STRING database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct risk models and identify flame retardant-related prognostic genes. We calculated the proportion of immune cell infiltration to explore the potential mechanism of the prognostic gene, and verified the target cell population of the prognostic gene in the single-cell transcriptome dataset. Our study revealed a significant link between emerging flame retardants and prostate cancer. We constructed a risk model with good predictive ability for prostate cancer prognosis using TCGA dataset, and identified six flame retardant-related prognostic genes validated in the GSE70769 dataset. We found that the expression of M2 macrophages was up-regulated in patients with high expression of prognostic genes, and the single-cell dataset confirmed the expression of prognostic genes in macrophages. Our study confirms the link between emerging flame retardants and prostate cancer, and highlights the role of immune-related pathways in the high-risk population exposed to these flame retardants.

GestureSurface: VR Sketching through Assembling Scaffold Surface with Non-Dominant Hand.

3D sketching in virtual reality (VR) provides an immersive drawing experience for designs. However, due to the lack of depth perception cues in VR, scaffolding surfaces that constrain strokes to 2D are usually used as visual guides to reduce the difficulty of drawing accurate strokes. When the dominant hand is occupied by the pen tool, the efficiency of scaffolding-based sketching can be improved by using gesture input to reduce the idleness of the non-dominant hand. This paper presents GestureSurface, a bi-manual interface that uses non-dominant hand performing gestures to operate scaffolding and the other hand drawing with controller. We designed a set of non-dominant gestures to create and manipulate scaffolding surfaces, which are assembled by automatic combination based on five predefined primitive surfaces. We evaluated GestureSurface through a 20-person user study and found that the method of scaffolding-based sketching using non-dominant hand has the advantages of high efficiency and low fatigue.

Exploring the potential mechanisms of impairment on genitourinary system associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: Bioinformatics and molecular simulation analyses.

Objective: The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been spreading worldwide since December 2019, posing a serious danger to human health and socioeconomic development. A large number of clinical trials have revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in multi-organ damage including the urogenital system. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of genitourinary damage associated with COVID-19 infection through bioinformatics and molecular simulation analysis. Methods: We used multiple publicly available databases to explore the expression patterns of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CD147 (Basigin [BSG]) in major organs in the healthy and disease-specific populations, particularly the genitourinary organs. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze the cell-specific expression patterns of ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147, cytokine receptors, and cytokine interacting proteins in genitourinary organs, such as the bladder, kidney, prostate, and testis. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis was used to investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and COVID-19 vulnerability in patients with prostate cancer. Results: The results revealed that ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CD147 were highly expressed in normal urogenital organs. Then, they were also highly expressed in multiple tumors and chronic kidney diseases. Additionally, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CD147 were significantly expressed in a range of cells in urogenital organs according to single-cell RNA sequencing. Cytokine receptors and cytokine interacting proteins, especially CCL2, JUN, and TIMP1, were commonly highly expressed in urogenital organs. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis results showed that high testosterone levels in prostate cancer patients were significantly related to the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway which were associated with COVID-19. Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 damage to urogenital organs from multiple perspectives, which may draw the attention of urologists to COVID-19 and contribute to the development of targeted drugs.

An integrative multi-omics analysis based on disulfidptosis-related prognostic signature and distinct subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The association between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and disulfidoptosis remains to be thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted multiple bioinformatics analyses, including prognostic analysis and cluster analysis, using R software. Additionally, we utilized Quantitative Real-time PCR to measure RNA levels of specific genes. The proliferation of ccRCC was assessed through CCK8 and colony formation assays, while the invasion and migration of ccRCC cells were evaluated using the transwell assay. Results: In this study, utilizing data from multiple ccRCC cohorts, we identified molecules that contribute to disulfidoptosis. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the prognostic and immunological roles of these molecules. Among the disulfidoptosis-related metabolism genes (DMGs), LRPPRC, OXSM, GYS1, and SLC7A11 exhibited significant correlations with ccRCC patient prognosis. Based on our signature, patients in different groups displayed varying levels of immune infiltration and different mutation profiles. Furthermore, we classified patients into two clusters and identified multiple functional pathways that play important roles in the occurrence and development of ccRCC. Given its critical role in disulfidoptosis, we conducted further analysis on SLC7A11. Our results demonstrated that ccRCC cells with high expression of SLC7A11 exhibited a malignant phenotype. Conclusions: These findings enhanced our understanding of the underlying function of DMGs in ccRCC.