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1.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil ; 129(1): 41-55, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38147888

RESUMO

This study evaluated the appropriateness of scoring the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) using age-equivalent scores generated from multiple measures of cognition and language among school-age children with Down syndrome (DS). Subscale T scores for 95 children with DS were contrasted using standard scoring on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Second edition (BRIEF-2; based on chronological age) to alternate scoring using the BRIEF-P (based on age-equivalent) for patterns of subscale intercorrelations, differences in mean scores, and agreement on findings from clinical cut-off scores. Results with children with DS suggested using (1) the BRIEF-P for children ages 2-5 years old, (2) the BRIEF-2 with chronological-age scoring or the BRIEF-P with age-equivalent scoring (with some caveats) for research on children ages 5-10 years old, and (3) the BRIEF-2 for children ages 11 and older.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Função Executiva , Cognição , Instituições Acadêmicas
2.
J Atten Disord ; 26(12): 1535-1548, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35382621

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics associated with bullying involvement in pediatric ADHD. METHODS: Data from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health for children aged 6 to 17 years with ADHD were evaluated to assess the association between parent-reported bullying victimization or perpetration and the following potential predictors: demographic characteristics, family factors, school factors, and child conditions/behaviors. RESULTS: Among children with ADHD, 46.9% were bullying victims and 16.2% were perpetrators. Factors associated with victimization included having family financial strain, developmental delay or intellectual disability, friendship difficulties, and school reports about problems. Factors linked to perpetration included being male, receiving government assistance, lack of school engagement, school reports about problems, and having difficulties with friendships, staying calm, and arguing. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD frequently were bullying victims and sometimes bullying perpetrators. Factors related to family financial strain, developmental disabilities, emotional regulation, peer relationships, and school functioning may help to identify risk for bullying and opportunities for anti-bullying interventions.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Bullying/psicologia , Criança , Saúde da Criança , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Associado
3.
CNS Drugs ; 34(4): 389-414, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32133580

RESUMO

Multiple stimulant and non-stimulant medications are approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Choosing among the available agents and determining the most effective ADHD medication for a given child can be a time-consuming process due to the high inter-individual variability in treatment efficacy. As a result, there is growing interest in identifying predictors of ADHD medication response in children through the burgeoning field of pharmacogenomics. This article reviews childhood ADHD pharmacogenomics efficacy studies published during the last decade (2009-2019), which have largely focused on pharmacodynamic candidate gene investigations of methylphenidate and atomoxetine response, with a smaller number investigating pharmacokinetic candidate genes and genome-wide approaches. Findings from studies which have advanced the field of ADHD pharmacogenomics through investigation of meta-analytic approaches and gene-gene interactions are also overviewed. Despite recent progress, no one genetic variant or currently available pharmacogenomics test has demonstrated clinical utility in pinpointing the optimal ADHD medication for a given individual patient, highlighting the need for further investigation.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Farmacogenética/métodos
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