Doping SnO2 with metal ions of varying valence states: discerning the importance of active surface oxygen species vs. acid sites for C3H8 and CO oxidation.

To elucidate the valence state effect of doping cations, Li+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Zr4+ and Nb5+ with radii similar to Sn4+ (CN = 6) were chosen to dope tetragonal SnO2. Cr3+, Zr4+ and Nb5+ can enter the SnO2 lattice to produce solid solutions, thus creating more surface defects. However, Li+ and Mg2+ can only stay on the SnO2 surface as nitrates, thus suppressing the surface defects. The rich surface defects facilitate the generation of active O2-/Oδ- and acid sites on the solid solution catalysts, hence improving the reactivity. On the solid solution catalysts active for propane combustion, several reactive intermediates can be formed, but are negligible on those with low activity. It is confirmed that for propane combustion, surface acid sites play a more vital role than active oxygen sites. Nevertheless, for CO oxidation, the active oxygen sites play a more vital role than the acid sites.

Elemental sulfur as a sulfuration agent in the copper-catalyzed C-H bond thiolation of electron-deficient arenes.

By utilizing elemental sulfur as the thiolation agent and oxidant, a copper-catalyzed direct C-H bond thiolation of electron-deficient arenes was demonstrated. Various electron-deficient arenes were proved to be suitable for this transformation. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction underwent a radical pathway, in which the trisulfur radical anion (S3˙-) might play a vital role. Meanwhile, KIE experiments suggested that C-H bond cleavage was not involved in the rate-determining step.

Factors Associated with Mortality Among Severe Omicron Patients for COVID-19.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the potential risk factors of mortality in patients with severe pneumonia during the omicron pandemic in South China in 2022. Methods: Clinical data was collected from patients hospitalized with omicron COVID-19. Then, patients were categorized into the non-survival and survival groups. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to analyze the factors associated with negative outcome in individuals suffering from severe omicron COVID-19. Results: In this study, 155 severe COVID-19 patients were included, comprising 55 non-survivors and 100 survivors. Non-survivors, in comparison to survivors, exhibited elevated levels of various biomarkers including neutrophil count, hypersensitive troponin T, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, plasma D-dimer, and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) (P < 0.05). They also displayed reduced lymphocyte count, platelet count, and albumin levels (P < 0.05) and were more prone to developing comorbidities, including shock, acute cardiac and renal injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, coagulation disorders, and secondary infections. Platelet count (PLT) <100 × 10^/L, interleukin-6 (IL-6) >100 pg/mL, and dNLR >5.0 independently contributed to the risk of death in patients suffering from severe COVID-19. Conclusion: PLT, IL-6, and dNRL independently contributed to the risk of mortality in patients with severe pneumonia during the 2022 omicron pandemic in South China.

Evaluation of the impacts of land use on water quality: a case study in the Chaohu Lake Basin.

It has been widely accepted that there is a close relationship between the land use type and water quality. There have been some researches on this relationship from the perspective of the spatial configuration of land use in recent years. This study aims to analyze the influence of various land use types on the water quality within the Chaohu Lake Basin based on the water quality monitoring data and RS data from 2000 to 2008, with the small watershed as the basic unit of analysis. The results indicated that there was significant negative correlation between forest land and grassland and the water pollution, and the built-up area had negative impacts on the water quality, while the influence of the cultivated land on the water quality was very complex. Besides, the impacts of the landscape diversity on the indicators of water quality within the watershed were also analyzed, the result of which indicated there was a significant negative relationship between them. The results can provide important scientific reference for the local land use optimization and water pollution control and guidance for the formulation of policies to coordinate the exploitation and protection of the water resource.

A case report on mixed pulmonary infection of Nocardia nova, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Aspergillus fumigatus based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Background: Pulmonary infection is one of the common complications of long-term use of glucocorticoids. Severe infections not only increase the length of hospital stay and treatment costs but also cause progression or recurrence of the primary disease. Case description: Herein, we reported a case of mixed pulmonary infection secondary to glucocorticoid use. Rare pathogens such as Nocardia nova, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, and cytomegalovirus were detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung puncture tissue. Combining the results of conventional pathogen detection and clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with mixed pulmonary infection by multiple pathogens. After timely targeted medication, the patient was finally discharged with a good prognosis. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case report on mixed pulmonary infection with pathogens including Nocardia nova, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, and human cytomegalovirus. As a new clinical diagnostic method, mNGS has great advantages in diagnosis of diseases such as mixed infections.

SARS-CoV-2: minireview and review of first case in Foshan, China.

The first case of #COVID19 in Foshan provides a reference for the treatment of severe #SARSCoV2 pneumonia https://bit.ly/3eD81qj.

para-Selective C-H bond functionalization of iodobenzenes.

Selective C-H bond activation and functionalization is an invaluable and eco-friendly tool for new chemical bond construction. Recently, great progress has been made in the highly selective ortho- and meta-C-H bond functionalization of arene derivatives. In contrast, the remote para-C-H bond functionalization still remains a challenge. Herein, an oxidation-induced strategy for para-selective C-H bond functionalization of iodobenzenes towards the synthesis of various useful asymmetric diaryl ethers was demonstrated. This strategy not only provides a novel method for para-C-H bond functionalization, but also proposes a general idea for the development of new, highly selective para-C-H functionalization reactions.

Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling for C-S Bond Formation.

A new method was demonstrated to overcome the selectivity issue of radical-radical cross-coupling toward the synthesis of asymmetric diaryl thioethers. The preliminary mechanism was revealed by radical-trapping experiments, DFT calculations, and kinetics, etc., indicating that the C-S bond formed through cross-coupling of a thiyl radical and an aryl radical cation. Moreover, the formation of an aryl radical cation instead of the C-H bond cleavage was determined as the rate-limiting step.