[Exosome and prevention of Alzheimer's disease: based on theory of kidney storing essence].

The theory of kidney storing essence storage, an important part of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), comes from the Chapter 9 Discussion on Six-Plus-Six System and the Manifestations of the Viscera in the Plain Questions, which says that "the kidney manages closure and is the root of storage and the house of Jing(Essence)". According to this theory, essence is the fundamental substance of human life activities and it is closely related to the growth and development of the human body. Alzheimer's disease(AD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases, with the main pathological features of Aß deposition and Tau phosphorylation, which activate neurotoxic reactions and eventually lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death, severely impairing the patient's cognitive and memory functions. Although research results have been achieved in the TCM treatment of AD, the complex pathogenesis of AD makes it difficult to develop the drugs capable of curing AD. The stem cell therapy is an important method to promote self-repair and regeneration, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) as adult stem cells have the ability of multi-directional differentiation. By reviewing the relevant literature, this paper discusses the association between BMSCs and the TCM theory of kidney storing essence, and expounds the material basis of this theory from the perspective of molecular biology. Studies have shown that TCM with the effect of tonifying the kidney in the treatment of AD are associated with BMSCs. Exosomes produced by such cells are one of the main substances affecting AD. Exosomes containing nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can participate in intercellular communication, regulate cell function, and affect AD by reducing Aß deposition, inhibiting Tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and promoting neuronal regeneration. Therefore, discussing the prevention and treatment of exosomes and AD based on the theory of kidney storing essence will provide a new research idea for the TCM treatment of AD.

Human replication protein A induces dynamic changes in single-stranded DNA and RNA structures.

Replication protein A (RPA) is the major eukaryotic ssDNA-binding protein and has essential roles in genome maintenance. RPA binds to ssDNA through multiple modes, and recent studies have suggested that the RPA-ssDNA interaction is dynamic. However, how RPA alternates between different binding modes and modifies ssDNA structures in this dynamic interaction remains unknown. Here, we used single-molecule FRET to systematically investigate the interaction between human RPA and ssDNA. We show that RPA can adopt different types of binding complexes with ssDNAs of different lengths, leading to the straightening or bending of the ssDNAs, depending on both the length and structure of the ssDNA substrate and the RPA concentration. Importantly, we noted that some of the complexes are highly dynamic, whereas others appear relatively static. On the basis of the above observations, we propose a model explaining how RPA dynamically engages with ssDNA. Of note, fluorescence anisotropy indicated that RPA can also associate with RNA but with a lower binding affinity than with ssDNA. At the single-molecule level, we observed that RPA is undergoing rapid and repetitive associations with and dissociation from the RNA. This study may provide new insights into the rich dynamics of RPA binding to ssDNA and RNA.

[Dynamic chromatopharmacokinetics model for components in Chinese medicine and validation in Buyang Huanwu Decoction].

The Chinese medicine is mostly derived from plants or animals, highly polymorphic, with dynamic components which are reflected by the characteristic peaks and fingerprint peaks in chromatographic fingerprints. The chromatopharmacokinetics method for determined components is not applicable due to dynamic changes of chromatopharmacokinetics. Based on the preliminary study, dynamic pharmacokinetics mathematical model for multiple components in Chinese medicine was set up and verified by Buyang Huanwu Decoction as the model drug, applying the principle of the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM), superimposing or subtracting the relevant statistical parameters in blood samples and blank samples. This provided a new method for the chromatopharmacokinetic study of Chinese medicine. HPLC was used to determine the TQSM parameters in blood and blank sample fingerprints of Buyang Huanwu Decoction at each point, and the overall TQSM parameters of drug-containing blood sample and blank samples were obtained with addition calculation of TQSM; while the initial TQSM of the pure drug can be obtained with subtraction calculation. The metabolic and absorption equilibrium constants were calculated iteratively to a steady state using the estimated metabolic equilibrium constants, then the metabolic chromatopharmacokinetic parameters in rats were obtained: VUC_T 1.262×10~8 mAu·s, MRT_T 37.48 h, VRT_T 9.016×10~2 h~2, CL_T 25.79 mL·h~(-1)·kg~(-1), Vs 1.586×10~2 mL·kg~(-1), t_(T,0.5) 6.15 h, respectively. This suggested that 95% of the compounds in whole recipe were metabolized and secreted from the body after 0-96.33 h. The experiment verified that the established mathematical model and the total quantum moment statistics parameters can represent the dose-time relationship of Buyang Huanwu Decoction, which can be used to study on in vivo metabolism dynamics for Chinese medicine.

[Research status of common processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine "maintaining medicinal properties after carbonisatus" and supramolecular "imprinting template" characterization technology].

Based on the characteristics of biological supramolecules and the law of " imprinting template",the research status and common problems in " maintaining medicinal properties after carbonisatus" in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) were analyzed,and the further countermeasures were put forward. According to the historical evolution of " maintaining medicinal properties after carbonisatus" in TCM processing,the origin of its common problems was clarified by using the theory of biosupramolecular chemistry. TCM is a megacomplex biological supramolecular system,so TCM processing is just the processing of megacomplex biological supramolecular system,and its essence is a TCM pharmaceutical technology with chemical changes in host and guest of biological supramolecular system with or without adjuvant material under high temperature and humidity. In this study on pharmaceutical technology,host molecule was destructed in the process of carbonizing,but guest molecule was retained. The changing law of the host and guest molecule was controlled by the " imprinting template",which was reflected in the degree of change in the drug properties and efficacy of the decoction pieces. Supramolecular chemistry ran through the whole process,and the " imprinting template" of charcoal medicine was characterized by the supramolecular topological structure characteristics and imprinting behavior. After being combined with the quantitative mathematical model of heating degree in processing,it can realize the accurate processing of " maintaining medicinal properties after carbonisatus" from the source,quantitatively control the quality of carbonic herbs,and formulate stable and controllable quality standards.

Construction, expression, and characterization of AG11-843 and AG11-1581.

AG1, a member of the DUF1220 protein family, exhibits the most extreme human lineage-specific copy number expansion of any protein-coding sequence in the genome. These variations in copy number have been linked to both brain evolution among primates and brain size in humans. Unfortunately, our current understanding of the structure and function of these proteins is limited because current cloning and expression techniques fail to consistently produce recombinant protein for in vitro studies. The present work describes a method for amino acid and DNA sequence optimization and synthesis, recombinant protein expression and analysis of two AG1 fragments, AG11-843 and AG11-1581. It was first necessary to modify the nucleotide sequence, while holding the GC content at 52.9%. The genes were then sectionally synthesized by overlap PCR. The resulting segments were cloned into the pET-15 b-sumo expression vector and subsequently transformed into BL21 (DE3) cells. After inducing their expression, the AG11-843 and AG11-1581 proteins were isolated and purified. Furthermore, using dynamic light scattering and gel filtration analysis, AG11-843 and AG11-1581 were shown to be present in tetrameric and dimeric forms in solution. To our knowledge, this is the first study to synthesize and express fragments of the DUF1220 protein family for in vitro analysis. Taken together, the proven utility and versatility of this method indicate that it can be used as an effective technique to construct and express other proteins with complicated sequences, thus providing the means to study their function and structure in vitro.

The Bacteroides sp. 3_1_23 Pif1 protein is a multifunctional helicase.

ScPif1 DNA helicase is the prototypical member of a 5'-to-3' helicase superfamily conserved from bacteria to human and plays various roles in the maintenance of genomic homeostasis. While many studies have been performed with eukaryotic Pif1 helicases, including yeast and human Pif1 proteins, the potential functions and biochemical properties of prokaryotic Pif1 helicases remain largely unknown. Here, we report the expression, purification and biochemical analysis of Pif1 helicase from Bacteroides sp. 3_1_23 (BsPif1). BsPif1 binds to a large panel of DNA substrates and, in particular, efficiently unwinds partial duplex DNAs with 5'-overhang, fork-like substrates, D-loop and flap-like substrates, suggesting that BsPif1 may act at stalled DNA replication forks and enhance Okazaki fragment maturation. Like its eukaryotic homologues, BsPif1 resolves R-loop structures and unwinds DNA-RNA hybrids. Furthermore, BsPif1 efficiently unfolds G-quadruplexes and disrupts nucleoprotein complexes. Altogether, these results highlight that prokaryotic Pif1 helicases may resolve common issues that arise during DNA transactions. Interestingly, we found that BsPif1 is different from yeast Pif1, but resembles more human Pif1 with regard to substrate specificity, helicase activity and mode of action. These findings are discussed in the context of the possible functions of prokaryotic Pif1 helicases in vivo.

[Q-marker of Chinese medicine and metabolic regularity of co-network compatibility and rainbow potential].

The effect of Chinese medicine (CM) compound prescription is the combined action results of single herbs based on the basic theory of Chinese medicine, and its function embodies the characteristics of multi components, multi targets and comprehensive effects. It is difficult to study the therapeutic material, establish quality standards or determine Q-marker, so we can't strictly monitor the quality of the whole process of CM. The identification of Q-marker has a profound influence on the whole process of the pharmaceutical engineering of CM. The scattered effect of CM multi-components is regarded as the integral action of the parent nucleus group by the metabolic rule of co-network compatibility and rainbow potential (CCRP). The rule can be used to communicate the individual components and macro components, to reveal the metabolism of CM in organism body and basic law of information exchange, thus revealing the action law of CM on human body. Through the systematic analysis of the Q-marker's guidance to the development of CM and its relationship with the metabolic rule of CCRP, we try to provide some ideas for the identification of Q-marker.

G-quadruplexes significantly stimulate Pif1 helicase-catalyzed duplex DNA unwinding.

The evolutionarily conserved G-quadruplexes (G4s) are faithfully inherited and serve a variety of cellular functions such as telomere maintenance, gene regulation, DNA replication initiation, and epigenetic regulation. Different from the Watson-Crick base-pairing found in duplex DNA, G4s are formed via Hoogsteen base pairing and are very stable and compact DNA structures. Failure of untangling them in the cell impedes DNA-based transactions and leads to genome instability. Cells have evolved highly specific helicases to resolve G4 structures. We used a recombinant nuclear form of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 to characterize Pif1-mediated DNA unwinding with a substrate mimicking an ongoing lagging strand synthesis stalled by G4s, which resembles a replication origin and a G4-structured flap in Okazaki fragment maturation. We find that the presence of G4 may greatly stimulate the Pif1 helicase to unwind duplex DNA. Further studies reveal that this stimulation results from G4-enhanced Pif1 dimerization, which is required for duplex DNA unwinding. This finding provides new insights into the properties and functions of G4s. We discuss the observed activation phenomenon in relation to the possible regulatory role of G4s in the rapid rescue of the stalled lagging strand synthesis by helping the replicator recognize and activate the replication origin as well as by quickly removing the G4-structured flap during Okazaki fragment maturation.

[Chinese medicine preparation supramolecular imprinting templates based on in vitro release characteristics of BYHW sustained-release tablet].

The study focused on the in vitro release of Buyanghuanwu (BYHW) elementary osmotic pump sustained release tablets. Its band similarity was calculated by the total quantum statistical moment. Meanwhile, in vitro release characteristics were analyzed to discuss the existence of supramolecular imprinting templates. The results show that the same imprint templates may exist in different structures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)'s multi-components. The BYHW sustained release tablets prepared by elementary osmotic pump can meet the objectives of "overall control, synchronous release". However, the supramolecular imprinting templates in TCM compound prescriptions should be further explored, the overall and synchronous release of different components was controlled through imprinting templates, so as to seek the more suitable sustained release preparation technology for multiple components of TCM, and make it in line with the characteristics of TCM.

[Investigation of supramolecular chemical mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine processing].

To analyze the research status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processing and key scientific issues to be resolved by using characteristic of TCM biological supramolecules and reaction theories of 'Qi chromatography' to human being, and then put forward the solution countermeasures. Based on the previous explications of theories of the Chinese medicine with supramolecular chemistry as 'Qi chromatograpy', biological supramolecular chemistry theory was used to explain the root of the problem in TCM processing and form the countermeasures for supramolecular chemistry research in the processing of TCM decoction pieces. TCM is a huge complex biological supramolecular body, so the processing of TCM is in view of the processing of huge complex biological supramolecular body. In nature, it is a TCM pharmaceutical technology with chemical changes of the subject and object of biological supramolecular body with or without auxiliary materials, under the condition of high temperature and high humidity. Supramolecular chemistry was throughout the processing of TCM, so the use of supramolecular technology was appropriate in research. TCM decoction pieces were the product of subject and object molecular changes after supramolecular chemistry reaction, with changes in physical and chemical properties of the subject and object molecules, such as bound water overflow, chemical bond rupture, dehydration, carbonization, and reaction with auxiliary materials. Changes in drug property and drug efficacy after processing depended on the degree of subject and object "imprinting template" change, which can be measured by 'Qi chromatography' function of supermolecular imprinting template in human body. In this paper, the research ideas, methods, variety attribution, processing principle, quality standard and clinical application were analyzed to find out the sticking point of the problems, and form the countermeasures with supramolecular chemistry as the core. The processing of TCM is a chemical technology of biological supramolecular body based on the function of supermolecular 'imprinting template' (medical element) of human meridian-viscera, and its reaction products (decoction pieces) showed determinacy when used alone and compatibility when used together, which may constitute a compatible drug delivery system of TCM in clinical application.

[Investigation on supramolecular mechanism of multi-component overall control in Chinese medicine controlled sustained-release preparation].

Controlled sustained-release preparation (CSRP) is a definitely important source of innovative medicines, however, its further researches and development are limited due to the complexity of Chinese medicine (CM) compositions, and a series of unclear key problems like the apparent properties from physical and chemical aspects. Combined with the CM characteristics of the multiple components and synergistic effect, a series of bottleneck problems in the preparation of CSRP were analyzed. Then the mechanism and influences of supermolecular chemical theory in the CSRP about the multiple-components overall-control were explored under the guideline of "overall control, synchronous dissolution" in CSRP, based on the previous explications about supramolecular chemistry theories and with the application of single component precision controlling technologies. The supermolecular mechanism of multi-component overall control and synchronous release of the CSRP was investigated, providing an useful academic reference for the research and development of the CSRP and laying the theoretical and technical foundation for the manufacturing process of CSRP.

[Impact of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine injection supramolecules on (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility].

The (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility mechanism of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection supramolecules was clarified to lay the foundation to build safety evaluation method. Based on the previous publication on special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, combined with the natural origination of (anaphylactoid) hypersensitized special rules as well as the sensitization phenomenon of cordate houttuynia injection, the impact of the structure characteristics of ″imprinting templates″ in TCM injection supramolecules on its (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility was clarified. In Chinese medicine injections, the supramolecular structures can independently be generated, showing overall apparent (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility nature, and their structure characteristics were dependent on the strength. In addition, (anaphylactoid) hypersensitive critical supramolecular structure was present. When it was administrated by ″injection″, it's structure was not easy to be destroyed, often showing apparent immunogenicity, whereas if it was administrated by ″oral″, the structure would be destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract, showing weaker or no apparent immunogenicity. Therefore, there are differences in (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility between ″injection″ and ″oral″ administration of TCM. TCM injections would produce the supramolecules between ″molecular society″ by independent reaction of supramolecular ″imprinting template″ (chemical determinants), showing apparent immune process of recognition, copying, and storage. Single molecule is a special example for this. The screening of anaphylactoid (sensitinogen) includes the single ingredients and their forming supramolecules for TCM injection. This is the unique feature for safety evaluation of Chinese medicine injection.

[Dispute for Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower based on supermolecular imprinting templates].

More and more disputes have happened to confront us continuously since the separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2005. The state pharmacopeia committee decided to separate Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower into two species for japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, but didn't define their the convincing reasons still did not provide to us as a result that two medicines are not described the differences in natural properties, efficiency and indication, usage and dosage, as well as not given a resolving methodand specific solution. It was known for us that in the history of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, the phenomenenphenomena of the "one drug from multi-species" and "one species for multi-drug" are very ordinary thingswere ubiquitous. Whether separation of the drug species are separated shall be decided to by clinical efficiency. Through Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) issue of Chinese Pharmacopoeia the 2015 issue of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, we still cannot find a scientific solution for the dispute of for Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, perhaps because of insufficient reorganization of TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", " treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes"; lack of in-depth analysis for multi-component TCM compounds and autonomisation of "supermolecular template" for organs and meridians; less attention to the advance of efficacy and safety evaluation technologies for multi-component TCM compounds; impacts from the medication mode of "one ingredient-one composition-one effect"; as well as insufficient research methods for bioequivalent evaluation in preclinic and clinic studies . The dispute for species combination or separation for Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower was apparently caused by regional economy, drug biological equivalent of efficacy and safety, but arising from clinical principles for systematical syndrome treatment with TCM, or concepts in the treatment of diseases with TCM or western medicines. This paper focused on current studies on Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in the combination with TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", "treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes", expounded the specific pharmacological regularity of "heterogeneous equivalence" of Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, and put forward methods for studying bioequivalence of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, in order to solve the combination and separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower and lay a foundation for promoting the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry.

[Evaluation of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) methods to measure astragaloside solubility parameter from Buyang Huanwu decoction].

The solubility parameter determination of astrageloside from Buyang Huanwu decoction with inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method evaluation was investigated in this paper. Di-n-octyl phthalate Kwai alternative sample was used to carry out methodological study. The accuracy of the measured correlation coefficient was 0.992 1. Experimental precision measured by IGC experiments showed that the results were accurate and reliable. The sample was uniformly coated on the surface of an inert carrier and N2 gas was carrier gas, a variety of polar solvents such as isopropanol, toluene, acetone, chloroform, cyclohexane as probes. TCD detector temperature was 150 degrees C, gas room temperature was 120 degrees C. Similar headspace method was used whichever over 1 µL gas into the GC measurement, Retention time t(R), t(0) and all the parameters of air and probes molecules within the column were tested. Astragaloside solubility parameter was (21.02 ± 2.4) [J x cm(-3)] ½, literature value was 19.24 [J x cm(-3)] ½, and relevant coefficient was 0.984 5. IGC method is effective and accurate to measure ingredients solubility parameter.

[Exploration of research approaches of Chinese medicine's pharmacology based on "imprinting templates" (medical element) of supramolecules].

The paper, based on the previous publication as special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, aims to analyze the natural origination for the Chinese medicine and to explain the special impact of "Qi chromatography" reaction on "imprinting templates" in supramolcular host of human being with Chinese medicine, in order to reveal the CM's properties of "medical element" with "imprinting templates" autonomisation generally took place in natural supramolecules, and also to discover that the CM's pharmacology are satisfied with its own approaches different form western pharmacology. It was decided, for CM's pharmacology guided by CM's theories, to "Qi chromatography" relations between the CM's ingredient groups and the meridian zang-fu viscera. The supramolcular chemistry played an all-through role in procession of making macro-regularities and special presentation on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulse owning to the matching action of all kinds of ingredients on the meridian zang-fu viscera with similar "imprinting templates". The CM's pharmacology were guided by CM's theories, owing to its interpretation of supramolecular chemistry. The pharmacology was achieved to construct up completely on base of classical chemical single molecular bonds whereas the CM's pharmacology be configured to big building by way of "imprinting templates" as multi-weak bonds among "supramolecular society". CM's pharmacology was supramolcular pharmacology dealt with "molecular society" on the base of western pharmacology, and employed to double research approaches both math-physical quantitative representation on macroscope and qualitative analyses in microscope.

[Study on meridian tropism of medicinal property theory for Chines medicines by supramolecular chemistry (I)].

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.

[Study on material basis of essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription on activating blood circulation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the component difference of the serum containing essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription in pathologic and physiologic rat models, and to reveal the material basis of its efficacy of activating blood circulation. METHODS: The essential oils were obtained by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction and the ingredients of the essential oils in vitro and in vivo (under physiological and pathological status) were analyzed by GC-MS to compare differences of the essential oil under physiological and pathological status in rats. RESULTS: 32 components were identified with the main components of Z-ligustilide (39.23%) and d-limonene (21.7%) in the essential oil. In vivo analysis on the essential oil indicated that 16 components were identified, 7 existed originally in essential oil and 9 were metabolites under physiological status; while 22 components were identified, 10 existed originally in essential oil and 12 were metabolites under pathological status (acute blood stasis). There were 7 common prototypes and 8 common metabolites under different physiological status. CONCLUSION: The absorption and metabolism of essential oils were affected by blood stasis and the compounds migrating to blood may be the effective substance in activating blood circulation.

[Special impact of supramolecular chemistry on Chinese medicine theories].

The paper aimed to elucidate the specific impact of supramolecular chemistry on the Chinese medicine theories (CMT) in their modernization, after had summarized up the research status of supramolecular chemistry and analyzed the possible supramolecular forms of Chinese medicine (CM), as well as considered the problems in modernization of CM theories. On comparison of the classical chemistry that delt with chemical bonds among atoms, the supramolecular chemistry was rather concerned with varietes of weak noncovalent bonds intermolecules, and reflected the macro-apparent chemical properties of each molecules, and was the most appropriate chemical theories to explain the CMT and microcosmic materials. The molecules in the human body and Chinese material medica (CMM) formed supramolecules by way of self-assembly, self-organization, self-recognition and self-replication, with themselves or with complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization etc. Meridian and Zang-fu viscera in CMT might be a space channel structure continuously consisted of unique molecules cavity that was imprinted with the supramolecularly template inside and outside of cells, through which the molecules in CMM interacted with the meridian and Zang-fu viscera. When small molecules in human body imprinted with macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, in other words, they migrated along within imprinting channels of meridian and Zang-fu viscera on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulsed by the heart beat, finally showed up on macroscopic the anisotropy of tissue and organ, as described namely as visceral manifestation in Chinese medical science. When small molecules in CMM interacted with imprinting channel on meridian and Zang-fu viscera, the natural properties and efficacy regularities of CMM was reflected on macroscopic. Therefore, the special representation forms of basic CMT is based on the macroscopic expression of "Qi chromatography" abided by imprinting effect regularities, and on whether the imprinted template of small molecules matched with cavity template of macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, only is the adequate representation of supramolecular chemistry for them. The CMM materials is the mixture including single molecules and supramolecules. The compatibility for CM prescriptions can significantly change the function rules. Therefore in the study of basic CMT, we should pay special attention to the laws of supramolecular chemistry. It is the most essential differences of the CMT from the modern medicine which established by the laws of single molecular theories.

[Optimization of wine-roasting technology of coptidis rhizoma using orthogonal design].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the processing technology of Coptidis Rhizoma roasting with yellow rice wine. METHODS: The total content of four kinds of alkaloids was used as index. Orthogonal design was applied to study the processing technology of Coptidis Rhizoma roasting with yellow rice wine. L9 (3(4)) orthogonal table was decided with three factors: roasting temperature, roasting time and the amount of yellow rice wine. RESULTS: Of the three factors, only B factor (roasting time) had obvious effect on the total content of four kinds of alkaloids. CONCLUSION: The optimal processing technology is as follows: Coptidis Rhizoma should be roasted with 15% yellow rice wine for 30 min at 150 degrees C.

[Study on diversity of protein between Houttuynia cordata plant].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal protein diversity between the same batch of fresh Houttuynia cordata in the same GAP base,and to lay the foundation construction for "node metabolic network". METHODS: Three methods including the Ramagli improved Bradford law, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis method and double wavelength thin-layer scanning method were used to study the total protein content diversity, protein species diversity and various kinds of content variability. RESULTS: The molecular weight of 53 plant protein mostly concentrated in the range of 6.5-97.2 kDa, the species diversity was not obvious with main performance for banding color shades; The RSD of zero moment (AUCT), first moment (MCRTT) and second moment (VCRTT) in protein electrophoresis banding was 40.92%, 6.01% and 18.57%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is rich diversity in different Houttuynia cordata plant in the same GAP base, which provides basis for the foundation of subsequent key protease search, "node metabolic network" construction, and study on the Chinese medicine quality stability.