Study on an effective industrial waste-based adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of phosphorus from wastewater: equilibrium and kinetics studies.

In this work, an effective adsorbent for removing phosphate from aqueous solution was developed from modifying industrial waste--lithium silica fume (LSF). The characterization of LSF before and after modification was investigated using an N2 adsorption-desorption technique (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of adsorbent dose, initial solution pH, contact time, phosphate concentration, and temperature on phosphate removal using this novel adsorbent. The specific surface area for modified LSF (LLSF) is 24.4024 m(2)/g, improved 69.8% compared with unmodified LSF. XRD result suggests that the lanthanum phosphate complex was formed on the surface of LLSF. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 24.096 mg P/g for LLSF, and phosphate removal was favored in the pH range of 3-8. The kinetic data fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate controlling step. The adsorption isotherm results illustrated that the Langmuir model provided the best fit for the equilibrium data. The change in free energy (△G(0)), enthalpy (△H(0)) and entropy (△S(0)) revealed that the adsorption of phosphate on LLSF was spontaneous and endothermic. It was concluded that by modifying with lanthanum, LSF can be turned to be a highly efficient adsorbent in phosphate removal.

Inactivation of dinoflagellate Scripsiella trochoidea in synthetic ballast water by advanced oxidation processes.

Ship-borne ballast water contributes significantly to the transfer of non-indigenous species across aquatic environments. To reduce the risk of bio-invasion, ballast water should be treated before discharge. In this study, the efficiencies of several conventional and advanced oxidation processes were investigated for potential ballast water treatment, using a marine dinoflagellate species, Scripsiella trochoidea, as the indicator organism. A stable and consistent culture was obtained and treated by ultraviolet (UV) light, ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their various combinations. UV apparently inactivated the cells after only 10 s of irradiation, but subsequently photo-reactivation of the cells was observed for all methods involving UV. O3 exhibited 100% inactivation efficiency after 5 min treatment, while H2O2 only achieved maximum 80% inactivation in the same duration. Combined methods, e.g. UV/O3 and UV/H2O2, were found to inhibit photo-reactivation and improve treatment efficiency to some degree, indicating the effectiveness of using combined treatment processes. The total residual oxidant (TRO) levels of the methods were determined, and the results indicated that UV and O3 generated the lowest and highest TRO, respectively. The synergic effect of combined processes on TRO generation was found to be insignificant, and thus UV/O3 was recommended as a potentially suitable treatment process for ballast water.

Current global research on mandibular defect: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2021.

Background: Mandibular defects can result from congenital deformities, trauma, tumor resection, and osteomyelitis. The shape was irregular because the lower jaw was radians. This involves teeth and jaw functions; therefore, the difficulty of bone repair is greater than that in other body parts. Several standard treatments are available, but they result in various problems, such as difficulties in skin flap transplantation and possible zone dysfunction, artificial material boneless combining ability, and a long treatment period. This study aimed to introduce the present status of research on mandibular defects to analyze the current introduction and predict future research trends through a bibliometric study. Methods: From 2001 to 2021, publications on mandibular defects were collected for bibliometric visualization using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software based on the Web of Science Core Collection. Results: This study analyzed 4,377 articles, including 1,080 published in the United States, 563 in China, and 359 in Germany, with an increase in the number of articles published over the past 20 years. Wikesjoe and Ulf Mai E had the most publications (p = 36) and citations (citations = 1,553). Shanghai Jiaotong University published the highest number of papers among the research institutions (p = 88). The most productive journal was Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and the cited literature was primarily classified as dentistry, dermatology, and surgery. Cluster Analysis of Co-occurrence Keywords revealed that highest number of core words were mandibular defects, mandibular reconstruction, and bone regeneration. The highest cited words were head and neck cancer, accuracy, and osteogenic differentiation. High-frequency terms of Cluster Analysis of References were osteosynthesis plate, tissue engineering, and rapid distraction rate. Conclusion: Over the past 20 years, the number of studies on mandibular defects has gradually increased. New surgical procedures are increasingly being used in clinical practice. Current frontier topics mainly focus on areas such as computer-aided design, 3D printing of osteotomy and reconstruction guide plates, virtual surgical planning, and bone tissue engineering.

Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review.

Sufficient attention should be attached to the large amount of fly ash containing high levels of toxic heavy metals generated after municipal solid waste incineration. Because heavy metals could be leached out of the fly ash under specific conditions, it is necessary to stabilize the heavy metals in fly ash before landfill disposal. Processing technologies of incineration fly ash include solidification/stabilization technology, thermal treatments, and separation processes. This study reviewed the current treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, with the main focus on the treatment of heavy metals in fly ash with chemical stabilization. Chemical stabilization processes involve chemical precipitation of heavy metal and chelation of heavy metals. In multiple studies, chemical stabilization technology has shown practical feasibility in terms of technology, economy, and effect. In addition, the combination of two or more stabilization agents broadens the general applicability of the agents to heavy metals and reduces the cost. The application of joint processing technology realizes the remove of soluble salt from fly ash. To minimize pollutants while increase their usable value, effective use of waste and co-disposal of several kinds of wastes have gradually become the research hotspots. New developments in chemical stabilization are progressively moving towards the sustainable direction of harmlessness and resource utilization of MSWI fly ash.

Innovative use of concentrated growth factors combined with corticosteroids to treat discoid lupus erythematosus alopecia: A case report.

Alopecia for patients with discoid lupus erythematosus can sometimes be a refractory condition, where mixed infiltrates of T lymphocytes and histiocytes leads to destruction of hair follicles, which might cause permanent scarring. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can achieve hair regeneration and prevent further disease progression. Concentrated growth factor, a novel autologous plasma extract, contains various growth factors that could promote tissue regeneration. In this article, we report a case of cell growth factor combined with corticosteroids for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus alopecia. This case study concludes with satisfactory clinical effect.

The Diagnostic Value of Serum Ferritin for Telogen Effluvium: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum ferritin levels and telogen effluvium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 193 telogen effluvium patients and 104 female androgenetic alopecia patients were included. We collected the test result of serum ferritin levels, compared with the results of 183 healthy subjects. Receiver Operator Characteristic curves were generated to assess the potential diagnostic value of serum ferritin in telogen effluvium patients. RESULTS: The serum ferritin in telogen effluvium patients were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P = 0.000) or female androgenetic alopecia patients (P =0.000). Patients with lower serum ferritin levels got high odds to have telogen effluvium. The areas under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve of serum ferritin levels were 0.735 and 0.645 for distinguishing telogen effluvium patients from healthy control subjects or female androgenetic alopecia patients. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin could be a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis of telogen effluvium.

Multi-stage surgery combined with radiotherapy for treatment of giant anterior chest wall keloid: A case report.

RATIONALE: Giant keloids often have indications for surgical resection, but postoperative reconstruction of the skin and high recurrence of keloids are a challenge for clinical treatment. This article reports a rare successful treatment of a giant keloid in the anterior chest wall by multistage surgery combined with radiotherapy, which is why this case is meaningful. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 66-year-old woman presented a giant keloid with ulcerations and severe itching on the anterior chest wall. She had a history of keloid disease for more than 10 years, and had been treated by multiple operations, with no success. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed as keloid based on her history and symptoms. Histopathology findings supported our diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS: We successfully excised the keloid after 5 operations and 2 rounds of electron-beam radiotherapy, which was applied at 24 hours after the 4th and 5th operation. OUTCOMES: There was no sign of recurrence over the follow-up period of 24 months. LESSONS: The combination of multistage surgery and radiotherapy presents as a good choice for the treatment of giant keloids.

Application of excitation and emission matrix fluorescence (EEM) and UV-vis absorption to monitor the characteristics of Alizarin Red S (ARS) during electro-Fenton degradation process.

Oxidative degradation of Alizarin Red S (ARS) in aqueous solutions by using electro-Fenton was studied. At first, effect of operating parameters such as current density, aeration rate and initial pH on the degradation of ARS were studied by using UV-vis spectrum, respectively. Then, under the optimal operating conditions (current density: 10.0mAcm(-2), aeration rate: 1000mLmin(-1), initial pH: 2.8), the identification of degradation products of ARS was carried out by using GC-MS and HPLC, meanwhile its degradation pathway was proposed according to the intermediates. Considering the location, intensity and intensity ratio of fluorescence center peak of the ARS in aqueous solution, a convenient and quick monitoring method by using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectrum technology was developed to monitor the degradation degree of ARS through electro-Fenton process. Furthermore, it is suggested that the developed method would be promising for the quick analysis and evaluation of the degradation degree of the pollutants with π-conjugated system.