[Survey on the status of health effects and relationship between indices of health effects of population in environment cadmium polluted area in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate health status of general population in environment cadmium polluted area in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province. Methods The subjects were selected by random sampling from the local resident. The urine samples were collected and detected for cadmium, N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG). ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) was used to determine Cd concentrations. ß2-MG was determined using radioimmunoassay. NAG and creatinine was measured by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Urinary screening was carried out and 1351 urine samples were collected, 948 samples from polluted area and 403 samples from control area. There were significant difference for urine Cd between polluted and control population. The mean value of urinary Cd in polluted area and control area were 8. 79 µg/g Cr and 2. 93 µg/g Cr respectively, There was significant difference for Cd between pollution and control population(P <0. 05). The positive ratio of urinary Cd in polluted area and control area were 10. 8% and 1. 2% respectively. There were no significant difference for ß2-MG and NAG between pollution and control population. The cooperation positive rate of population in polluted and control area were 1. 6% and 0. 5% respectively. CONCLUSION: There were potential health risk in the environmental cadmium polluted area, Cd, ß2-MG and NAG should be used together to assess the health risk of environmental cadmium pollution comnletely.

[Investigation of urinary cadmium reference of general population in two rural high background areas of soil cadmium and non-cadmium-polluted in China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the reference of urinary. cadmium of the general population in rural high background areas of soil cadmium and non-cadmium contaminated in China. METHODS: In rural high background areas of soil cadmium and non-cadmium contaminated, randomly selected non-occupational-cadmium exposed population 1134 people (male 519, female 615) with each gender and age groups, questionnaire surveyed and collected random urine. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine (Cr) concentration were tested, excluding urinary Cr <0.3 g/L and >3 g/L. Analyze the impact factors of urinary cadmium and calculated 95% quantile (P,95 ) of urinary cadmium after correction by urinary Cr. RESULTS: Female median urinary cadmium was significantly higher than men, male smokers median urinary cadmium was significantly higher than male non-smokers (P <0. 05) , but differ slightly in P95. Both men and women, the median and P95 of urinary cadmium were low when 15 -30 year-old, and higher when <15 or >30 year-old. According to gender, and 15 -30, <15 and >30 years old, analysis the upper limit of cadmium in urine. The 95% upper limit of urinary cadmium of <15 and >30 year-old female (12.24 microg/gCr) was significantly higher than other populations ( <9.0 microg/gCr). Addition, the 95% upper limit of uriniary cadmium of the survey population exceeded the upper limit (5 microg/gCr) of the occupational cadmium poisoning diagnostic criteria in China (GBZ 17-2002). CONCLUSION: In the two rural high background areas of soil cadmium and non-cadmium polluted , urinary cadmium reference of non-cadmium-occupational-exposed male is <9.0 microg/gCr, and female <13.0 microg/gCr.

[Estimation of cadmium exposure level for the residents in metal contaminative area].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate situation of environmental cadmium pollution and exposure level of cadmium in general population. METHODS: Local self-seeded grain and vegetable sample were collected and detected for cadmium content. Dietary survey was carried out in the local resident at the same time. RESULTS: 833 samples and 124 samples were collected respectively from polluted area and control area. Three days diet survey were conducted in 546 residents. Cd contents of grains from polluted area are higher than that from control area. corn, rape, potato and kidney bean (dry) are the main food. Rape is the major source of dietary cadmium intake. Average daily Cd intake and cumulative Cd intake of residents in polluted area exceeded the limitation of the cadmium from food recommended by WHO, while control area is under the limit. CONCLUSION: Self-seeded vegetable is the main media of cadmium intake for the local resident in cadmium contaminated area, cumulative Cd intake for male > or = 55 years old and for female > or = 65 years old had reached 2000mg, which is the threshold for health hazard recommended by WHO.

[Thallium content in adults older than 45 ages at Hezhang County of Guizhou Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feature of Thallium content in adults of heavy metal contaminated district due to mining of Hezhang County, Guizhou Province. METHODS The subjects older than 45 ages were randomly recruited from the mineralized district (Magu village) and no-mineralized district (Salaxi viillage) , urine of villagers were collected and thallium content in urine were detected with ICP-MS. RESULTS: The average thallium contents in urine of Magu villagers were higner than those of Salaxi villagers,The urinary thallium contents of female were higner than those of male. The urinary thallium contents of residents in two districts were mostly under the upper limit of exposure in human bodies. CONCLUSION: There was no villager suffered from chronic poisoning of thallium in the two observing districts, the 95% upper limits of urinary thallium content for nonoccupational women older than 45 ages in Magu village was 8 microg/gCr and those for other nonoccupational subjects older than 45 ages was 5 microg/gCr.