[Analysis on monitoring results of occupational hazards in Yangzhou city from 2014 to 2018].

Objective: To undersand the monitor of occupational hazards in the enterprises in the past 5 years, as well as the distribution of occupational disease hazards and their dynamic changes in their respective jurisdictions, for providing scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases in relevant departments. Methods: Taking the method of cluster sampling, select the monitoring results of the occupational disease hazard factors commissioned by the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2014 to 2018 and the annual monitoring data of the network of the occupational hazard declaration system of the Safety Supervision Bureau, using chi-square test, trend Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method. Results: There were 461 testing companies in the past 5 years, with a total of 15, 186 monitoring points and 43428 samples. The pass rate was 94.32% (14324/15186) . The pass rate was increasing year by year from 2014 to 2017 (P<0.05) ; The pass rate of various occupational disease hazards surveillance were greater than 90% except the rate of physical factors. In 2014, the qualified rate of physical factors was the lowest, which was 86.99% (1558/1791) ; the production rate of different production scale enterprises in 2018 was higher than that of 2014. From 2014 to 2018, the number of inspection enterprises and the number of inspection points of the joint-stock economy and state-owned economic enterprises are both high, 58 (10091 points) and 71 (1830 points) respectively; The qualified rate of state-owned economy and collective economy monitoring is high, 98.36% (1800/1830) and 100% (74/74) respectively. It had reached more than 95%; The enterprises tested mainly from the economic development zone and Guangling, respectively accounting for 34.27% (158/461) and 33.84% (156/461) of the total number of enterprises. Which followed by the Hanjiang, accounting for 23.21% of the total number of enterprises (107/461) ; The monitoring enterprises were mainly distributed in the manufacturing and power industries, which accounted for 85.25% (393/461) and 6.07% (28/461) of the total number of enterprises, respectively. Conclusion: The monitoring rate of enterprises had been increasing year by year from 2014 to 2018. Noise was the main disease prevention and controlling factor in the area.In addition, micro-enterprises, individual economy and foreign-invested economy were the key targets for occupational health.

Effect of pneumatic leg compression on phenylephrine dose for hypotension prophylaxis via variable rate infusion at cesarean delivery: an unblinded randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Phenylephrine infusion is recommended to prevent spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery (CD) but may be associated with dose-dependent side effects. We hypothesized that adding intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of the lower legs to a variable-rate phenylephrine infusion will reduce the dose of phenylephrine required during CD. METHODS: Seventy-six healthy women undergoing elective CD under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to IPC or control groups (n = 38 per group). After spinal anesthesia, IPC of the lower legs was initiated in the IPC group, and all women received a phenylephrine infusion starting at 25 µg·min-1 and increasing by 16.7 µg·min-1 for systolic blood pressure (SAP) < 90% baseline. If hypotension (SAP < 80% baseline) occurred, 100 µg phenylephrine bolus was administered. The primary outcome was the dose of phenylephrine per minute. RESULTS: The dose of phenylephrine per minute (34.4 ±â€¯7.3 µg·min-1 vs. 40.9 ±â€¯9.5 µg·min-1, P = 0.001; mean difference -6.6 µg·min-1, 95% CI -10.5 to -2.7 µg·min-1) and the incidence of hypotension (24% vs. 55%, P = 0.005) were lower in the IPC group than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the total dose of phenylephrine (603.2 ±â€¯217.1 µg vs. 706.2 ±â€¯247.5 µg, P = 0.058; mean difference -102.9 µg, 95% CI -209.4 to 3.5 µg), maternal side effects, or neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent pneumatic compression combined with a variable-rate phenylephrine infusion reduced the phenylephrine dose per minute and the incidence of hypotension during CD under spinal anesthesia.

Effect of microclimate on particulate matter, airborne bacteria, and odorous compounds in swine nursery houses.

Nursery pigs are vulnerable to environmental risks associated with the microclimate and aerial contaminants. This study was carried out to assess the effect of microclimate (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and air speed) on the quantity of particulate matter (PM), airborne bacteria, and odorants in nursery houses. Data were collected from 15 farms in different locations throughout South Korea during 4 seasons; daily sampling times were from 1000 to 1100 h in the morning. A nonparametric correlation analysis revealed correlations between microclimate variables and airborne contaminants in different seasons. Over the entire year, negative correlations were observed between temperature, air speed, and some odorous compounds (P < 0.05). Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between temperature, air speed, and relatively large airborne particulates, such as PM(10) (PM mean aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm), PM(7) (PM mean aerodynamic diameter ≤7 µm), and total suspended particles (P < 0.05). A possible reason for these negative correlations is that increased ventilation at an increased room temperature could transfer most airborne particulates that are carried with odorous compounds out of the nursery houses. On the other hand, because of the sensitivity of coliform bacteria to temperature, positive correlations were observed between temperature and total coliform and Escherichia coli counts (P < 0.01). Because it is a challenging task to control the quantity of aerial contaminants in nursery houses, the relationships between the microclimate and airborne contaminants established in this study could be used to reduce those contaminants by controlling microclimate variables. The correlations established in the current study could also be helpful in establishing guidelines for good management practices in nursery houses.