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BACKGROUND: Postpartum women often experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal microbial dysbiosis, which seriously affect women's physical and mental health. Understanding the relationship between SUI and vaginal microbiota composition may help to prevent vaginal diseases, but research on the potential association between these conditions is limited. RESULTS: This study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the association between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis. In terms of the vaginal microbiota, both species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the SUI group. Additionally, the results of NMDS and species composition indicated that there were differences in the composition of the vaginal microbiota between the two groups. Specifically, compared to postpartum women without SUI (Non-SUI), the relative abundance of bacteria associated with bacterial dysbiosis, such as Streptococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, and Veillonella, showed an increase, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased in SUI patients. Furthermore, the vaginal microbial co-occurrence network of SUI patients displayed higher connectivity, complexity, and clustering. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the role of Lactobacillus in maintaining vaginal microbial homeostasis. It found a correlation between SUI and vaginal microbiota, indicating an increased risk of vaginal dysbiosis. The findings could enhance our understanding of the relationship between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis in postpartum women, providing valuable insights for preventing bacterial vaginal diseases and improving women's health.
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Microbiota , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Doenças Vaginais , Feminino , Humanos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Vagina/microbiologia , Microbiota/genética , Lactobacillus/genética , Bactérias/genética , Doenças Vaginais/complicaçõesRESUMO
We report compound heterozygous variants in TOE1 in siblings of Chinese origin who presented with dyskinesia and intellectual disabilities. Our report provides further information regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7 syndrome (PCH7). Clinical manifestations were obtained, and genomic DNA was collected from family members. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify associated genetic variants. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify and characterize the pathogenicity of the heterozygous variants. Following long-term rehabilitation, both siblings showed minimal improvement, and their condition tended to progress. Whole-exome sequencing revealed two unreported heterozygous variants, NM_025077: c.C553T (p.R185W) and NM_025077: c.G562T (p.V188L), in the TOE1 gene mapped to 1p34.1. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the two variants in the proband and her brother were inherited from their parents. The NM_025077: c.C553T (p.R185W) variant was inherited from the father, and the NM_025077: c.G562T (p.V188L) variant was inherited from the mother. Although the two variants in the TOE1 gene have not been reported previously, they were associated with PCH7 based on integrated analysis. Thus, our report contributes to our knowledge regarding the etiology and phenotype of PCH 7.
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Doenças Cerebelares , Deficiência Intelectual , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Mutação , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , China , Linhagem , Proteínas Nucleares/genéticaRESUMO
A novel ligninase-producing and cellulose-degrading actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-A12T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Aohan banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China. A polyphasic taxonomic study was used to establish the status of strain NEAU-A12T. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NEAU-A12T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and showed the highest similarity (98.3â%) to Actinoplanes palleronii DSM 43940T, while showing less than 98.3â% similarity to other members of the genus Actinoplanes. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol. The diagnostic sugars in cell hydrolysates were determined to be arabinose, glucose and xylose. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H2). The major fatty acids were C15â:â0, C16â:â0, C16â:â1 ω7c and C17â:â0. Meanwhile, genomic analysis revealed a genome size of 10â192â524 bp and a DNA G+C content of 70.6âmol%, and indicated that strain NEAU-A12T had the potential to degrade lignin and cellulose, as well as produce bioactive compounds. In addition, the average nucleotide identity values between strain NEAU-A12T and its reference strains A. palleronii DSM 43940T, Actinoplanes regularis DSM 43151T, Actinoplanes philippinensis DSM 43019T, Actinoplanes xinjiangensis DSM 45184T and Actinoplanes italicus DSM 43146T were 80.3, 80.3, 84.1, 84.3 and 84.0â%, respectively. The levels of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between them were found to be 23.6â% (21.3-26.1â%), 23.8â% (21.5-26.3â%), 28.3â% (25.9-30.8â%), 28.6â% (26.0-30.9â%) and 28.4â% (26.2-31.1â%), respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain NEAU-A12T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes sandaracinus sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-A12T (=CCTCC AA 2020039T=DSM 112043T) as the type strain.
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Actinoplanes , Celulose , Solo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Composição de Bases , Ácidos Graxos/química , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem BacterianaRESUMO
Argpyrimidine (APMD), a methylglyoxal-arginine-derived product, is one of the main products of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to systematically investigate the role of APMD in regulating autophagy activity, with a specific focus on the finding of APDM binding molecule, matching amino acid residues, autophagy flux and proteins, cell cycle arrest, cell skeleton and migration, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, inflammatory signals, alveolar bone destruction, and inhibition verification. In this study, binding to 59/94/121 amino acid residues of advanced glycosylation end product receptor (RAGE), APMD suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate cell survival of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Simultaneously, autophagy proteins ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3-II/I expression ratio were upregulated while P62/SQSTM was downregulated. Cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 with enhancing Cyclin D1/CDK4 and decreasing Cyclin A/CDK2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy abrogated APMD-induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the inflammation regulation network of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MAPKs and NF-κB pathways were activated by APMD. Rat periodontal models confirmed that APMD induced alveolar bone resorption, increased inflammatory infiltrates, and degraded collagen fibers through RAGE and PI3K. APMD-induced autophagy, G0/G1 arrest, pro-inflammatory signals activating and periodontal destruction were reversed by RAGE knockdown while aggravated by PI3K inhibitor. This study provides the first evidence that APMD bind to RAGE to regulate autophagy and cell cycle of PDLCs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting periodontal destruction.
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Autofagia , Ciclo Celular , Ornitina , Doenças Periodontais , Pirimidinas , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Animais , Ratos , Apoptose , Ornitina/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/citologiaRESUMO
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common pathogen that infects 50-90% of the world's population and causes a variety of diseases, some of which can be life-threatening. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In this study, we investigated the activity of AgNPs against HSV-1 and found that AgNPs effectively inhibited plaque formation and HSV-1 progeny production, reduced the genomic load, and interfered with HSV-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that AgNPs interacted with HSV-1 and altered the shape of the viral particles. Furthermore, AgNPs affected the entry of HSV-1 into cells as well as their release and cell-to-cell spread. AgNPs were also found to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon HSV-1 infection. Combined treatment with AgNPs and acyclovir (ACV) confirmed that AgNPs significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of ACV against HSV-1. Our findings may contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of the antiviral effect of AgNPs against HSV-1 and help to provide a theoretical basis for their clinical application.
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Herpes Simples , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Aciclovir/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Herpes Simples/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Humanos , Prata/farmacologia , Prata/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. However, the hub genes in periodontitis and their correlation with immune cells are not clear. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune infiltration properties in periodontitis and to explore the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed both on GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. Hub genes were identified via WGCNA and DEGs. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm, and single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset GSE164241 was used to explore cell-type-specific expression profiles of hub genes. RESULTS: Eight hub genes (DERL3, FKBP11, LAX1, CD27, SPAG4, ST6GAL1, MZB1, and SEL1L3) were selected via WGCNA and DEGs by combining GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. CIBERSORT analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of B cells, dendritic cells resting, and neutrophils in the gingival tissues between healthy and periodontitis patients, and expressions of these genes were highly correlated with the infiltration of B cells in periodontitis. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR results further confirmed the overexpression of hub genes. Analysis of GSE164241dataset further identified that most of hub genes were mainly expressed in B cells. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating WGCNA, DEGs, and CIBERSORT analysis, eight genes were identified to be the hub genes of periodontitis and most of them were mainly expressed in B cells encouraging further researches on B cells in periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Biologia Computacional , Periodontite , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana , Periodontite/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence has uncovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) exert biofunctions on cellular mineralization and bone formation. In this study, we aimed to identify lncRNA-mRNA expression profiles and expression patterns, and explore their underlying biofunctions during cementoblast mineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cementoblasts were cultured in mineralized medium for 0, 7, and 14 days. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) to detect expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and Osterix (Osx). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining (ARS) were conducted to detect ALP activity and number of mineralized nodule. Total RNA was extracted from cells and used for high-throughput sequencing. EBSeq package was applied to analyze differentially expressed genes. Mfuzz R package was used to identify gene expression patterns. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to explore co-expressed mRNAs of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were adopted by Clusterprofile R package. RESULTS: Cementoblasts were successfully induced by osteogenic medium. Compared with those on day 0, 384 DElncRNAs and 4255 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), respectively, were found on day 7. Meanwhile, 645 DElncRNAs and 4717 DEmRNAs were detected on day 14. Both DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were classified into six clusters with different expression patterns. DEmRNAs and co-expressed mRNA of DElncRNAs were predominantly related to cell process, binding, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that both noncoding and coding RNAs were involved in the process of mineralization in cementoblasts, which may provide a new database for further study.
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RNA Longo não Codificante , Camundongos , Animais , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Cemento Dentário , Ontologia Genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
In this study, a novel high efficiency vapor generation strategy was proposed on the basis of solution anode glow discharge for the determination of Cd and Zn by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. In this approach, a glow discharge microplasma was acted as a gaseous cathode to initiate the plasma electrochemical vapor generation of Cd and Zn. Cadmium/zinc ions could be converted into molecular species efficiently at the plasma-liquid interface from a supporting electrolyte (HCl, pH = 3.2). It was found that the overall efficiency of the plasma electrochemical vapor generation (PEVG) system was much higher than the conventional electrochemical hydride generation (EcHG) and HCl-KBH4 system. With no requirement for other reducing reagents, this new approach enabled us to detect Cd and Zn with detection limits as low as 0.003 µg L-1 for Cd and 0.3 µg L-1 for Zn. Good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD), n = 5) was 2.4% for Cd (0.1 µg L-1) and 1.7% for Zn (10 µg L-1) standard. The accuracy of the proposed method was successfully validated through analysis of cadmium in reference material of stream sediment (GBW07311), soil (GBW07401), rice (GBW10045), and zinc in a simulated water sample (GSB 07-1184-2000). Replacing a metal electrode with a plasma offers the advantage of eliminating potential interactions between the species in liquid and the electrode, which solves the issues associated with electrode encountered in conventional EcHG. The ability to initiate electrochemical vapor generation reactions at the plasma-liquid interface opens a new approach for chemical vapor generation based on interactions between plasma gas-phase electrons and solutions.
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Schistosomiasis japonica is one of the neglected tropical diseases characterized by chronic hepatic, intestinal granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis, as well as dysbiosis of intestinal microbiome. Previously, the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been shown to alleviate the pathological injuries in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum by improving the disturbance of the intestinal microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. In this study, metagenomics sequencing and functional analysis were employed to investigate the differential changes in taxonomic composition and functional genes of the intestinal microbiome in S. japonicum-infected mice treated with B. amyloliquefaciens. The results revealed that intervention with B. amyloliquefaciens altered the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota at the species level in infected mice and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, the abundance of predicted genes in the intestinal microbiome was also significantly changed, and the abundance of xfp/xpk and genes translated to urease was significantly restored. Further analysis showed that Limosilactobacillus reuteri was positively correlated with several KEGG Orthology (KO) genes and metabolic reactions, which might play important roles in alleviating the pathological symptoms caused by S. japonicum infection, indicating that it has the potential to function as another effective therapeutic agent for schistosomiasis. These data suggested that treatment of murine schistosomiasis japonica by B. amyloliquefaciens might be induced by alterations in the taxonomic composition and functional gene of the intestinal microbiome in mice. We hope this study will provide adjuvant strategies and methods for the early prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis japonica. IMPORTANCE: Targeted interventions of probiotics on gut microbiome were used to explore the mechanism of alleviating schistosomiasis japonica. Through metagenomic analysis, there were significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and significant increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria after the intervention of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. At the same time, the abundance of functional genes was found to change significantly. The abundance of genes related to urease metabolism and xfp/xpk related to D-erythrose 4-phosphate production was significantly restored, highlighting the importance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in the recovery and abundance of predicted genes of the gut microbiome. These results indicated potential regulatory mechanism between the gene function of gut microbiome and host immune response. Our research lays the foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of probiotic intervention in alleviating schistosomiasis japonica, and provides potential adjuvant treatment strategies for early prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis japonica.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Schistosoma japonicum , Esquistossomose Japônica , Animais , Camundongos , Esquistossomose Japônica/tratamento farmacológico , Urease , Schistosoma japonicum/genética , Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
The lack of accurate and reliable in vitro brain models hinders the development of brain science and research on brain diseases. Owing to the complex structure of the brain tissue and its highly nonlinear characteristics, the construction of brain-like in vitro tissue models remains one of the most challenging research fields in the construction of living tissues. This study proposes a multi-scale design of a brain-like model with a biomimetic cortical structure, which includes the macroscopic structural features of six layers of different cellular components, as well as micrometer-scale continuous fiber structures running through all layers vertically. To achieve integrated biomanufacturing of such a complex multi-scale brain-like model, a multi-material composite printing/culturing integrated bioprinting platform was developed in-house by integrating cell-laden hydrogel ink direct writing printing and electrohydrodynamic fiber 3D printing technologies. Through integrated bioprinting, multi-scale models with different cellular components and fiber structural parameters were prepared to study the effects of macroscopic and microscopic structural features on the directionality of neural cells, as well as the interaction between glial cells and neurons within the tissue model in a three-dimensional manner. The results revealed that the manufactured in vitro biomimetic cortical model achieved morphological connections between the layers of neurons, reflecting the structure and cellular morphology of the natural cortex. Micrometer-scale (10 µm) cross-layer fibers effectively guided and controlled the extension length and direction of the neurites of surrounding neural cells but had no significant effect on the migration of neurons. In contrast, glial cells significantly promoted the migration of surrounding PC12 cells towards the glial layer but did not contribute to the extension of neurites. This study provides a basis for the design and manufacture of accurate brain-like models for the functionalization of neuronal tissues.
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Although travelers are frequently accompanied by abdominal discomfort and even diarrhea, not every trip can cause this issue. Many studies have reported that intestinal microbes play an important role in it. However, little is known about the reason for the dynamics of these intestinal microbes. Here, we delved into the effects of short-term travel on the gut microbiota of 12 healthy individuals. A total of 72 fecal samples collected before and after one-week travel, alongside non-traveling controls, underwent amplicon sequencing and a series of bioinformatic analyses. We found that travel significantly increased intra-individual gut microbiota fluctuations without diarrhea symptoms. In addition, the initial composition of the gut microbiota before travel emerged as a crucial factor in understanding these fluctuations. Travelers with stable microbiota exhibited an enrichment of specific probiotic bacteria (Agathobaculum, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus) before travel. Another batch of data validated their predictive role in distinguishing travelers with and without the gut microbial disorder. This work provided valuable insights into understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and travel. It offered a microbiota-centric perspective and a potential avenue for interventions to preserve gut health during travel.
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Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to treat various health conditions. However, the underlying mechanism of EA treatment remains unclear, hindering its promotion. The mechanistic study requires mouse or rat models to address this issue. However, these animals are not obedient to the experimental process, which is time-consuming. To solve these problems, we designed a 3D-printed small animal body bulk fixator to improve the efficiency of EA's animal experiments. This video shows in detail how to use the fixator to perform bulk EA on mice or young rats. For the selection of acupoints, the anterior oblique line of vertex temporal (MS6 head) and Tianshu point (ST25 belly) were chosen to verify the effect of the fixation device with prone positioning and supine positioning. Using the 3D-printed small animal holder allows multiple rodents to be immobilized and treated simultaneously, reducing the time and resources required for the experiment. This technique could be applied to other animal models by 3D printing different sizes and could potentially be used for various fixing conditions. The device is beneficial for the promotion of experimental scientific research in EA.
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Eletroacupuntura , Ratos , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Cabeça , Modelos Animais , Posicionamento do PacienteRESUMO
The success rate of azomethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) model in mice has been a long-standing problem. Treatment of AOM and the first round DSS induces acute colitis and is of great significance for the success of AOM-DSS model. In this study, we focused on the role of gut microbiota in the early stage of AOM-DSS model. Few mice with obvious weight loss and high disease-activity score survived from double strike of AOM and the first round DSS. Different ecological dynamics of gut microbiota were observed in AOM-DSS treated mice. Pseudescherichia, Turicibacter, and Clostridium_XVIII were of significance in the model, uncontrolled proliferation of which accompanied with rapid deterioration and death of mice. Akkermansia and Ruthenibacterium were significantly enriched in the alive AOM-DSS treated mice. Decrease of Ligilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus were observed in AOM-DSS model, but significant drop of these genera could be lethal. Millionella was the only hub genus of gut microbiota network in dead mice, which indicated dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and fragility of microbial network. Our results will provide a better understanding for the role of gut microbiota in the early stage of AOM-DSS model and help improve the success rate of model construction.
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Colite , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Camundongos , Dextranos , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/microbiologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Colo/microbiologiaRESUMO
Gastric microbiome has been shown to contribute to gastric carcinogenesis, understanding how alterations in gastric microbiome is helpful to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies have focused on the change of microbiome during the gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, the microbiome of gastric juice samples from healthy control (HC), gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and gastric cancer (GC) was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that the alpha diversity of patients with GC was significantly lower than other groups. Compared to other groups, some genera in GC group were shown to be up-regulated (e.g., Lautropia and Lactobacillus) and down-regulated (e.g., Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas). More importantly, the emergence of Lactobacillus was closely related to the occurrence and development of GC. Moreover, the microbial interactions and networks in GPL exhibited higher connectivity, complexity and lower clustering property, while GC showed the opposite trend. Taken together, we suggest that changes in the gastric microbiome are associated with GC and perform a key function in maintaining the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, our findings will provide new ideas and references for the treatment of GC.
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Excessive intake of protein has been considered as a factor leading to intestinal microecological disorder, but why and how intestinal microbes change under the high-protein diet (HPD) have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing on contents of cecum, colon and feces from two groups of mice with standard diet (SD) and HPD. And then the microbial alteration of composition and function were deeply analyzed by using several statistical models and bioinformatic methods. Among the three niches, the microbes in the colon are observed to show the most significant change with lower alpha-diversity and higher beta-diversity after HPD. In addition, this alteration of microbial structure may be related to the replacement process and co-occurring community. Most species are also enriched or impoverished in the colon during this process. After analyzing the functional genes related to protein and carbohydrate hydrolysis in different niches, we found that the carbon source provided by poor carbohydrates compared with the rich protein may be the potential factor driving the enrichment of mucin degraders and desulphaters in the colon under HPD. Therefore, our study provided a new insight to understand the underlying mechanism of HPD affecting intestinal health from the perspective of microbial functional ecology.
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Dietary habits have been proven to help alter the composition of gut microbiota, and exploring the impact of nutritional patterns on gut microbiota changes can help protect gut health. However, few studies have focused on the dietary impact on the gut microbiota over an experimental timeframe. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate the gut microbiota of mice under different dietary patterns, including AIN-93G diet (Control), high protein diet (HPD), high fiber diet (HFD), and switch diet (Switch). The alpha diversity of the HPD group significantly decreased, but HFD can restore this decline. During HPD, some genera were significantly upregulated (e.g., Feacalibaculum) and downregulated (e.g., Parabacteroides). However, after receiving HFD, other genera were upregulated (e.g., Akkermansia) and downregulated (e.g., Lactobacillus). In addition, the interaction between pathogenic bacteria was more pronounced during HPD, while the main effect was probiotics during HFD. In conclusion, the plasticity exhibited by the gut microbiota was subject to dietary influences, wherein disparate dietary regimens hold pivotal significance in upholding the well-being of the host. Therefore, our findings provide new ideas and references for the relationship between diets and gut microbiota.
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Dieta Rica em Proteínas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Camundongos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Dieta , Bactérias/genética , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Bamboo fiber is a natural and environmentally friendly material made from cheap and widely available resources and is commonly selected as the reinforcement material for steel-wire-mesh BFRPbar concrete beams. In this work, the effects of various fiber lengths and fiber volume rates on the shear properties of bamboo-fiber-reinforced steel-wire-mesh basalt fiber composite reinforcement concrete beams were studied through a combination of shear tests and numerical simulations. The findings demonstrate that the addition of bamboo fiber improves the cracking performance of the beam. The improvement effect of 45 mm bamboo fiber mixed with a 1% volume rate was the most obvious at about 31%. Additionally, the test beam's total stiffness was increased, and the deflection was decreased. However, the use of bamboo fiber was found to decrease the concrete's compressive strength, lowering the final shear capacity for the majority of beams. A method for estimating the shear capacity of the bamboo-fiber-reinforced steel-wire-mesh BFRPbar concrete beams is provided and lays the foundation for engineering practice, in accordance with the impact of bamboo fiber and steel wire mesh on beams that suffer shear breaks.
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Schistosoma japonicum causes serious pathological organ damage and alteration of the intestinal microbiome in the mammalian host, threatening the health of millions of people in China. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been reported to be able to alleviate the damage to the gut and liver and maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. However, it was unclear whether B. amyloliquefaciens could alleviate the hepatic and intestinal symptoms caused by S. japonicum. In this study, the intragastric administration of B. amyloliquefaciens was performed to treat S. japonicum-infected mice during the acute phase. Histopathological analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to evaluate the pathological damage and changes in the intestinal microbiome. The results of the study showed that B. amyloliquefaciens treatment significantly reduced the degree of granuloma and fibrosis in infected mice. Additionally, recovery of diversity in the intestinal microbiome, decrease in the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella, and reshaping of the interactive network between genera in the intestine were also observed after treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens. Our findings indicated that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens effectively alleviated the pathological injuries of the liver and intestine in mice infected with S. japonicum by modulating the intestinal microbiome, implying that this probiotic can function as an effective therapeutic agent against schistosomiasis. We hope our study will provide auxiliary strategies and methods for the early prevention of schistosomiasis japonica.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Schistosoma japonicum , Animais , Camundongos , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Fígado/patologia , MamíferosRESUMO
In vitro neurovascular unit (NVU) models are valuable for investigating brain functions and developing drugs. However, it remains challenging to recapitulate the native architectural features and ultra-soft extracellular matrix (ECM) properties of the natural NVU. Cell-laden bioprinting is promising to prepare complex living tissues, but hard to balance the fidelity and cell growth. This study proposes a novel two-stage methodology for biomanufacturing functional 3D neurovascular constructs in vitro with low modulus of ECM. At the shaping stage, a low-viscosity alginate/collagen is printed through an embedded approach; at the culturing stage, the alginate is removed through targeted lysing. The low-viscosity and rapid crosslinking properties provide a printing resolution of ≈10 µm, and the lysis processing can decrease the hydrogels' modulus to ≈1 kPa and adjust the porosity of the microstructure, providing cells with an environment closing to the brain ECM. A 3D hollow coaxial neurovascular model is fabricated, in which the endothelial cells has expressed tight junction proteins and shown selective permeability, and the astrocytes outside of the endothelial layer are found to spread out with branches and directly interact with endothelial cells. The present study offers a promising modeling method for better understanding the NVU function and screening neuro-drugs.