Helicobacter pylori CagA Promotes the Formation of Gallstones by Increasing the Permeability of Gallbladder Epithelial Cells.

BACKGROUND: The formation of gallstones is often accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the mechanisms underlying inflammation and stone formation are not fully understood. Our aim is to utilize single-cell transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, and microbiome data to explore key pathogenic bacteria that may contribute to chronic inflammation and gallstone formation, as well as their associated mechanisms. METHODS: scRNA-seq data from a gallstone mouse model were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using the FindCluster() package for cell clustering analysis. Bulk transcriptomics data from patients with gallstone were also extracted from the GEO database, and intergroup functional differences were assessed using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on gallbladder mucosal samples from asymptomatic patients with gallstone (n = 6) and liver transplant donor gallbladder mucosal samples (n = 6) to identify key bacteria associated with stone formation and chronic inflammation. Animal models were constructed to investigate the mechanisms by which these key pathogenic bacterial genera promote gallstone formation. RESULTS: Analysis of scRNA-seq data from the gallstone mouse model (GSE179524) revealed seven distinct cell clusters, with a significant increase in neutrophil numbers in the gallstone group. Analysis of bulk transcriptomics data from patients with gallstone (GSE202479) identified chronic inflammation in the gallbladder, potentially associated with dysbiosis of the gallbladder microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing identified Helicobacter pylori as a key bacterium associated with gallbladder chronic inflammation and stone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Dysbiosis of the gallbladder mucosal microbiota is implicated in gallstone disease and leads to chronic inflammation. This study identified H. pylori as a potential key mucosal resident bacterium contributing to gallstone formation and discovered its key pathogenic factor CagA, which causes damage to the gallbladder mucosal barrier. These findings provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of gallstones.

Impacts of core training on athletes' performance in long-distance running / Impactos do treino do core no desempenho de atletas na corrida de longa distância / Efectos del entrenamiento del core en el rendimiento de atletas en carreras de larga distancia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long-distance runners cannot achieve training effects by relying only on speed endurance training. Core training exercises significantly improve stability, allowing learning of techniques with superior movement efficiency. Several factors that affect the development of athletes' special skills are considered, highlighting their main strengths and working on intermediate characteristics. Objective: Verify the impacts of core training on athletes' performance in long-distance running. Methods: This paper had 18 middle-distance runners as volunteers for the research. The athletes' physical conditioning and athletic performance before and after training were examined. Statistical analyses on the indicators of the experimental and control groups were analyzed based on the T-test. Results: There were significant differences in endurance, core muscle elasticity, core strength, explosive power, and stability (P<0.05); the results showed that the differences in core stability between the left and right legs of the experimental group were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Core strength exercise is more conducive to exercising a myocardial group in medium and long-distance exercise than conventional strength exercise. Core strength exercises can compensate for a lack of regular strength. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Corredores de longa distância não podem alcançar efeitos de treinamento apenas contando com os treinos de resistência de velocidade. Os exercícios de treino do core melhoram significativamente a estabilidade que permite um aprendizado da técnica com eficiência superior do movimento. Para isso, são considerados vários fatores que afetam o desenvolvimento das habilidades especiais dos atletas, destacando seus principais pontos fortes e trabalhando nas características intermediárias. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos do treino do core no desempenho de atletas na corrida de longa distância. Métodos: Este artigo teve a participação de 18 corredores de média distância como voluntários para a pesquisa. Foi examinado o condicionamento físico dos atletas e o desempenho atlético antes e depois dos treinos. As análises estatísticas nos indicadores dos grupos experimentais e de controle foram analisadas com base no teste-T. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas na resistência, elasticidade muscular essencial, força do core, potência explosiva e estabilidade (P<0,05); os resultados mostraram que as diferenças na estabilidade do núcleo entre as pernas esquerda e direita do grupo experimental foram significativas (P<0,05). Conclusão: O exercício de força do core é mais propício ao exercício de um grupo miocárdio em exercícios de média e longa distância do que o exercício de força convencional. Exercícios de força do core podem compensar a falta de força regular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los corredores de larga distancia no pueden conseguir los efectos del entrenamiento basándose únicamente en el entrenamiento de la velocidad y la resistencia. Los ejercicios de entrenamiento del core mejoran significativamente la estabilidad que permite un aprendizaje de la técnica con una eficiencia de movimiento superior. Para ello, se tienen en cuenta varios factores que afectan al desarrollo de las capacidades especiales de los deportistas, destacando sus principales puntos fuertes y trabajando sobre las características intermedias. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos del entrenamiento del core en el rendimiento de los atletas en carreras de larga distancia. Métodos: Este artículo contó con la participación de 18 corredores de media distancia como voluntarios para la investigación. Se examinó la condición física y el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Los análisis estadísticos en los indicadores de los grupos experimental y de control se analizaron a partir de la prueba T. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en la resistencia, la elasticidad de los músculos centrales, la fuerza central, la potencia explosiva y la estabilidad (P<0,05); los resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la estabilidad central entre las piernas izquierda y derecha del grupo experimental eran significativas (P<0,05). Conclusión: El ejercicio de fuerza del núcleo favorece más el ejercicio del grupo miocárdico en el ejercicio de media y larga distancia que el ejercicio de fuerza convencional. Los ejercicios de fuerza del core pueden compensar la falta de fuerza habitual. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.