Adhere to the Chinese dietary guidelines associated with better subjective well-being: evidence from a cross-sectional survey and a daily diary investigation.

BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) plays an essential role in general health. Although beneficial effects of selected micronutrients and foods on SWB have been reported, they do not reflect the impact of the habitual diet on SWB. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between adherence to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG) with SWB. METHODS: This study combined a cross-sectional survey and a daily diary investigation. The cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,433 students from 8 universities in southern China between October and November 2020. The daily diary investigation was conducted in November 2022, collecting 10-day daily data from 115 students at two universities in southern China over ten consecutive days, resulting in 1,020 valid matched daily responses. Adherence to the CDG was assessed by the China Prime Diet Quality Score (CPDQS), SWB was measured by the Index of Well-being (IWB) and the Affect Valuation Index (AVI). Correlation analysis, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression were conducted to examine the associations of adherence to the CDG with its components, and SWB. RESULTS: The cross-sectional survey revealed significant predictors of SWB, including adherence to the CDG (ß = 0.24, p<0.001) and its components: cereals and tubers (ß = 0.07, p = 0.024), vegetables and fruits (ß = 0.11, p<0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (ß = 0.11, p = 0.002), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (ß = 0.08, p = 0.002). The daily diary investigation showed positive associations between adherence to the CDG (ß = 0.19, p<0.001), and its components: vegetables and fruits (ß = 0.11, p = 0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (ß = 0.06, p = 0.009), animal source food (ß = 0.06, p = 0.026), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (ß = 0.07, p = 0.026), with higher levels of daily SWB. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns such as the CDG, rather than focusing on individual components in isolation, is associated with better SWB. Furthermore, the consumption of CDG components had an impact on SWB, although the specific effects varied between the two studies. This study offers modest evidence supporting the role of the CDG in promoting positive mental health.

The effect of shape on visual size perception.

The Delboeuf illusion occurs when two circles (test figures) of equal radius are placed side by side and surrounded by concentric circles (inducers) of varying radii, resulting in the test figure being misestimated depending on the size of the surrounding inducer. This study conducted three experiments to explore the impact of shape and the contour attraction and parallel attraction on the Delboeuf illusion for different shapes. In Experiment 1 (n = 64), the test figures remained as circles while the inducers varied in shape. Experiment 2 (n = 64) involved simultaneous changes in the shape of both the test figures and the inducers. Experiment 3 (n = 64) replicated Experiment 2, with the exception that the areas of the inducers were equal and the distances between the inducers and the test figures were also equal. We conclude that the shape of the inducer and the test figure had an impact on the visual size perception, and in the magnitude of the Delboeuf illusion, varied depending on contour attraction. Configurations with circles or shapes resembling circles exhibit contour attraction, while configurations with shapes possessing longer parallel lines shift toward parallel attraction, both attractions enhance the perceived magnitude of the Delboeuf illusion.

Effect of healthy dietary intention-behavior (in)consistency on depression and anxiety in the process of behavior change.

Although an increasing number of people are now committed to pursuing a healthy diet, it remains unclear how mental health changes during this process. The present study aimed to examine the combined effect of healthy dietary intention and behavior on depression and anxiety across two sub-studies. This study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional survey (Study 1) involving 1,433 college students and an 11-day daily diary study (Study 2) with 117 college students. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis indicated that in cases of congruence, individuals' intention and behavior align at a high level and were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety in the motivational phase but were not found similar association in the volitional phase. In cases of incongruence, individuals with high intention-low behavior tend to experience lower levels of depression and anxiety in the motivational phase. However, individuals with high intention-low behavior tend to experience higher levels of depression and anxiety in the volitional phase. These findings not only enrich the current understanding of diet and health but also contribute to the development of holistic strategies for promoting a healthy diet.

Computational hemodynamic analysis for optimal stent position in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective treatment for portal hypertension (PH). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of stent position on post-TIPS hemodynamic performance using computational fluid dynamics. Patient-specific pre- and post-TIPS models were reconstructed from CT images of two patients, then virtual TIPS models were created by shifting the portal vein (PV) entry site of the stent. Although there were marginal differences the effects of left-sided and right-sided TIPS on post-TIPS portal pressure and shunting flow, right-sided TIPS resulted in a greater proportion of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) flow diverting to stents compared to that for left-sided TIPS. The results also demonstrated that the nearer the entry site of stent to the portal venous bifurcation, the greater and more stable the shunting blood flow. These results suggest that the entry site of the stent should be as close to the portal vein bifurcation as possible during TIPS. TIPS on the right branch of the portal vein may be more likely to result in post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy than that on the left branch.