mRNA therapeutics for disease therapy: principles, delivery, and clinical translation.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has become a key focus in the development of therapeutic agents, showing significant potential in preventing and treating a wide range of diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has accelerated the development of mRNA nucleic therapeutics and attracted significant investment from global biopharmaceutical companies. These therapeutics deliver genetic information into cells without altering the host genome, making them a promising treatment option. However, their clinical applications have been limited by issues such as instability, inefficient in vivo delivery, and low translational efficiency. Recent advances in molecular design and nanotechnology have helped overcome these challenges, and several mRNA formulations have demonstrated promising results in both animal and human testing against infectious diseases and cancer. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in structural optimization strategies and delivery systems, and discusses key considerations for their future clinical use.

Facile graft of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) onto Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles by ATRP: synthesis, properties, and biocompatibility.

Magnetite (Fe(3) O(4) ) nanoparticles with the surface hydroxyl groups were achieved by a polyol process. Using 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyltrichlorosilane (CTCS) as initiator, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as monomer, poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-grafted Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles (MNP) were successfully prepared via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The successful grafting of PMPC on the Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles surface was ascertained from the FTIR analysis. The modified nanoparticles (MNP-CTCS-PMPC) showed a good biocompatibility in the cytotoxicity test in vitro. Performance testing of MNP-CTCS-PMPC was performed through magnetic resonance analysis (MR), and its r(2) /r(1) value was 24.1. These results indicated that the modified Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles would be a potential MRI contrast reagent.