RESUMO
The anti-inflammatory properties of Bacteroides fragilis vesicles were studied in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. According to the histology results, addition of B. fragilis vesicles to the therapy promoted colon repair. Evaluation of the disease activity index confirms the high rate of colon recovery: against the background of vesicle administration, the absence of blood in stool, normal stool consistency, and body weight normalization were observed.
Assuntos
Bacteroides fragilis , Colite , Colo , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Animais , Ratos , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/patologia , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/microbiologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Colo/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/microbiologia , Masculino , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The data available in the literature on the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC), its risk factors and genetic aspects are analyzed. Basic screening tests and their diagnostic value are described. The paper indicates the importance of methods (colonoscopy, occult blood feces analysis, fecal immunochemical test, determination of molecular genetic profile of fecal enterocytes) for the early primary diagnosis of colonic epithelial tumors and techniques (echography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) that are required to specify clinical TNM staging and enable one to choose an optimal treatment policy for CRC patients owing to the estimation of tumor volume and to the diagnosis of reginal and distant metastases. It also shows that new screening methods based on the detection of molecular markers for early (premorphological) tumor stages are promising. The role of primary CRC prevention aimed at molding and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the population is demonstrated.
Assuntos
Colonoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/psicologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento de Redução do RiscoRESUMO
Using the technology of DNA chips Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip it was analyzed quantitative DNA methylation status in 12 paired samples of prostate adenocarcinoma, and morphologically altered tissues. Analysis of differentially methylated regions of the genome showed an association with abnormal status for 21610 and 3852 hypomethylated hyper-methylated CpG sites. Dominance in the cancer genome hypermethylated sites and their predominant localization in the regulatory regions of genes indicate their possible role in the implementation of mechanisms of gene suppression in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). For 14 genes studied were characterized array maximum values hypermethylation in promoter region (> 50% CpG sites) in combination with a high level of methylation differences between treatment groups (> 40%). Role of hypermethylation in some of them: AOX1, KLF8, ZNF154, TMEM106A in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer has been showed previously. Hypermethylation of genes ACSS3, TAC1, TUBA4B, ZSCAN12 not previously been shown for prostate cancer, but is characterized by the association with other cancers. In turn, the differences in the levels of methylation in genes GPRASP1, NKX2-6, ARX, CYBA, EPSTI1, RHCG been documented as a result of a number of genome-research oncology, but has not been studied in detail. To assess the diagnostic potential of epigenetic markers of prostate cancer there was carried out unbiased selection of individual CpG sites most reliably discriminate against tumor samples from a group of no tumor samples. In selected diagnostic model based on logistic regression included 9 CpG sites. Validation of the model was carried out on an independent dataset of methylation of 40 paired samples from the prostate cancer project Atlas of Cancer Genome (TCGA) analyzed on the same version of the DNA chip. Summarized rates of diagnostic informativeness of a model (specificity 95%, sensitivity of 97%, the area under the curve of the diagnostic test (ROC) - 0,96), obtained after validation, allow us to consider these CpG Sites as potential markers for molecular diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Metilação de DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Ilhas de CpG , DNA de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to assess mutational events in exons 5, 7, and 8 of the p53 gene and to reveal mutant p53 protein in verified cases of morphologically altered (proliferative and precancerous changes, lung cancer) and histologically unaltered, lung tissues in workers exposed to occupational radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded unaltered and altered lung tissue blocks (FFPBs) obtained from the human radiobiological tissue repository. The shelf-life of FFPBs was 5-31 years. An immunohistochemical technique using mouse antibodies against p53 protein (<