Internalization and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics on inmortalized human neural stem cells.

Global plastic production has increased exponentially in recent decades, and a significant part of it persists in the environment, where it degrades into microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs). These can enter in humans by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, and there is scientific evidence that they are able to reach the systemic circulation and penetrate and accumulate in various tissues and organs. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of NPs is one of the most worrying effects, as they can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the following study, we analyzed, by transmission electron microscopy, the in vitro uptake of 30-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) into human neural stem cells (NSCs), their accumulation and subcellular localization within the cell. Furthermore, we studied the effects of different concentrations of PS-NPs on cell death, proliferation, and cell differentiation using immunocytochemistry and quantitative real time PCR for specific markers. This study demonstrated that PS-NPs were able to enter the cell, probably by endocytosis, accumulate, and aggregated in human NSCs, without being detected in the nucleus, causing cell death by apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into the interaction and effects of PS-NPs in human NSC and supports the scientific evidence for the involvement of nanoplastic in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Osteopetrosis: presentación de un caso clínico / Osteopetrosis: presentation of a clinical case

La osteopetrosis, en particular la variante autosómica recesiva, es una patología con alta mortalidad de muy baja incidencia, lo cual conlleva al retraso de su diagnóstico perdiendo la posibilidad de un tratamiento oportuno para mejorar su pronóstico. Esta enfermedad se produce por una falla en la función o diferenciación osteoclástica con reabsorción ósea defectuosa.Presentamos un caso clínico motivados por la necesidad de agudizar su sospecha ante la presencia de los siguientes signos clínicos (hipocalcemia, alteraciones hematológicas, disfunción de pares craneales) y radiológicos característicos (engrosamiento cortical con colapso medular, esclerosis difusa afectando cráneo, huesos largos y columna, esclerosis focal, líneas escleróticas y radiolucidas que se alternan). Es necesario estar alertas a esta entidad para dar la posibilidad de un pronto estudio genético para arribar más rápido al transplante de medula ósea mejorando la sobrevida de estos pacientes

The osteopetrosis, including autosomal recessive variant is a disease with high mortality of very low incidence which leads to delay in diagnosis losing the possibility of early treatment to improve their prognosis. This disease is caused by a failure to function or osteoclastic differentiation with defective bone resorption. We report a case motivated by the need to sharpen their suspicion in the presence of the following clinical signs (hypocalcemia, blood disorders, cranial nerve dysfunction) and radiological characteristic (core collapse cortical thickening, diffuse sclerosis affecting skull, long bones and spine, focal sclerosis, sclerotic and radiolucent lines alternating).You need to be alert to this organization to give the possibility of a genetic study soon to arrive faster by improving bone marrow transplant survival in these patients